Method Article
The authors present a method for fabricating stable white-light-emitting electrochemical cells utilizing emission from exciplexes formed between a blue-emitting fluorene polymer and aromatic amines.
作者提出的用于制造由高分子发光电化学电池具有其由蓝色荧光的聚(9,9-二正dodecylfluorenyl -2,7-二基)的活性层稳定的白光发射(PLECS)的方法( PFD)和π共轭三苯基胺的分子。这种白光发射从电子激发态PFD和胺之间形成激发络合物起源。含有PFD,4,4',4''装置-三[2-萘基(苯基)氨基]三苯基胺(2-TNATA),聚(环氧乙烷)和K 2 CF 3 SO 3显示白色发光用委员会国际歌DE L'éclairage(CIE)坐标的(0.33,0.43)和以3.5 V恒定电压测量的施加电压为Ra = 73的显色指数(CRI)表明,在CIE的(0.27,0.37)中,Ra的坐标67,及5V的施加电压后立即观察到的发光颜色几乎不变,后稳定300秒。
Research and development of polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) have expanded in recent years.1-15 PLECs are similar to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in that both are surface emitting organic devices and are expected to find their way into future lighting applications. OLEDs are already on the market, but the cost is still high, one reason being that OLEDs need a complicated device structure with multiple layers. In contrast, PLECs have a very simple device structure which consists of a single active layer (emitting layer) between a pair of electrodes. This means that PLECs are suited to mass production processes such as roll-to-roll printing and coating.
A PLEC has an active layer consisting of a fluorescent π-conjugated polymer (FCP). The FCP can be electrochemically doped with a polymer electrolyte (a mixture of an ion conducting polymer and a salt). The FCP is p-doped on the anode side and n-doped on the cathode side during operation, and generates excitons which emit light between the p- and n-doped regions. Therefore, the emission color reflects the exciton emission (=fluorescence) wavelength of the FCP.
Stable white light emission is important for lighting applications, and color mixing techniques which employ two or more emitters have been widely used to achieve this.10-14 Recently, we presented a different approach for obtaining stable white light emission, using an active layer which contains blue-fluorescent poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFD) and π-conjugated aromatic amines15. This white light emission comes from exciplexes formed between PFD and amine molecules in excited states. Exciplex emission has a broader spectrum compared to the exciton emission from the PDF and/or amines, which gives it a color close to that of natural light. This translates to a higher color rendering index (CRI), which is preferable for lighting applications.
In this article, the authors describe the procedure used to fabricate the exciplex based LECs and show the stability of their white light emission.
1.活动层溶液的制备
2. LEC器件的制造
注:LEC器件的制造过程总结于图1中 。
3.表征
电致发光(EL)光谱用来计算CIE坐标和CRI值( 图2,4,5)。收集发射器件的拍摄图像来验证发射( 图3)的白度。
胺掺杂PFD设备和未掺杂的PFD器件的EL光谱示于图2。未掺杂的PFD器件显示相对应的PFD激子发射的蓝色发射。同时,2-TNATA和DMFL-NPB掺杂器件表现出更长的波长发射相比,未掺杂的PFD设备。从胺掺杂设备的排放源自于电子激发态PFD和胺之间形成激发络合物。
2-TNATA和DMFL-NPB掺杂器件表现出白光发射作为彩色照像看到所述发射装置的PHS( 图3)。在胺掺杂的器件的CIE坐标的变化(PFD的掺杂比率:胺= 1:0.25和1:1)。示于图4中的2-TNATA掺杂装置(0.25 PFD:2-TNATA = 1)显示色坐标的(0.33,0.43)和显色指数(CRI)Ra为= 73在V 接通 = 3.5 V(V 接通被定义为产生经1光盘的亮度所需的电压/厘米电压扫描测量)和DMFL-NPB掺杂设备具有PFD的相同比例在2:DMFL-NPB(1:0.25)显示,X = 0.23色坐标,Y = 0.33,并在V为Ra = 54的CRI 开启 = 3.5 V的DMFL-NPB掺杂器件的发射颜色为略带蓝色移相比,在2-TNATA掺杂装置。这是由于在激基复合物形成与PFD胺的能力差,与具有较大以形成激发络合物比DMFL-NPB能力2-TNATA。15
内容】"FO:保持-together.within页="1"> 图5示出了电流密度,亮度的变化和施加后立即将2-TNATA的色坐标时施加5V的恒定电压掺杂设备。电压时,器件显示色坐标的(0.27,0.37)和67一镭,以及发光颜色几乎不变,300秒后稳定。
图1. LEC器件的制作工艺。 请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。
图2. EL发射PLECS的光谱,2-TNATA掺杂,DMFL-NPB掺杂和未掺杂的设备。e.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54628/54628fig2large.jpg"目标="_空白">点击此处查看该图的放大版本。
图3.从胺掺杂器件发光的照片 PFD的兴奋剂比 :胺= 1:1)2-TNATA掺杂设备B)DMFL-NPB掺杂装置(比例尺:5毫米)的请点击这里查看该图的放大版本。
图4的变化的CIE坐标的2-TNATA和DMFL-NPD与增加的电压掺杂装置的 )具有PFD的掺杂率的设备:胺= 1:1 二 )</ strong>设备与PFD的掺杂比例:胺= 1:0.25 ,请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。
图5的)色坐标,亮度和电流,和b)的疗效,亮度,和2-TNATA当前掺杂PLECS时空演化。 请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。
该LEC具有包含疏水PFD和芳族胺,和亲水聚环氧乙烷和KCF 3 SO 3的有源层。因为这些材料具有非常不同的溶解度,旋涂溶液的精心准备是关键的,以避免不完全溶解。每个必须首先在有足够的溶解能力的,则该溶液被混合在一起以形成均匀的混合物的溶剂分别和完全溶解。平衡激子和激基复合物的排放量是关键,获得白光发射。因此,PFD和胺的量必须精确测量。
在淋巴管内皮细胞也很重要,以控制活性层的相分离的形态。作者使用其他离子导电聚合物,例如三羟甲基丙烷乙氧基化物(TMPE-OH)16代替PEO试过,但与TMPE-OH制造的设备未充当一个LEC。疏水材料(PFD和芳香胺)和亲水性聚合物电解质倾向于相分离的,这意味着材料必须仔细选择。
用来固化树脂的UV光可能会损坏活性层材料。因此,在紫外线光从铝淀积侧通过玻璃盖照射以避免不必要的曝光。
相比,在其中使用多个发光材料的方法,10-14上述的方法具有白光发射的一个主要优点是可以通过只加入简单的化合物,如芳香胺来获得。以产生高CRI的白光,这将是必要的,以获得更广泛的带外发射用频谱接近太阳光。因为激发络合物通常产生宽带的排放量,发现蓝色发光聚合物和胺的更好的组合应该使得能够实现这些更高的CRI。
图5示出时间EV施加在5V 图4b的恒电压亮度,电流密度,CIE坐标和2-TNATA掺杂LEC疗效olution示出一个LEC的典型行为,例如在增加亮度和电流密度和变化的功效前30秒的操作。
因此,笔者已经证明与利用从PFD和胺原激基复合物的排放白光发射PLECS的制造过程。作者还表明这种白色发光的稳定性,这对于大面积照明应用是特别重要的性质。
The authors have nothing to disclose.
这项工作是部分被格兰特 - 在援助科学研究(24225003号)的支持。这项工作是由JX新日本石油和能源公司资助。
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFD) | Aldrich | 571660 | |
4,4’,4’’-Tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino] triphenylamine (2-TNATA) | Aldrich | 768669 | |
9,9-Dimethyl-N,N’-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N’-diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DMFL-NPB) | Aldrich | ||
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) | Aldrich | 182028 | |
Potassium tirifluoromethansulfonate (KCF3SO3) | Aldrich | 422843 | dried under vacuum at 200 °C for 2 hr prior to use |
Chloroform | Kanto Chemical Co. | 08097-25 | dehydrated |
Cyclohexanone | Kanto Chemical Co. | 07555-00 | |
SCAT 20-X (detergent) | Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku | diluted with water | |
Acetone | Kanto Chemical Co. | 01866-25 | Electronic grage |
2-propanol | Kanto Chemical Co. | 32439-75 | Electronic grage |
13 mm GD/X Disposable Filter Device PVDF Filter Media, Polypropylene Housing | Whatman | 6872-1304 | |
UV/O3 Treating Unit | SEN Lights Co. | SSP16-110 | |
Spectral Photo Detector | Otsuka Electronics | MCPD 9800 | |
Voltage Current Source Monitor | ADCMT | 6241A | |
Evaporation Mask | Tokyo Process Service Co., Ltd. | NA | The evaporation mask was wet-etched to create openings for patterned deposition of aluminum. The size of the mask is 100 mm x 100 mm x 0.2 mm-thick. |
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