Name: data acquisition protocol for determining embedded sensitivity functions
Uploaded: 2016-04-20T15:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Data Acquisition Protocol for Determining Embedded Sensitivity Functions at JoVE.com

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1.预测试准备<ol><li>设计和制造测试夹具。设计夹具通过选择螺栓位置以匹配叶片的安装位置到复制现实边界条件。选择钢夹具，以尽量减少从夹具到试样的动态响应的贡献。 <ol><li>博尔特刀片的定制T支架。 </li><li>夹紧固定到钢表。 </li></ol></li><li>识别和标记撞击位置的网格。 <ol><li>选择30个点，涵盖了整个叶片。 </li><li>标志点用记号笔或蜡笔和数量，以供参考。使用在结果可视化表示以后使用卷尺测量点间距。 </li></ol></li><li>选择和校准加速度计。 <ol><li>选择单一轴，为10 mV / g加速度计。一定要选择具有适当的灵敏度加速度计，以避免过载传感器，并实现良好的信噪比-noise比率。此外，一定的传感器的频率范围是足以捕获的为试样感兴趣的频率范围。 </li><li>校准每个传感器。 <ol><li>附加传感器的手持式振动器，其输出是9.81米/秒2有效值（ 即 ，1克）的大小的单一频率的力。 </li><li>测量2秒的响应。 </li><li>确定从软件读出响应的幅值的均方根值。 </li><li>由1000乘以均方根值，以确定在毫伏/ g的单位加速度计的校准因子。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li>选择到锤尖。 <ol><li>选择11.2毫伏/ N灵敏度的冲击锤。一定要选择锤子是足够兴奋的幅度和频率范围内的试样。 </li><li>选择一个尼龙提示。一定要选择一个锤子提示，充分激发的幅度和频率范围内的试样。 </li><li>有限公司nnect锤子数据采集系统用一根BNC电缆。 </li></ol></li><li>确定传感器的位置和附加传感器（ 图4）。 <ol><li>选择在点米的位置和n的损伤位置的任一侧。 </li><li>在安装位置为k的第三加速。来自此传感器的数据将被用于验证嵌入式灵敏度函数分析的结果。 </li><li>附加使用超级胶水加速度计。让超级胶水进行冲击试验之前完全设置。 </li></ol></li><li>选择测试参数在数据采集GUI。 <ol><li>启用双点击检测。 </li><li>采样频率设置为25,600赫兹。的可用频率范围，因此，12800赫兹。 </li><li>设置采样时间为1秒。 </li><li>选择锤子通道作为触发通道。设置触发电平为10欧。 </li><li>预触发长度设置为总采样时间的5％。预-T起重工数据是数据采集开始前收集的数据已被存储在缓冲器中。它来检索并从而使整个冲击事件被捕获的保存这些数据是很重要的。 </li><li>选择H1 FRF估计。此估算假设有在响应通道噪音及力道无噪音。 注:采集过程中不要窗口数据。窗口可以在后处理，如果需要的话被应用。 </li><li>输入加速度计和锤子信息，包括校准系数和识别笔记。 </li><li>除记录保存以及在未来的测试使用的设置。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2.冲击试验的健康之刃<ol><li>影响1点用锤子。当冲击力的幅值超过所选触发电平，该数据采集系统将被触发和数据，包括预触发数据的选定量，将开始记录。 <ol><li>在数据习得N，监督渠道通过观察数据采集软件显示的时间历程，以避免通道限幅和双重影响。 </li><li>在数据采集期间，监视每个加速度计信道的相干通过观察在数据采集软件的相干积来评估所获取的数据的质量。 </li></ol></li><li>重复步骤点1 2.1四次。 <ol><li>使用一致的影响幅度为所有的影响。 </li></ol></li><li>重复步骤所有点2.1和2.2。 </li></ol> 3.冲击试验的损伤叶片<ol><li>为了对损伤叶片，重复第2收集数据用于验证嵌入式灵敏度函数的结果。除了在试验片的变化，所有的测试参数保持相同。 </li></ol>

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	<li>Singh, N., Joshi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimization+of+location+and+number+of+sensors+for+structural+health+monitoring+using+genetic+algorithm.">Optimization of location and number of sensors for structural health monitoring using genetic algorithm.</a> Mater Forum. 33, 359-367 (2009).</li><li>Gao, H., Rose, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasonic+sensor+placement+optimization+in+structural+health+monitoring+using+evolutionary+strategy.">Ultrasonic sensor placement optimization in structural health monitoring using evolutionary strategy.</a> Review Of Qnde. 25, 1687-1693 (2006).</li><li>Raich, A. M., Liszkai, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-objective+optimization+of+sensor+and+excitation+layouts+for+frequency+response+function-based+structural+damage+identification.">Multi-objective optimization of sensor and excitation layouts for frequency response function-based structural damage identification.</a> Comput-Aided Civinfrastructure Eng. 27 (2), 95-117 (2012).</li><li>Worden, K., Burrows, A. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimal+sensor+placement+for+fault+detection.">Optimal sensor placement for fault detection.</a> Eng Struct. 23 (8), 885-901 (2001).</li><li>Flynn, E. B., Todd, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Bayesian+approach+to+optimal+sensor+placement+for+structural+health+monitoring+with+application+to+active+sensing.">A Bayesian approach to optimal sensor placement for structural health monitoring with application to active sensing.</a> Mech Syst Signal Pr. 24 (4), 891-903 (2010).</li><li>Markmiller, J., Chang, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensor+network+optimization+for+a+passive+sensing+impact+detection+technique.">Sensor network optimization for a passive sensing impact detection technique.</a> Struct Health Monit. 9 (1), 25-39 (2010).</li><li>Yang, C., Adams, D., Yoo, S., Kim, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+embedded+sensitivity+approach+for+diagnosing+system-level+noise+and+vibration+problems.">An embedded sensitivity approach for diagnosing system-level noise and vibration problems.</a> J. Sound Vibration. 269 (3), 1063-1081 (2004).</li><li>Yang, C., Adams, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Predicting+changes+in+vibration+behavior+using+first-+and+second-order+iterative+embedded+sensitivity+functions.">Predicting changes in vibration behavior using first- and second-order iterative embedded sensitivity functions.</a> J. Sound Vibration. 323 (1), 173-193 (2009).</li><li>Yang, C., Adams, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Damage+Identification+Technique+based+on+Embedded+Sensitivity+Analysis+and+Optimization+Processes.">A Damage Identification Technique based on Embedded Sensitivity Analysis and Optimization Processes.</a> J. Sound Vibration. 333 (14), 3109-3119 (2013).</li><li>Rocklin, G. T., Crowley, J., Vold, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparison+of+the+H1,+H2,+and+Hv+frequency+response+functions.">A comparison of the H1, H2, and Hv frequency response functions.</a> Proc. Of IMAC III. 1, 272-278 (1985).</li><li>Meyer, J., Adams, D., Silvers, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embedded+Sensitivity+Functions+for+improving+the+effectiveness+of+vibro-acoustic+modulation+and+damage+detection+on+wind+turbine+blades.">Embedded Sensitivity Functions for improving the effectiveness of vibro-acoustic modulation and damage detection on wind turbine blades.</a> , (2014).</li><li>Guratzsch, R., Mahadevan, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+health+monitoring+sensor+placement+optimization+under+uncertainty.">Structural health monitoring sensor placement optimization under uncertainty.</a> AIAA J. 48 (7), 1281-1289 (2010).</li></ol>

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测试夹具的设计应复制现实边界条件，使得结果将操作条件下适用。的用于测试撞击点的数量的选择是具有足够的空间分辨率和测试时间之间的权衡。选择基于测试样品的大小和所关注的频率范围内的锤。在一般情况下，锤越小，更宽的频率范围内激发。然而，小锤子通常产生较低幅度的力量。冲击锤被监测与测力计来测量的影响时程。类型锤尖的也影响激发的频率范围。较硬的尖端，更广泛的激发的频带。超级胶水被选择过蜡，例如，以最小化由安装材料响应的衰减。 在数据采集软件，使双点击检测以automati凯莉表示何时发生了双重影响。单身的影响是需要的，因为它们产生更广泛，更可重复的力谱。当力的幅度上升到选定的触发电平以上，数据采集开始。时间数据由数据采集软件获得的。采集过程中的数据应被监视，以确保数据的质量。信道限幅，当由传感器测得的响应超过允许的电压范围时发生，应避免使用。一致性是用来判断数据质量优良的指标。在一般情况下，一致性应接近一个由冲击激发的频率范围内的所有频率。在相干骤降有望接近测试样品的反谐振频率，因为信噪比低，噪声是不相关的输入。一旦质量数据被获取时，时间历程经由快速傅立叶变换（FFT）转换到频域，并且平均FRF是埃斯蒂马泰德使用H1估计10。 确定来自测试期间所测量的的FRF英基，式（1）可以以两种方式之一被使用。首先，直接的方法可以使用，这需要对HJM，HJN，HKM和HKN测量。这些频响函数将被放置在传感器位置k和粗纱一个传感器，每个潜在传感器位置J值确定。影响将在跨越损伤位置的两个位置被应用。以使数据收集的效率，对等的主要可用于扭转输入和测量位置。使用这种方法，HMJ，HNJ，HMK和HNK被确定。现在，而不必移动传感器对每个不同的测量，传感器留静止和冲击位置高地游弋。一旦ESFS计算每个位置，它们的幅度进行比较，以确定哪些位置Ĵ是位置m和n之间的损伤最敏感的。请注意，一个损坏的位置被假定在这一工作。 在ESF分析的结果，现在可以在基于FRF，结构健康监测方案中使用。在11中 ，已证明，通过ESFS鉴定为损害最敏感的传感器位置是在确定风力涡轮机叶片的损坏的情况下更有效。 其他方法来预测在哪个结构的FRF将敏感损坏通常依赖于结构3，6，的分析建模12。FRF数据使用输入和测量位置的不同组合模拟主机的位置。然而，这些方法的结果依赖于一个可靠和准确的模型，这就需要材料特性的详细知识和结构的几何形状的发展。因为ESFS可以从实验测得的数据来计算对健康的结构，则不需要材料特性的识别，并不需要确定该结构的几何形状。 该技术的一个潜在的局限性在于，它需要在损害对将要发生的先验知识。在许多应用中，这种要求不是限制性的，因为由于应力分析和现有的经验，损坏位置可以预见的。在损伤位置是未知的应用程序，可以获取多个数据集，每次假设一个不同的损伤位置。内的数据获取协议，许多最佳做法被确定，不仅适用于数据采集ESFS，但通常也适用于模态冲击试验。能够判断数据的质量被收购有经验的提高，但知道的基本面，包括决定力量滚降和评估的一致性将使甚至那些新的模态冲击试验获得喜GH-质量数据。

许多结构健康监测技术依赖于测量的频率响应函数（频响函数）的变化来检测结构中的损坏。然而，很少有这些方法解决如何确定传感器的展示位置和/或输入力的位置，这将最大限度地方法的有效性，检测损坏。嵌入式灵敏度函数（ESFS）可以被用来确定一个FRF的敏感性在一个结构的材料特性的局部变化。因此，由于损伤通常导致在刚度，阻尼或该结构的质量的局部变化，ESFS提供了确定基于FRF的健康监测技术最好传感器和力的位置的方法。 该视频和手稿的目的是为了详细数据采集过程和用于确定结构ESFS最佳做法。该方法包括从模态冲击试验，它是由激发structu进行确定各个的FRF采用模态冲击锤重并测量其与加速度计的响应。在这项工作中，被测试的结构是1.2 m的小区规模的风力涡轮机叶片。测试和分析的目的是确定哪些是向叶片损坏最敏感的传感器位置。这些传感器位置然后可以在一个结构健康状态监测方案来用于监测损伤刀片。 除了使用ESFS来确定最有效的传感器位置的结构健康状态监测方案使用，几个传感器优化布设也可以在文献中证实找到。在[克莱默]，克莱默迭代地计算一组传感器中的观察系统的模式的能力。最近，遗传算法1-3和神经网络4已经开发了确定最佳传感器位置。在图5中 ，贝叶斯方法使用，考虑到不同类型的错误的风险和损坏率的分布。在图6中 ，有限元模型杠杆，以确定最可能检测到损坏的传感器位置。在大多数的文献中提出的传感器的配置的算法，从受损的结构数据，无论是模拟的或测量的，是必需的。嵌入式灵敏度方法的一个优点是，传感器位置可以从健康结构来确定。 ESFS的另一个优点是，材料性质不必明确地已知的。相反，材料性质在为系统的的FRF的表达"嵌入"。因此，所有这一切都需要计算ESFS是一组在特定的输入/输出位置测量的FRF的。具体地，FRF（H JK）为响应所计算的灵敏度在点j测量在点k的输入，以便在刚度点m和n之间的变化（K MN）是<img alt="公式1" src="/files/ftp_upload/53690/53690equation1.jpg" />哪里<img alt="方程2" src="/files/ftp_upload/53690/53690equation2.jpg" />是ESF作为频率的函数，ω7-9。用于测量以计算等式（1）的右手侧所需的FRF的程序是在下一节详细和在视频演示。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Accelerometer</td><td>PCB</td><td>356B11</td><td>three used in testing</td></tr><tr><td>Impact hammer</td><td>PCB</td><td>086C01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Data acquisition card</td><td>NI</td><td>9234</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DAQ chasis&amp;nbsp;</td><td>NI</td><td>cDAQ-9171</td><td>or similar</td></tr><tr><td>Software</td><td>MATLAB</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Super glue</td><td>Loctite</td><td>454</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Handheld Shaker</td><td>PCB</td><td>394C06</td><td>for calibration&amp;nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table>

data acquisition protocol for determining embedded sensitivity functions

许多结构健康监测技术的有效性取决于传感器的位置和输入力的位置。确定最佳的传感器，并迫使地点通常算法需要的数据，无论是模拟或测量，从损坏的结构。嵌入式灵敏度函数提供了确定最好的传感器位置检测与健康的结构唯一的数据损坏的方法。在此视频和手稿，数据采集过程和用于确定结构的内嵌灵敏度函数的最佳实践呈现。在嵌入式灵敏度函数的计算中使用的频率响应函数是通过模态冲击试验获得的。数据获取和有代表性的结果示于住宅​​规模的风力涡轮机叶片。被采集，用于评估的数据的质量策略数据采集过程的示范过程中提供的。 </p&gt;

图1显示了一个典型的嵌入式灵敏度函数。到一个FRF类似，英基具有接近该结构的固有频率峰值。在ESF的值越高，越敏感的位置是一个点m和n之间的损坏。每个风力涡轮机叶片所测试的30磅的具有独特的ESF。这些ESFS可以比较，以确定哪些传感器位置将损坏最敏感。例如， 图2示出了近142赫兹的ESFS的振幅。从该图，很明显，对应于在第一列和第三列的正方形传感器位置是对损伤最敏感的。请注意，这些位置是从健康叶片获得的数据来确定。 图3示出了在从数据从健康确定的FRF之间的FRF测量差<html>刀片和那些从损坏的叶片数据确定。差之间的FRF和ESFS相似之处显示ESFS的有效性来预测在哪些在由于损坏的FRF最大变化将被呈现的位置。 <img alt="图1" src="/files/ftp_upload/53690/53690fig1.jpg" /> 图1.电子 mbedded灵敏度函数 的 用于点1 的振幅英基的值对应于FRF的点1在选定的位置处的灵敏度，以破坏在结构。值改变为频率的函数。在ESF高峰往往对应于结构的固有频率。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/53690/53690fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> 3690 / 53690fig2.jpg"/&gt; 图2. ESFS的在142赫兹所有的30个点的幅度。每个彩色正方形对应于在142赫兹所测试的各空间位置的ESF的值。热的颜色对应于在该ESFS预测由于​​损坏在FRF最大变化点。冷色调显示，在这一点上FRF中的变化会比较小。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/53690/53690fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> <img alt="图3" src="/files/ftp_upload/53690/53690fig3.jpg" /> 图3.频响函数的差异，H JK，在142 Hz的所有的30个百分点。这种差异是由减去健康受损叶片确定的频响函数计算。热的颜色指示的FRF较大差异。冷色表示SMA在频响函数LL的变化。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/53690/53690fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> <img alt="图4" src="/files/ftp_upload/53690/53690fig4.jpg" /> 测试过程中使用图4.影响点。被选点跨越刀片。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/53690/53690fig4large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a>

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Data Acquisition Protocol for Determining Embedded Sensitivity Functions

The data acquisition procedure for determining embedded sensitivity functions is described. Data is acquired and representative results are shown for a residential scale wind turbine blade.

数据采集​​协议确定嵌入式灵敏度功能

The effectiveness of many structural health monitoring techniques depends on the placement of sensors and the location of input forces. Algorithms for ...

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6.1K 次观看.  Vanderbilt University. The data acquisition procedure for determining embedded sensitivity functions is described. Data is acquired and representative results are shown for a residential scale wind turbine blade.

视频: Data Acquisition Protocol for Determining Embedded Sensitivity Functions

Combining Multiple Data Acquisition Systems to Study Corticospinal Output and Multi-segment Biomechanics

Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques allow for an in-depth investigation into the neural mechanisms that underpin human behavior. To date, the use of TMS to study human movement, has been limited by the challenges related to precisely timing the delivery of TMS to features of the unfolding movement and, also, by accurately characterizing kinematics and kinetics. To overcome these technical challenges, TMS delivery and acquisition systems should be integrated with an online motion tracking system. The present manuscript details technical innovations that integrate multiple acquisition systems to facilitate and advance the use of TMS to study human movement. Using commercially available software and hardware systems, a step-by-step approach to both the hardware assembly and the software scripts necessary to perform TMS studies triggered by specific features of a movement is provided. The approach is focused on the study of upper limb, planar, multi-joint reaching movements. However, the same integrative system is amenable to a multitude of sophisticated studies of human motor control.

The use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to study human motor control requires the integration of data acquisition systems to control TMS delivery and simultaneously record human behavior. The present manuscript provides a detailed methodology for integrating data acquisition systems for the purpose of investigating human movement via TMS.

合并多个数据采集系统来研究皮质输出和多段生物力学

Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques allow for an in-depth investigation into the neural mechanisms that underpin human behavior. To date, the use ...

科研

行为学

Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples

The setup of a planar Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (p-FMMD) scanner for performing Magnetic Particles Imaging (MPI) of flat samples is presented. It consists of two magnetic measurement heads on both sides of the sample mounted on the legs of a u-shaped support. The sample is locally exposed to a magnetic excitation field consisting of two distinct frequencies, a stronger component at about 77 kHz and a weaker field at 61 Hz. The nonlinear magnetization characteristics of superparamagnetic particles give rise to the generation of intermodulation products. A selected sum-frequency component of the high and low frequency magnetic field incident on the magnetically nonlinear particles is recorded by a demodulation electronics. In contrast to a conventional MPI scanner, p-FMMD does not require the application of a strong magnetic field to the whole sample because mixing of the two frequencies occurs locally. Thus, the lateral dimensions of the sample are just limited by the scanning range and the supports. However, the sample height determines the spatial resolution. In the current setup it is limited to 2 mm. As examples, we present two 20 mm &#215; 25 mm p-FMMD images acquired from samples with 1 &#181;m diameter maghemite particles in silanol matrix and with 50 nm magnetite particles in aminosilane matrix. The results show that the novel MPI scanner can be applied for analysis of thin biological samples and for medical diagnostic purposes.

A scanner for imaging magnetic particles in planar samples was developed using the planar frequency mixing magnetic detection technique. The magnetic intermodulation product response from the nonlinear nonhysteretic magnetization of the particles is recorded upon a two-frequency excitation. It can be used to take 2D images of thin biological samples.

混频磁探测仪在平面样品成像磁性微粒

The setup of a planar Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (p-FMMD) scanner for performing Magnetic Particles Imaging (MPI) of flat samples is presented. ...

工程学

Drug-induced Sensitization of Adenylyl Cyclase: Assay Streamlining and Miniaturization for Small Molecule and siRNA Screening Applications

Sensitization of adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling has been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders including substance abuse and Parkinson&#39;s disease. Acute activation of G&#945;i/o-linked receptors inhibits AC activity, whereas persistent activation of these receptors results in heterologous sensitization of AC and increased levels of intracellular cAMP. Previous studies have demonstrated that this enhancement of AC responsiveness is observed both in vitro and in vivo following the chronic activation of several types of G&#945;i/o-linked receptors including D2 dopamine and &#956; opioid receptors. Although heterologous sensitization of AC was first reported four decades ago, the mechanism(s) that underlie this phenomenon remain largely unknown. The lack of mechanistic data presumably reflects the complexity involved with this adaptive response, suggesting that nonbiased approaches could aid in identifying the molecular pathways involved in heterologous sensitization of AC. Previous studies have implicated kinase and Gb&#947; signaling as overlapping components that regulate the heterologous sensitization of AC. To identify unique and additional overlapping targets associated with sensitization of AC, the development and validation of a scalable cAMP sensitization assay is required for greater throughput. Previous approaches to study sensitization are generally cumbersome involving continuous cell culture maintenance as well as a complex methodology for measuring cAMP accumulation that involves multiple wash steps. Thus, the development of a robust cell-based assay that can be used for high throughput screening (HTS) in a 384&#160;well format would facilitate future studies. Using two D2 dopamine receptor cellular models (i.e.&#160;CHO-D2L and HEK-AC6/D2L), we have converted our 48-well sensitization assay (&#62;20 steps 4-5 days) to a five-step, single day assay in 384-well format. This new format is amenable to small molecule screening, and we demonstrate that this assay design can also be readily used for reverse transfection of siRNA in anticipation of targeted siRNA library screening.

Persistent activation of inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors results in sensitization of adenylyl cyclase signaling. To identify the essential molecular pathways, nonbiased approaches are necessary; however, this strategy requires the development of a scalable cell-based cAMP sensitization assay. Herein, we describe a sensitization assay for small molecule and siRNA screening.

腺苷酸环化酶的药物引起的过敏性：含量简化和小型化的小分子和siRNA筛选应用

Sensitization of adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling has been implicated in a variety of neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders including substance abuse ...

生物工程

Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing for the Quantification of Endothelial Proliferation, Barrier Function, and Motility

Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) is an in vitro impedance measuring system to quantify the behavior of cells within adherent cell layers. To this end, cells are grown in special culture chambers on top of opposing, circular gold electrodes. A constant small alternating current is applied between the electrodes and the potential across is measured. The insulating properties of the cell membrane create a resistance towards the electrical current flow resulting in an increased electrical potential between the electrodes. Measuring cellular impedance in this manner allows the automated study of cell attachment, growth, morphology, function, and motility. Although the ECIS measurement itself is straightforward and easy to learn, the underlying theory is complex and selection of the right settings and correct analysis and interpretation of the data is not self-evident. Yet, a clear protocol describing the individual steps from the experimental design to preparation, realization, and analysis of the experiment is not available. In this article the basic measurement principle as well as possible applications, experimental considerations, advantages and limitations of the ECIS system are discussed. A guide is provided for the study of cell attachment, spreading and proliferation; quantification of cell behavior in a confluent layer, with regard to barrier function, cell motility, quality of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesions; and quantification of wound healing and cellular responses to vasoactive stimuli. Representative results are discussed based on human microvascular (MVEC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), but are applicable to all adherent growing cells.

This protocol reviews Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing, a method to record and analyze the impedance spectrum of adherent cells for the quantification of cell attachment, proliferation, motility, and cellular responses to pharmacological and toxic stimuli. Detection of endothelial permeability and assessment of cell-cell and cell-substrate contacts are emphasized.

电动细胞基质阻抗传感的内皮细胞增殖，屏障功能的定量和能动性

Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) is an in vitro impedance measuring system to quantify the behavior of cells within adherent cell layers. ...

Effective Analysis of Human Exposure Conditions with Body-worn Dosimeters in the 2.4 GHz Band

A well-defined experimental procedure is put forward to evaluate maximum exposure conditions in a worst-case scenario whilst avoiding the uncertainties caused by the use of personal exposimeters (PEMs) as measuring devices: the body shadow effect (BSE), the limited sensitivity range, and the non-identification of the radiation source. An upper bound for exposure levels to EMF in several indoor enclosures has been measured and simulated. The frequency used for the study is 2.4 GHz, as it is the most commonly used band in indoor communications. Although recorded values are well below the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference levels, there is a particular need to provide reliable exposure levels within particularly sensitive environments. In terms of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, limits established in national and international standards for health protection have been set for unperturbed exposure conditions; that is, for real and objective exposure data that have not been altered in any way.

This study describes a protocol to measure exposure levels in the 2.4 GHz band, avoiding the uncertainties caused by the use of personal exposimeters as measuring devices. These alterations of the exposure levels should be taken into account, especially in compliance testing, where exposure limits are defined from non-perturbed data.

2.4 GHz 波段人体磨损剂量计暴露条件的有效分析

A well-defined experimental procedure is put forward to evaluate maximum exposure conditions in a worst-case scenario whilst avoiding the uncertainties ...

Microfluidic Platform with Multiplexed Electronic Detection for Spatial Tracking of Particles

Microfluidic processing of biological samples typically involves differential manipulations of suspended particles under various force fields in order to spatially fractionate the sample based on a biological property of interest. For the resultant spatial distribution to be used as the assay readout, microfluidic devices are often subjected to microscopic analysis requiring complex instrumentation with higher cost and reduced portability. To address this limitation, we have developed an integrated electronic sensing technology for multiplexed detection of particles at different locations on a microfluidic chip. Our technology, called Microfluidic CODES, combines Resistive Pulse Sensing with Code Division Multiple Access to compress 2D spatial information into a 1D electrical signal. In this paper, we present a practical demonstration of the Microfluidic CODES technology to detect and size cultured cancer cells distributed over multiple microfluidic channels. As validated by the high-speed microscopy, our technology can accurately analyze dense cell populations all electronically without the need for an external instrument. As such, the Microfluidic CODES can potentially enable low-cost integrated lab-on-a-chip devices that are well suited for the point-of-care testing of biological samples.

We demonstrate a microfluidic platform with an integrated surface electrode network that combines resistive pulse sensing (RPS) with code division multiple access (CDMA), to multiplex detection and sizing of particles in multiple microfluidic channels.

与复用电子检测的粒子的空间跟踪微流体平台

Microfluidic processing of biological samples typically involves differential manipulations of suspended particles under various force fields in order to ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>表征 3D 打印聚合物超材料的粘弹性

Characterizing Dissipative Elastic Metamaterials Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Viscoelastic behavior can be beneficial in enhancing the unprecedented dynamics of polymer metamaterials or, in contrast, negatively impacting their wave control mechanisms. It is, therefore, crucial to properly characterize the viscoelastic properties of a polymer metamaterial at its working frequencies to understand viscoelastic effects. However, the viscoelasticity of polymers is a complex phenomenon, and the data on storage and loss moduli at ultrasonic frequencies are extremely limited, especially for additively manufactured polymers. This work presents a protocol to experimentally characterize the viscoelastic properties of additively manufactured polymers and to use them in the numerical analysis of polymer metamaterials. Specifically, the protocol includes the description of the manufacturing process, experimental procedures to measure the thermal, viscoelastic, and mechanical properties of additively manufactured polymers, and an approach to use these properties in finite-element simulations of the metamaterial dynamics. The numerical results are validated in ultrasonic transmission tests. To exemplify the protocol, the analysis is focused on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and aims at characterizing the dynamic behavior of a simple metamaterial made from it by using fused deposition modeling (FDM) three-dimensional (3D) printing. The proposed protocol will be helpful for many researchers to estimate viscous losses in 3D-printed polymer elastic metamaterials that will improve the understanding of material-property relations for viscoelastic metamaterials and eventually stimulate the use of 3D-printed polymer metamaterial parts in various applications.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>表征增材制造生产的耗散弹性超材料

Additively manufactured polymers have been widely used for producing elastic metamaterials. The viscoelastic behavior of these polymers at ultrasonic frequencies remains, however, poorly studied. This study reports a protocol to estimate the viscoelastic properties of 3D-printed polymers and show how to use them to analyze the metamaterial dynamics.

表征增材制造生产的耗散弹性超材料 

Viscoelastic behavior can be beneficial in enhancing the unprecedented dynamics of polymer metamaterials or, in contrast, negatively impacting their wave ...

Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings

Intracellular recording is a powerful technique used to determine how a single cell may respond to a given stimulus. In vision research, intracellular recording has historically been a common technique used to study sensitivities of individual photoreceptor cells to different light stimuli that is still being used today. However, there remains a dearth of detailed methodology in the literature for researchers wishing to replicate intracellular recording experiments in the eye. Here we present the insect as a model for examining eye physiology more generally. Insect photoreceptor cells are located near the surface of the eye and are therefore easy to reach, and many of the mechanisms involved in vision are conserved across animal phyla. We describe the basic procedure for in vivo intracellular recording of photoreceptor cells in the eye of a butterfly, with the goal of making this technique more accessible to researchers with little prior experience in electrophysiology. We introduce the basic equipment needed, how to prepare a live butterfly for recording, how to insert a glass microelectrode into a single cell, and finally the recording procedure itself. We also explain the basic analysis of raw response data for determining spectral sensitivity of individual cell types. Although our protocol focuses on determining spectral sensitivity, other stimuli (e.g., polarized light) and variations of the method are applicable to this setup.

Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings

The electrophysiological technique of intracellular recording is demonstrated and used to determine spectral sensitivities of single photoreceptor cells in the compound eye of a butterfly.

光感受器细胞光谱灵敏度在从昆虫模型决定<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;细胞内记录

Intracellular recording is a powerful technique used to determine how a single cell may respond to a given stimulus. In vision research, intracellular ...

数据采集协议确定嵌入式灵敏度功能

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

合并多个数据采集系统来研究皮质输出和多段生物力学

混频磁探测仪在平面样品成像磁性微粒

腺苷酸环化酶的药物引起的过敏性：含量简化和小型化的小分子和siRNA筛选应用

电动细胞基质阻抗传感的内皮细胞增殖，屏障功能的定量和能动性

2.4 GHz 波段人体磨损剂量计暴露条件的有效分析

与复用电子检测的粒子的空间跟踪微流体平台

表征增材制造生产的耗散弹性超材料

表征增材制造生产的耗散弹性超材料

表征增材制造生产的耗散弹性超材料

光感受器细胞光谱灵敏度在从昆虫模型决定

数据采集​​协议确定嵌入式灵敏度功能

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

合并多个数据采集系统来研究皮质输出和多段生物力学

混频磁探测仪在平面样品成像磁性微粒

腺苷酸环化酶的药物引起的过敏性：含量简化和小型化的小分子和siRNA筛选应用

电动细胞基质阻抗传感的内皮细胞增殖，屏障功能的定量和能动性

2.4 GHz 波段人体磨损剂量计暴露条件的有效分析

与复用电子检测的粒子的空间跟踪微流体平台

表征增材制造生产的耗散弹性超材料

表征增材制造生产的耗散弹性超材料

表征增材制造生产的耗散弹性超材料

光感受器细胞光谱灵敏度在从昆虫模型决定

数据采集协议确定嵌入式灵敏度功能