<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>探索母体运动对大鼠后代健康的益处

<ol>
	<li>Hanson, M. A., Gluckman, P. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+developmental+conditioning+of+later+health+and+disease:+Physiology+or+pathophysiology.">Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: Physiology or pathophysiology.</a> Physiol Rev. 94 (4), 1027-1076 (2014).</li><li>Calkins, K., Devaskar, S. U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fetal+origins+of+adult+disease.">Fetal origins of adult disease.</a> Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 41 (6), 158-176 (2011).</li><li>Chavatte-Palmer, P., Tarrade, A., Rousseau-Ralliard, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diet+before+and+during+pregnancy+and+offspring+health:+The+importance+of+animal+models+and+what+can+be+learned+from+them.">Diet before and during pregnancy and offspring health: The importance of animal models and what can be learned from them.</a> Int J Environ Res Public Health. 13 (6), 586 (2016).</li><li>Lapehn, S., Paquette, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+placental+epigenome+as+a+molecular+link+between+prenatal+exposures+and+fetal+health+outcomes+through+the+dohad+hypothesis.">The placental epigenome as a molecular link between prenatal exposures and fetal health outcomes through the dohad hypothesis.</a> Curr Environ Health Rep. 9 (3), 490-501 (2022).</li><li>Shrestha, A., Prowak, M., Berlandi-Short, V. M., Garay, J., Ramalingam, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maternal+obesity:+A+focus+on+maternal+interventions+to+improve+health+of+offspring.">Maternal obesity: A focus on maternal interventions to improve health of offspring.</a> Front Cardiovasc Med. 8, 696812 (2021).</li><li>Haire-Joshu, D., Tabak, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preventing+obesity+across+generations:+Evidence+for+early+life+intervention.">Preventing obesity across generations: Evidence for early life intervention.</a> Annu Rev Public Health. 37, 253-271 (2016).</li><li>Kusuyama, J., Alves-Wagner, A. B., Makarewicz, N. S., Goodyear, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+maternal+and+paternal+exercise+on+offspring+metabolism.">Effects of maternal and paternal exercise on offspring metabolism.</a> Nat Metab. 2 (9), 858-872 (2020).</li><li>Blaize, A. N., Pearson, K. J., Newcomer, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+maternal+exercise+during+pregnancy+on+offspring+chronic+disease+susceptibility.">Impact of maternal exercise during pregnancy on offspring chronic disease susceptibility.</a> Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 43 (4), 198-203 (2015).</li><li>Hinman, S. K., Smith, K. B., Quillen, D. M., Smith, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exercise+in+pregnancy:+A+clinical+review.">Exercise in pregnancy: A clinical review.</a> Sports Health. 7 (6), 527-531 (2015).</li><li>Acog committee. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physical+activity+and+exercise+during+pregnancy+and+the+postpartum+period:+Acog+committee+opinion,+number+804.">Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy and the postpartum period: Acog committee opinion, number 804.</a> Obstet Gynecol. 135 (4), e178-e188 (2020).</li><li>Poole, D. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+animal+exercise+and+training+protocols+for+cardiovascular+studies.">Guidelines for animal exercise and training protocols for cardiovascular studies.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 318 (5), H1100-H1138 (2020).</li><li>Beleza, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-paced+free-running+wheel+mimics+high-intensity+interval+training+impact+on+rats'+functional,+physiological,+biochemical,+and+morphological+features.">Self-paced free-running wheel mimics high-intensity interval training impact on rats' functional, physiological, biochemical, and morphological features.</a> Front Physiol. 10, 593 (2019).</li><li>August, P. M., Rodrigues, K. D. S., Klein, C. P., Dos Santos, B. G., Matt&#233;, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+gestational+exercise+practice+and+litter+size+reduction+on+maternal+care.">Influence of gestational exercise practice and litter size reduction on maternal care.</a> Neurosci Lett. 741, 135454 (2021).</li><li>Li, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prenatal+exercise+reprograms+the+development+of+hypertension+progress+and+improves+vascular+health+in+shr+offspring.">Prenatal exercise reprograms the development of hypertension progress and improves vascular health in shr offspring.</a> Vascul Pharmacol. 139, 106885 (2021).</li><li>Li, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exercise+during+pregnancy+enhances+vascular+function+via+epigenetic+repression+of+ca(v)1.2+channel+in+offspring+of+hypertensive+rats.">Exercise during pregnancy enhances vascular function via epigenetic repression of ca(v)1.2 channel in offspring of hypertensive rats.</a> Life Sci. 231, 116576 (2019).</li><li>Musial, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exercise+alters+the+molecular+pathways+of+insulin+signaling+and+lipid+handling+in+maternal+tissues+of+obese+pregnant+mice.">Exercise alters the molecular pathways of insulin signaling and lipid handling in maternal tissues of obese pregnant mice.</a> Physiol Rep. 7 (16), e14202 (2019).</li><li>Dos Santos, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resistance+exercise+was+safe+for+the+pregnancy+and+offspring's+development+and+partially+protected+rats+against+early+life+stress-induced+effects.">Resistance exercise was safe for the pregnancy and offspring's development and partially protected rats against early life stress-induced effects.</a> Behav Brain Res. 445, 114362 (2023).</li><li>Barnes, M. D., Heaton, T. L., Goates, M. C., Packer, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intersystem+implications+of+the+developmental+origins+of+health+and+disease:+Advancing+health+promotion+in+the+21st+century.">Intersystem implications of the developmental origins of health and disease: Advancing health promotion in the 21st century.</a> Healthcare. 4 (3), 45 (2016).</li><li>Bakrania, B. A., George, E. M., Granger, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+preeclampsia:+Investigating+pathophysiology+and+therapeutic+targets.">Animal models of preeclampsia: Investigating pathophysiology and therapeutic targets.</a> Am J Obstet Gynecol. 226, S973-S987 (2022).</li><li>Ferrari, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exercise+during+pregnancy+and+its+impact+on+mothers+and+offspring+in+humans+and+mice.">Exercise during pregnancy and its impact on mothers and offspring in humans and mice.</a> J Dev Orig Health Dis. 9 (1), 63-76 (2018).</li><li>Lerman, L. O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+of+hypertension:+A+scientific+statement+from+the+american+heart+association.">Animal models of hypertension: A scientific statement from the american heart association.</a> Hypertension. 73 (6), e87-e120 (2019).</li><li>Mangwiro, Y. T. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exercise+initiated+during+pregnancy+in+rats+born+growth+restricted+alters+placental+mtor+and+nutrient+transporter+expression.">Exercise initiated during pregnancy in rats born growth restricted alters placental mtor and nutrient transporter expression.</a> J Physiol. 597 (7), 1905-1918 (2019).</li><li>Kim, H., Lee, S. H., Kim, S. S., Yoo, J. H., Kim, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+influence+of+maternal+treadmill+running+during+pregnancy+on+short-term+memory+and+hippocampal+cell+survival+in+rat+pups.">The influence of maternal treadmill running during pregnancy on short-term memory and hippocampal cell survival in rat pups.</a> Int J Dev Neurosci. 25 (4), 243-249 (2007).</li><li>Harris, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exercise-induced+3'-sialyllactose+in+breast+milk+is+a+critical+mediator+to+improve+metabolic+health+and+cardiac+function+in+mouse+offspring.">Exercise-induced 3'-sialyllactose in breast milk is a critical mediator to improve metabolic health and cardiac function in mouse offspring.</a> Nat Metab. 2 (8), 678-687 (2020).</li><li>Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maternal+exercise+represses+nox4+via+sirt1+to+prevent+vascular+oxidative+stress+and+endothelial+dysfunction+in+shr+offspring.">Maternal exercise represses nox4 via sirt1 to prevent vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in shr offspring.</a> Front Endocrinol. 14, 1219194 (2023).</li><li>Shan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maternal+exercise+upregulates+the+DNA+methylation+of+agtr1a+to+enhance+vascular+function+in+offspring+of+hypertensive+rats.">Maternal exercise upregulates the DNA methylation of agtr1a to enhance vascular function in offspring of hypertensive rats.</a> Hypertens Res. 46 (3), 654-666 (2023).</li></ol>

<table><tbody><tr><td>Caliper</td><td>Mitutoyo Measuring Instruments (Shanghai) Co., Ltd</td><td>530-101 N15</td><td>Fetus dissect</td></tr><tr><td>Circular water bucket</td><td>Naliya</td><td>N/A</td><td>Rat swimming</td></tr><tr><td>Experimental Surgical Instrument&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Shenzhen RWD Life Technology Co., LTD</td><td>SP0001-G</td><td>Fetus dissect</td></tr><tr><td>Glass Microscope Slides</td><td>Jiangsu Shitai experimental equipment Co., LTD</td><td>80312-3161</td><td>Vaginal smear</td></tr><tr><td>Glass petri dish</td><td>Merck Life Technologies</td><td>BR455751-10EA</td><td>Offspring rearing</td></tr><tr><td>Hairdryer</td><td>Panasonic</td><td>EH-WNE5H</td><td>Post-swimming care</td></tr><tr><td>Information Card</td><td>Zhongke Life Science</td><td>SS3</td><td>Rat mating</td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane</td><td>Shenzhen RWD Life Technology Co., LTD</td><td>R510-22-10</td><td>Fetus dissect</td></tr><tr><td>Light microscope</td><td>Olympus</td><td>IX71-F22PH</td><td>Vaginal smear</td></tr><tr><td>Mating cage</td><td>Zhongke Life Science</td><td>SS3</td><td>Rat mating</td></tr><tr><td>Medical Absorbent Cotton</td><td>Hongxiang Sanitary Materials Co., LTD</td><td>N/A</td><td>The pregnant rats are anticipating giving birth</td></tr><tr><td>Rodent Anesthesia Machine, Gas Anesthesia</td><td>Shenzhen RWD Life Technology Co., LTD</td><td>R500IE</td><td>Fetus dissect</td></tr><tr><td>Rodent breeding feed</td><td>Beijing Huafukang Biotechnology Co., LTD</td><td>1032</td><td>Pregnant rat feeding</td></tr><tr><td>Rodent maintenance feed</td><td>Beijing Huafukang Biotechnology Co., LTD</td><td>1022</td><td>Offspring rearing</td></tr><tr><td>Rodent sunflower seeds</td><td>Jolly</td><td>JP241</td><td>Nutritional supplement</td></tr><tr><td>Soundproof cotton</td><td>Kufu Medical Instrument</td><td>N/A</td><td>The pregnant rats are anticipating giving birth</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile Cotton Swab (2 mm diameter)</td><td>Kufu Medical Instrument</td><td>N/A</td><td>Vaginal smear</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile gauze</td><td>Kufu Medical Instrument</td><td>N/A</td><td>Fetus dissect</td></tr><tr><td>Stroke-physiological Saline Solution (0.9% NaCl)</td><td>Shandong Hualu Pharmaceutical Co., LTD</td><td>N/A</td><td>Vaginal smear</td></tr><tr><td>Thermometer</td><td>Beekman organism</td><td>N/A</td><td>The monitoring of rat swimming</td></tr><tr><td>Towels</td><td>Grace</td><td>N/A</td><td>Post-swimming care</td></tr><tr><td>Transparent plastic container</td><td>Naliya</td><td>N/A</td><td>Swimming adaptive training</td></tr><tr><td>Ultraviolet light</td><td>Merck Life Technologies</td><td>Z169633-1EA</td><td>Post-swimming care</td></tr><tr><td>Water heater</td><td>Haier</td><td>EC6001-Q6S</td><td>Rat swimming</td></tr><tr><td>Weight Scale</td><td>Electronlc Acale</td><td>JM.A10001</td><td>Body weight measurement</td></tr><tr><td>Wistar Rats</td><td>Vital river Laboratory Animal Technology Co., LTD</td><td>N/A</td><td>Experiment</td></tr></tbody></table>

swimming exercise protocol and care methods for pregnant rats

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Author Spotlight: Enhancing Offspring Health with Maternal Exercise During Pregnancy at JoVE.com

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:怀孕期间通过母体运动增强大鼠的后代健康

怀孕大鼠的游泳锻炼方案和护理方法

The developmental origins of health and disease concept highlights the impact of early environments on chronic non-communicable diseases like diabetes, ...

swimming-exercise-protocol-and-care-methods-for-pregnant-rats

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Swimming Exercise Protocol and Care Methods for Pregnant Rats

634 次观看.  Beijing Sport University. 我们的研究描述了大鼠的繁殖方法。产前游泳训练产生大鼠和繁殖后护理方案，这将对运动生理学和围产期生物学的研究人员有很大帮助。随着怀孕的进展和大鼠腹部的肿胀，治疗和定期锻炼可能会导致腹部反复接触坚硬的表面。相比之下，游泳运动方案中的水环境提供浮力，降低了怀孕动物因运动而受伤的风险。母亲肥胖会导致后代心血管和...

视频: 作者聚焦:怀孕期间通过母体运动增强大鼠的后代健康

Training Rats to Voluntarily Dive Underwater: Investigations of the Mammalian Diving Response

Underwater submergence produces autonomic changes that are observed in virtually all diving animals. This reflexly-induced response consists of apnea, a parasympathetically-induced bradycardia and a sympathetically-induced alteration of vascular resistance that maintains blood flow to the heart, brain and exercising muscles. While many of the metabolic and cardiorespiratory aspects of the diving response have been studied in marine animals, investigations of the central integrative aspects of this brainstem reflex have been relatively lacking. Because the physiology and neuroanatomy of the rat are well characterized, the rat can be used to help ascertain the central pathways of the mammalian diving response. Detailed instructions are provided on how to train rats to swim and voluntarily dive underwater through a 5 m long Plexiglas maze. Considerations regarding tank design and procedure room requirements are also given. The behavioral training is conducted in such a way as to reduce the stressfulness that could otherwise be associated with forced underwater submergence, thus minimizing activation of central stress pathways. The training procedures are not technically difficult, but they can be time-consuming. Since behavioral training of animals can only provide a model to be used with other experimental techniques, examples of how voluntarily diving rats have been used in conjunction with other physiological and neuroanatomical research techniques, and how the basic training procedures may need to be modified to accommodate these techniques, are also provided. These experiments show that voluntarily diving rats exhibit the same cardiorespiratory changes typically seen in other diving animals. The ease with which rats can be trained to voluntarily dive underwater, and the already available data from rats collected in other neurophysiological studies, makes voluntarily diving rats a good behavioral model to be used in studies investigating the central aspects of the mammalian diving response.

Detailed instructions are provided on how to train rats to voluntarily dive underwater through a 5 m long Plexiglas maze. Because the brains of rats have been very well characterized, voluntarily diving rats may help elucidate the central pathways of the mammalian diving response.

训练大鼠自愿潜水水下:哺乳动物潜水响应调查

Underwater submergence produces autonomic changes that are observed in virtually all diving animals. This reflexly-induced response consists of apnea, a ...

科研

行为学

Protocol for Studying Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Naturally Cycling Female Rats

Extinction of conditioned fear has been extensively studied in male rodents. Recently, there have been an increasing number of studies indicating that neural mechanisms for certain behavioral tasks and response behaviors are different in females and males. Using females in research studies can represent a challenge because of the variation of gonadal hormones during their estrous cycle. This protocol describes well-established procedures that are useful in investigating the role of estrogen in fear extinction memory consolidation in female rats. Phase of the estrous cycle and exogenous estrogen administration prior to extinction training can influence extinction recall 24 hr later. The vaginal swabbing technique for estrous phase identification described here aids the examination and manipulation of naturally cycling gonadal hormones. The use of this basic rodent model may further delineate the mechanisms by which estrogen can modulate fear extinction memory in females.

Gonadal hormones such as estrogen modulate memory formation in a number of experimental paradigms including fear extinction memory. This protocol describes a set of methods for investigating the influence of gonadal hormones specifically during extinction in naturally cycling females, including estrous cycle monitoring and exogenous estrogen administration.

协议在骑自行车自然雌性大鼠学习条件性恐惧灭绝

Extinction of conditioned fear has been extensively studied in male rodents. Recently, there have been an increasing number of studies indicating that ...

Moderate Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Quantification of Social Behavior in Adult Rats

Alterations in social behavior are among the major negative consequences observed in children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Several independent laboratories have demonstrated robust alterations in the social behavior of rodents exposed to alcohol during brain development across a wide range of exposure durations, timing, doses, and ages at the time of behavioral quantification. Prior work from this laboratory has identified reliable alterations in specific forms of social interaction following moderate prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in the rat that persist well into adulthood, including increased wrestling and decreased investigation. These behavioral alterations have been useful in identifying neural circuits altered by moderate PAE1, and may hold importance for progressing toward a more complete understanding of the neural bases of PAE-related alterations in social behavior. This paper describes procedures for performing moderate PAE in which rat dams voluntarily consume ethanol or saccharin (control) throughout gestation, and measurement of social behaviors in adult offspring.

The goal of the protocol presented here is to describe procedures to expose rats to moderate levels of alcohol during prenatal brain development and to quantify resulting alterations in social behavior during adulthood.

适度的产前酒精暴露在成年大鼠社会行为的量化

Alterations in social behavior are among the major negative consequences observed in children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Several ...

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior

The goal of the present protocol is to describe the forced swim test (FST), which is one of the most commonly used assays for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. The FST is based on the assumption that when placing an animal in a container filled with water, it will first make efforts to escape but eventually will exhibit immobility that may be considered to reflect a measure of behavioral despair. This test has been extensively used because it involves the exposure of the animals to stress, which was shown to have a role in the tendency for major depression. Additionally, the FST has been shown to share some of the factors that are influenced or altered by depression in humans, including changes in food consumption, sleep abnormalities and drug-withdrawal-induced anhedonia. The main advantages of this procedure are that it is relatively easy to perform and that its results are easily and quickly analyzed. Moreover, its sensitivity to a broad range of antidepressant drugs that makes it a suitable screening test is one of the most important features leading to its high predictive validity. Despite its appeal, this model has a number of disadvantages. First, the issue of chronic augmentation is problematic in this test because in real life patients need to be treated for at least several weeks before they experience any relief from their symptoms. Last, due to the aversiveness of the FST, it is important to take into account possible influences it might have on brain structure/function if brain analyses are to be carried out following this procedure.

This protocol describes the forced swim test, which is used for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. This procedure involves placing an animal in a container filled with water that eventually will lead to the exhibition of immobility behavior, which is considered to reflect behavioral despair.

在强迫游泳试验作为抑郁样行为的模型

The goal of the present protocol is to describe the forced swim test (FST), which is one of the most commonly used assays for the study of depressive-like ...

Neurodevelopmental Reflex Testing in Neonatal Rat Pups

Neurodevelopmental reflex testing is commonly used in clinical practice to assess the maturation of the nervous system. Neurodevelopmental reflexes are also referred to as primitive reflexes. They are sensitive and consistent with later outcomes. Abnormal reflexes are described as an absence, persistence, reappearance, or latency of reflexes, which are predictive indices of infants that are at high risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Animal models of neurodevelopmental disabilities, such as cerebral palsy, often display aberrant developmental reflexes, as would be observed in human infants. The techniques described assess a variety of neurodevelopmental reflexes in neonatal rats. Neurodevelopmental reflex testing offers the investigator a testing method that is not otherwise available in such young animals. The methodology presented here aims to assist investigators in examining developmental milestones in neonatal rats as a method of detecting early-onset brain injury and/or determining the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. The methodology presented here aims to provide a general guideline for investigators.

Behavioral testing is the gold standard for determining outcomes following brain injury, and can identify the presence of developmental disabilities in infants and children. Neurodevelopmental reflexes are an early indicator of these abnormalities. A host of easily accomplished developmental reflex tests in the neonatal rodent were developed and described here.

神经发育复检新生幼鼠

Neurodevelopmental reflex testing is commonly used in clinical practice to assess the maturation of the nervous system. Neurodevelopmental reflexes are ...

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a term that encompasses the central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities associated with preterm birth. To best advance translational objectives and uncover new therapeutic strategies for brain injury associated with preterm birth, preclinical models of EoP must include similar mechanisms of prenatal global injury observed in humans and involve multiple components of the maternal-placental-fetal system. Ideally, models should produce a similar spectrum of functional deficits in the mature animal and recapitulate multiple aspects of the pathophysiology. To mimic human systemic placental perfusion defects, placental underperfusion and/or chorioamnionitis associated with pathogen-induced inflammation in early preterm birth, we developed a model of prenatal transient systemic hypoxia-ischemia (TSHI) combined with intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In pregnant Sprague Dawley rats, TSHI via uterine artery occlusion on embryonic day 18 (E18) induces a graded placental underperfusion defect associated with increasing CNS damage in the fetus. When combined with intra-amniotic LPS injections, placental inflammation is increased and CNS damage is compounded with associated white matter, gait and imaging abnormalities. Prenatal TSHI and TSHI+LPS prenatal insults meet several of the criteria of an EoP model including recapitulating the intrauterine insult, causing loss of neurons, oligodendrocytes and axons, loss of subplate, and functional deficits in adult animals that mimic those observed in children born extremely preterm. Moreover, this model allows for the dissection of inflammation induced by divergent injury types.

Encephalopathy of prematurity encompasses the central nervous system abnormalities associated with injury from preterm birth. This report describes a clinically relevant rat model of in utero transient systemic hypoxia-ischemia and intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide administration (LPS) that mimics chorioamnionitis, and the related impact of infectious stimuli and placental underperfusion on CNS development.

早产儿脑病建模使用产前缺氧缺血大鼠羊膜腔内毒素

Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a term that encompasses the central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities associated with preterm birth. To best ...

医学

Ultrasonography in Experimental Reproductive Investigations on Rats

With the development of assisted reproductive technology and the ethical limitations of research on humans, rat animal models have been widely used in reproductive medicine. In the past, the study of reproductive system development in rodents has been based on one-time histological examination of excised tissues. Recently, with the development of high-resolution transabdominal ultrasound, high-quality sonography can now be performed to evaluate the reproductive organs of rats, allowing a new method for studying the reproductive system. Images were obtained using a high-resolution ultrasonographic system. Gynecological ultrasonography was performed on 28 eight-week-old non-pregnant rats and 5 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats. We describe how to recognize organs of the reproductive system and associated structures in typical views during different phases of the estrus cycle. Color flow Doppler was used to measure uterine artery blood flow and evaluate uterine blood flow pattern changes during different stages of pregnancy. We have demonstrated that ultrasound exploration is a useful method for evaluating changes in internal reproductive organs. Its use raises the possibility of conducting additional experiments, including medical or surgical procedures, and provides the ability to monitor sonographic changes to internal organs without sacrificing animals.

This manuscript describes the utility of ultrasound performed on female rats to design experimental models for reproductive and gynecological investigation. A step-by-step explanation of how to perform ultrasonographic evaluation is shown.

大鼠实验性生殖研究中的超声检查

With the development of assisted reproductive technology and the ethical limitations of research on humans, rat animal models have been widely used in ...

Developmental Enhancement in Cerebral Palsy Rats via Spinal Manipulations

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a refractory pediatric disease with a high prevalence, high disability rate, and difficult treatment. A variety of treatments are currently used for CP. The treatment involves drug and non-drug therapy. Traditional Chinese medicine external therapy is a very distinctive treatment method in non-drug therapy. As one of the external therapies of traditional Chinese medicine, massage is used in treating cerebral palsy and has good efficacy, small side effects, and strong operability. As a part of TCM external therapy, selective spinal manipulation can effectively promote the growth and development of infant rats with cerebral palsy.The operation was mainly divided into four steps: first, the rubbing method was applied to the spine and both sides of the spine for 1 min. The pressing and kneading method was applied to the spine for 5 min, and the muscles on both sides of the spine for 5 min. Second, pressing and kneading the sensitive local acupoints in the spine for 2 min were performed. Thirdly, the affected limb was treated by twisting method for 1 min. Fourth, the rubbing method was applied to a midline from the forehead to the back of the brain for 1 min. This study aimed to use selective spinal manipulation to treat infant rats with cerebral palsy. The weight, Rotarod test, Foot-fault score, and growth hormone of infant rats with cerebral palsy were detected to understand the effect of selective spinal manipulation on the growth and development of infant rats with cerebral palsy. The results showed that it can promote weight gain, improve balance ability and motor function, promote growth and development of infant cerebral palsy rats, promote growth hormone secretion, and increase the temperature of sensitive parts of the back.

This study illustrates the effect of selective spinal manipulation on the growth and development of infant rats with cerebral palsy, emphasizing the specific procedure and standardized protocol. Body weight measurement, Rotarod test, Foot-fault score, other behavioral tests, and growth hormone detection were performed to evaluate the protocol.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a refractory pediatric disease with a high prevalence, high disability rate, and difficult treatment. A variety of treatments are ...

神经科学

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>为早期产后疼痛研究创建早产大鼠模型

A Preterm Rat Model for Pain Studies

This research delves into the consequences of consistent pinprick stimulation on preterm offspring to ascertain its long-term implications for pain sensitivity. The primary objective of this protocol was to investigate the impact of neonatal pinprick stimuli on the pain threshold in the later stages of life using a preterm rat model. By establishing this model, we aim to advance the research on understanding and managing early postnatal pain associated with prematurity. The findings of this study indicate that while the baseline thresholds to mechanical stimuli remained unaffected, there was a notable increase in mechanical hypersensitivity following complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection in adult rats. Interestingly, compared with male rats, female rats demonstrated heightened inflammatory hypersensitivity. Notably, maternal behavior, the weight of the litters, and the growth trajectory of the offspring remained unchanged by the stimulation. The manifestation of altered nociceptive responses in adulthood after neonatal painful stimuli could be indicative of changes in sensory processing and the functioning of glucocorticoid receptors. However, further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms involved and to develop interventions for the consequences of prematurity and neonatal pain in adults.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>用于疼痛研究的早产大鼠模型

Here, we present a concise protocol for creating a preterm rat model, facilitating research on early postnatal pain management. The method involves performing a cesarean section three days before the expected birth, extracting preterm rat pups via hysterectomy, and integrating them with the biological offspring of a surrogate dam.

用于疼痛研究的早产大鼠模型

This research delves into the consequences of consistent pinprick stimulation on preterm offspring to ascertain its long-term implications for pain ...

怀孕大鼠的游泳锻炼方案和护理方法

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Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations

用于疼痛研究的早产大鼠模型

用于疼痛研究的早产大鼠模型