19.4 : 芳基和杂环胺的命名法

Phenylamine—the simplest aryl amine, and its derivatives are known by their common names, with prefixes o-, m- , and p- used to indicate the point of substitution.

Systematic nomenclature refers to them as derivatives of aniline. The ring is numbered from the carbon atom bearing the –NH₂ group and continues in the direction to give the lowest locant to the substituent.

For more substituted aryl amines, the first point of difference is assigned the lowest locant, and the substituents are listed alphabetically.

Secondary and tertiary aryl amines are named N-substituted anilines.

Saturated and unsaturated heterocyclic amines have specific names based on the ring size and the heteroatoms present.

The numbering starts at the N atom or the heteroatom with the highest atomic weight and continues in the direction to give the lowest locant to the other heteroatom.

Alternatively, prefixes aza- or diaza- along with the locants, indicate the number of N atoms in the ring.