Name: tactile semiautomatic passive-finger angle stimulator (tspas)
Uploaded: 2020-07-30T12:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 4 min 40 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了日本科学促进会KAKENHI赠款JP17J40084、JP18K15339、JP18H05009、JP18H01411、JP18K18835和JP17K18855的支持。我们还感谢实验室的技术人员（田村洋子）帮助我们制作凸起的角度。

根据冈山大学当地医学伦理委员会的政策，从受试者那里获得了书面知情同意。检测程序得到了冈山大学当地医学伦理委员会的审查和同意。
1. 设备的详细组成和功能
<ol><li>触觉角度刺激<ol>
<li>TSPAS 使用二维 （2D） 凸起的角度被动地滑过皮肤，形成角度的触觉空间表示（图 2）。触觉角度由塑料线和方形基座组成，均由透明丙烯酸板制成。由于构成角度的线是相等和对称的，通过对称地改变线的空间尺寸，可以创建所有类型的凸起平面角度。</li>
		<li>使用铣床，将丙烯酸板切割成两条相等的线（8.0 毫米长、1.5 毫米宽和 1.0 毫米高）对称地沿着假想的比塞克和方形基座（40.0 毫米长宽，3.0 毫米高）。</li>
		<li>将多线粘合到方形底座的中心，以创建 2D 凸起的触觉角度刺激。</li>
		<li>以 2° 增量制作角度尺寸从 50° 到 70° 的碎片。这些角度的终点距离（d，见 图2）为6.8毫米、7.0毫米、7.3毫米、7.5毫米、7.8毫米、8.0毫米（60°角）、8.2毫米、8.5毫米、8.7毫米、8.9毫米和9.2毫米。要将终点距离对角度歧视的影响降低到最低，请使用 60° 角作为参考角度，其他角度作为比较角度。</li>
		<li>组成 20 对被区分的角度，包括 20 个相同的参考角度和 10 对相同的比较角度，其测量的累积度± 0.2°。确保在测试每对时 50% 的时间内先呈现参考角度。该实验可以方便快捷地更新触觉角度刺激。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol><img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/61218/61218fig02.jpg"> 图2:触觉角度刺激示例。 （A） 实验中使用的十个比较角度的参考角（60°）和两个（50°和70°）示例。特别地绘制了参考角度的详细参数。 d 表示终点距离 ，R 表示局部顶点曲率半径 ，r 表示终点曲率半径。（B） 在 3D 中看到的凸起角度示例。从 3D 视图看，凸起线的高度为 1.0 mm。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/61218/61218fig02large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击这里查看此数字的较大版本。</a>
<ol start="2"><li>手板<ol>
<li>为了稳定受试者的手，制作一个垂直于电子幻灯片的手板（图3）。首先，使用铣床，将 5.0 毫米厚的丙烯酸板切成 14.0 厘米 x 22.0 厘米矩形板，然后用胶带和胶水将矩形板固定在底座上（14.0 厘米宽、14.0 厘米长和 8.5 高）。之后，使用铣床，在板的左上角切开一个矩形开口（宽2.5厘米，长5.0厘米）。这仅允许食指接触角度刺激。实验前，用尼龙胶带固定受试者的右手手腕，然后指示受试者在板的开口处轻轻放置右手食指。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol><img alt="Figure 3" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/61218/61218fig03.jpg"> 图3:主体的手位置和触觉角度刺激运动方向。 受试者的右手用尼龙胶带固定，并指示受试者将右手食指放入盘子的开口处。角度刺激被夹在仪器上，由电子滑梯水平移动，被动地滑过指垫。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/61218/61218fig03large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击这里查看此数字的较大版本。</a>
<ol start="3"><li>机动线性滑动<ol>
<li>最大运动距离为 51.0 厘米的电子滑梯使用 5.0 厘米高、5.4 厘米宽和 71.0 厘米长的简单线性运动电机向直向移动（见 材料表），这是一个线性运动系统。将电机连接到个人计算机，使用专用数据编辑软件设置和编辑各种数据（见 材料表）。确保这些设置能够使电子幻灯片在参考点上使用给定速度移动指定距离。当将角度刺激直接从任意位置移动到指定位置时，这是必要的。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>计算机控制系统<ol>
<li>TSPAS 是一个半自动的计算机控制系统。用于控制幻灯片移动的数据编辑软件是基于 PC 的软件，用于编辑机动执行器操作所需的数据。在实验中，将幻灯片的速度设置为 20 mm/s，每次试验的移动距离设置为 80 mm。每次单击按钮时，幻灯片都会像以前设置的那样移动。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. 运行实验
<ol><li>实验前，首先将运动类型设置为"INC"，运动距离为"80 mm"，运动速度为"20 mm/s"，运动功能为"单"，轴为数据编辑软件中的"ID =0"（请参阅 材料表 中的操作手册，了解如何设置参数的说明），以确保电子幻灯片在 80 mm 的距离和 20 mm/s 的速度向前和向后移动，并在其他距离和速度下移动。</li>
	<li>招募手指没有受伤和呼叫的受试者。争取在18-35岁年龄范围内招募同等数量的男性和女性科目。请注意，女性和男性的触觉空间敏锐度以及老、少两个科目25、26之间存在差异。</li>
	<li>蒙住主题，坐在他或她的桌子与仪器（图1）。用尼龙胶带固定受试者的右手，然后指示受试者将右手食指轻轻放在手板的开口处（图3）。</li>
	<li>在幻灯片上夹住一对角度，包括参考角度和比较角度。单击按钮后，对角度滑动总距离为 80 mm。他们被动地以20毫米/s的速度穿过食指板。由于参考角和比较角度之间的距离为 31.8 ± 0.8 mm，因此其间刺激时间间隔约为 1.6 s。</li>
	<li>受试者感知角度的大小后，口头报告两个角度中哪一个较大。如果受试者无法识别哪个角度较大，则他可以指示角度相同。将主题的答案注册为响应数据。之后，下一对角度将以同样的方式不断更换、呈现和感知。</li>
	<li>在正式实验中，总共有10对角度。以伪语顺序呈现每对 10 倍，其中参考角度在 50% 的时间内经过。因此，该实验包含 100 项试验。为了避免食指上出现不舒服的感觉，每次20次试验后，受试者休息3分钟。实验前，每个受试者用其他角度进行10次试验，以熟悉实验过程。实验应该持续40分钟。</li>
</ol>

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作者宣称，他们没有任何相互竞争的利益冲突，财务或其他。

提出了触觉空间敏锐度的新措施，触觉广告。在此系统中，一对角度被动地滑过主体的固定食指板。AD 结合了 GO 和 TPD 的优势，减少了密集提示的影响和单点的神经峰值脉冲速率。研究表明，随着参考角度和比较角度4之间的角度差异的变化，感性歧视逐渐发生变化。除了年龄效应、训练效果和认知障碍诊断监测外，AD9、10、23、触觉AD是触觉空间敏锐性的宝贵尺度。然而，其变异性需要在进一步研究中验证。例如，触觉广告应与其他经验证的触觉空间敏锐度测量相关，如图案或盲文字母歧视7、8。
与其他测量触觉空间感知的方法一样，AD 应用阈值来测量角度可分辨性。出人意料的是，角度歧视阈值越小，角度辨别性越强。在以前的研究中，使用插值方法精确定位阈值值 9，10。虽然该方法不需要假设受试者的行为是使用心理测量功能捕获的，但它只适合比较角度的半尺寸范围的数据。在目前的实验中，为了覆盖整个比较角度的范围，物流曲线被用来计算阈值27，29。由于一半的比较角度小于参考角度，另一半大于参考角度，因此当前方法可以一次适应所有数据点并计算角度歧视阈值。对物流曲线的适合性进行了评估，采用了奇方形测试，发现物流曲线拟合适合28。
要使用 TSPAS 系统进行广告实验，需要注意以下几点:首先，由于 TSPAS 是使用 PC 软件的半自动系统，因此有必要再次验证幻灯片是否可以以实验前设置的速度和距离移动。其次，有必要确定实验过程中受试者是否清醒。因为受试者在实验中戴着眼罩，所以他或她很容易变得困倦。在这种情况下，受试者可能会错过一些信息并做出错误的决定。第三，强制休息也是必要的。如果受试者的指垫长时间受到刺激，指垫可能会适应凸起的角度刺激，并且可能很难区分角度之间的差异。或者长时间的刺激可能会在键盘上引起不舒服的感觉。因此，应严格控制试验和中断的数量。
TSPAS 的当前特征和触觉角度的范围可能会限制测试人员的范围。因此，TSPAS 需要为不同的人群使用不同范围的触觉角度来测量他们的触觉空间敏锐度。例如，由于老年人的广告阈值比9、10岁的年轻人大得多，因此目前 TSPAS 中使用的触觉角度范围无法测量他们的广告阈值。此外，对于那些指垫不能完全感受到触觉角度的个人，TSPAS 根本不有效，因为他们无法通过在指垫上被动滑动来想象触觉角度。女性和男性受试者之间触觉空间的差异也必须记住。未来的项目可能需要大量的修改，以确定触觉角度的范围，用于不同的人群在临床使用。
虽然 TSPAS 可以很好地控制角度刺激的移动速度和距离，但手动传递角度刺激非常耗时，需要实验者6的相当关注和专注。为了消除手动操作的这些缺点，设计了全自动触觉广告系统。开发自动设备的目的是为受控触觉角度应用建立简单、高效和经济实惠的设备。然而，剩下的一个挑战是如何在很短的时间内精确快速地调整各种角度尺寸。希望所描述的AD系统能够被其他人使用和验证，并推动自动触觉测试。

触摸感知是体感觉系统处理的感觉的基本形式，包括触觉感知和触觉感知。被动触觉感知，而不是主动探索，意味着物体被移动，使接触静态皮肤1，2。与其他意义上的触觉一样，触觉中的空间分辨率，也称为触觉空间敏锐度，通常以触觉阈值、检测阈值或歧视阈值2、3表示。在过去的100年里，两分阈值通常被用作触觉空间敏锐度4的衡量标准。然而，许多研究表明，两点阈值是触觉空间能力的无效索引，因为两点歧视（TPD）不能排除非空间线索（例如，如果两点太近，他们可能会找到一个容易引起神经活动增加的单一受体场），并维持一个稳定的响应标准3，4，5。由于TPD的缺点，已经开发了几种新的和有前途的方法作为替代品，如触觉光栅方向（GO）3，6，两点方向歧视5，提高字母识别，间隙检测7，点模式，兰多特C环8，角歧视（AD）9，10。目前，由于操作GO的优势，以及空间结构和使用的刺激的复杂性，GO越来越多地用于测量触觉空间敏锐度11，12，13。
虽然触觉 GO 被认为依赖于底层空间机制，从而产生了对触觉空间敏锐性的可靠测量，但 GO 性能是否部分受非空间提示14的影响（例如，可能提供识别方向刺激差异的提示的密集迹象）仍存在争议。此外，GO仅包括简单的空间定向（即水平和垂直）任务，主要涉及感官处理，这限制了它在探索主体体感觉皮层中的触觉初级处理和触觉高级拥有之间的层次相互作用，涉及后皮层皮层（PPC）和超毛陀螺（SMG）15，16，17。为了弥补这些缺点，触觉广告被开发用于测量触觉空间敏锐度9，10。在 AD 中，一对角度被动地滑过指尖。角度在大小上有所不同，受试者需要确定哪个角度较大。为了始终如一地完成此任务，必须将触觉角度的空间特征表示并存储在工作记忆中，然后进行比较和辨别。因此，触觉广告不仅涉及初级处理，而且涉及对触觉感知的高级认知，如工作记忆和注意力。
与各种线向感知测试一样，在触觉广告中，受试者连续呈现一个参考角度和一个比较角度，并被要求指出哪个角度较大，即18、19、20、21。构成角度的线条长度相等，并沿假想的比塞器对称分布。通过对称地更改线条的空间尺寸，可以创建所有类型的凸起平面角度。因此，这种方法的一个关键优点是，被区分的角度具有相似的空间结构。此外，AD 中获得的空间表示比在 GO 中获得的空间表示更具顺序性。然而，AD阈值提供了证据，证明触觉空间敏锐度足以允许对象22之间的空间歧视。此外，角度的触觉空间感知可以从点到线体验，最终形成一个二维平面角度，其中非空间线索可能只起到很小的作用。
AD 阈值被发现随着年龄的增长而增加，这可能是由于触觉 AD 任务中需要高认知负荷。因此，它可以提供认知障碍诊断9，10的监测机制。虽然广告表现受年龄下降的影响，但通过持续训练或类似的触觉任务训练，可以显著改善青少年的广告表现。此外，fMRI研究表明，延迟匹配到样本的触觉角度任务激活了负责工作记忆的某些皮质区域，如后皮层皮层17，24。这些发现表明，触觉角度歧视是衡量触觉空间敏锐性的有希望的指标，涉及高级认知。在这里，触觉AD设备及其使用被详细描述。其他触觉研究人员可以复制AD设备并将其用于研究。
触觉AD设备，或触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器（TSPAS），使用电子滑梯传达一对角度刺激，被动地滑过皮肤（图1）。受试者的手臂舒适地躺着，俯卧在桌面上。右手放在桌子上的手板上，食指板位于盘子开口的正下方。计算机软件可以控制幻灯片，以固定速度移动幻灯片，并向前和向后移动滑动当滑动向前移动时，角度刺激以固定速度从指尖开始被动地滑过皮肤。当滑动向后移动到其启动位置并更改为另一对角度刺激时，主体需要抬起食指，等待命令在打开时再次轻轻放置。因此，设备以可控的速度、稳定的接触持续时间和恒定的间歇间隔呈现触觉角度刺激。受试者口头报告序列号，实验者将其登记为响应，然后进行下一次试验。
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/61218/61218fig01.jpg"> 图1:TSPAS概述。 设备由四部分组成:1）触觉角度刺激（即参考角和十个比较角度）:2） 固定受试者手部并仅使食指与刺激接触的手板:3） 携带触觉刺激的电子滑块:4） 控制电子幻灯片速度和运动距离的个人计算机 （PC） 控制系统。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/61218/61218fig01large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击这里查看此数字的较大版本。</a>

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tactile semiautomatic passive-finger angle stimulator (tspas)

被动触觉感知是被动和静态感知来自皮肤的刺激信息的能力:例如，感知空间信息的能力是手部皮肤中最强的。这种能力被称为触觉空间敏锐度，由触觉阈值或歧视阈值来衡量。目前，两点阈值被广泛用作触觉空间敏锐性的衡量标准，尽管许多研究表明，两点歧视存在严重缺陷。因此，开发了计算机控制的触觉刺激系统，即触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器（TSPAS），利用触觉角度辨别阈值作为触觉空间敏锐度的新尺度。TSPAS 是一种简单易于操作的系统，在控制运动速度、距离和接触时间的同时，将凸起的角度刺激应用于受试者的被动指垫。TSPAS 的组件详细描述了计算触觉角度歧视阈值的程序。

在这项研究中，3AFC（3替代强制选择）技术和物流曲线用于估计触觉AD阈值。参与者被指示口头报告所感知的两个角度中较大的一个，或者如果他们没有检测到差异，他们可以指示相同的角度。物流曲线的方程，已普遍应用于心理物理实验，以测量阈值27，28，29是:
<img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/61218/61218equ01.jpg">
在此方程中，有两个关键参数，α和β。β代表物流曲线增长，-α/β代表物流曲线中点的X值。
要应用物流曲线来描述 AD 阈值，3AFC 结果必须表示为频率分布，在 图 4中显示为黑色方块。因此，当参考角度小于比较角度时，相同的回答被分为两个:一半被添加到正确的判断中，另一个被添加到不正确，然后修正后的正确回答被转移到速率。当参考角度大于比较角度时，则采取与先前指示相同的步骤，并将修订后的速率降低 1。通过这些步骤，设置了一个坐标系统，其角度表示水平轴，垂直轴表示比较角度大于参考角（图4）的响应比例。在此坐标中，物流曲线可以通过最不方形的方法安装。AD 阈值被定义为角度之间差异的一半，准确率为 25% 和 75%。
<img alt="Figure 4" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/61218/61218fig04.jpg"> 图4:物流曲线适合。 AD 任务中一个主题的精度数据用于使用最不方形的方法来适应物流曲线。黑色正方形表示完成触觉 AD 任务的一个主题的修订速率。固线代表残留物最小时通过最不方形方法获得的物流曲线。虚线表示两点（A 1，0.25）和（A2，0.75），AD阈值为 （A2-A1）/2。安装物流曲线后，获得特定参数（α = 21.40，β = -0.35），并计算了 AD 阈值（3.51°）。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/61218/61218fig04large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击这里查看此数字的较大版本。</a>
为了测试此曲线是否准确，使用奇方形测试对物流曲线的适合程度进行了评估，该测试用于确定观测到的速率与预期速率（即安装物流曲线中的值）之间是否存在显著差异。在这里，空假说指出，观察值和预期值之间没有显著差异。奇方测试的价值使用以下公式确定:
<img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/61218/61218equ02.jpg">
在此方程中，O = 观察值，E = 预期值。
为了测试是否可以拒绝空假设，选择 15% 的重要级别作为截止标准28， 并计算临界值（χ2（8）0.15 = 12.03）。由于有 10 个类别，并且使用均值和标准偏差将数据与物流曲线配合使用，因此有 8 度自由度（10-2）。因此，如果物流曲线的奇方形测试值大于此临界值，则否定了空假说。奇方形测试的值 （2.14） 小于此临界值 （12.03），这表明物流曲线拟合是合适的。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS at JoVE.com

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

呈现的是触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器 TSPAS，这是一种使用计算机控制的触觉刺激系统来评估触觉空间敏锐度和触觉角度辨别的新方法，该系统将凸起角度刺激应用到受试者的被动指垫上，同时控制运动速度、距离和接触时间。

触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器 （TSPAS）

Passive tactile perception is the ability to passively and statically perceive stimulus information coming from the skin; for example, the ability to ...

tactile-semiautomatic-passive-finger-angle-stimulator-tspas

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator (TSPAS)

2.8K 次观看.  Okayama University. 呈现的是触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器 TSPAS，这是一种使用计算机控制的触觉刺激系统来评估触觉空间敏锐度和触觉角度辨别的新方法，该系统将凸起角度刺激应用到受试者的被动指垫上，同时控制运动速度、距离和接触时间。

视频: Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects

Tests that allow the precise determination of psychophysical thresholds for vibration and grating orientation provide valuable information about mechanosensory function that are relevant for clinical diagnosis as well as for basic research. Here, we describe two psychophysical tests designed to determine the vibration detection threshold (automated system) and tactile spatial acuity (handheld device). Both procedures implement a two-interval forced-choice and a transformed-rule up and down experimental paradigm. These tests have been used to obtain mechanosensory profiles for individuals from distinct human cohorts such as twins or people with sensorineural deafness.

Here, we present protocols to determine vibration detection thresholds and tactile acuity using psychophysical methods in man.

振动检测阈值和触觉敏锐的空间在人类受试者的测量

Tests that allow the precise determination of psychophysical thresholds for vibration and grating orientation provide valuable information about ...

科研

行为学

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

During motor behaviour, humans interact with the environment by for example manipulating objects and this is only possible because sensory feedback is constantly integrated into the central nervous system and these sensory inputs need to be weighted in order meet the task specific goals. Additional feedback presented as augmented feedback was shown to have an impact on motor control and motor learning. A number of studies investigated whether force or position feedback has an influence on motor control and neural activation. However, as in the previous studies the presentation of the force and position feedback was always identical, a recent study assessed whether not only the content but also the interpretation of the feedback has an influence on the time to fatigue of a sustained submaximal contraction and the (inhibitory) activity of the primary motor cortex using subthreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation. This paper describes one possible way to investigate the influence of the interpretation of feedback on motor behaviour by investigating the time to fatigue of submaximal sustained contractions together with the neuromuscular adaptations that can be investigated using surface EMG. Furthermore, the current protocol also describes how motor cortical (inhibitory) activity can be investigated using subthreshold TMS, a method known to act solely on the cortical level. The results show that when participants interpret the feedback as position feedback, they display a significantly shorter time to fatigue of a submaximal sustained contraction. Furthermore, subjects also displayed an increased inhibitory activity of the primary cortex when they believed to receive position feedback compared when they believed to receive force feedback. Accordingly, the results show that interpretation of feedback results in differences on a behavioural level (time to fatigue) that is also reflected in interpretation-specific differences in the amount of inhibitory M1 activity.

Controlling an identical movement with position or force feedback results in different neural activation and motor behavior. This protocol describes how to investigate behavioral changes by looking at neuromuscular fatigue and how to evaluate motor cortical (inhibitory) activity using subthreshold TMS with respect to the interpretation of augmented feedback.

力和位置控制人类 - 增强反馈的作用

During motor behaviour, humans interact with the environment by for example manipulating objects and this is only possible because sensory feedback is ...

Testing Tactile Masking between the Forearms

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, usually using stimuli that are close together to reveal local interactions. Masking effects have also been demonstrated in which a tactile stimulus alters the perception of a touch at a distant location. Such effects can provide insight into how components of the body's representations in the brain may be linked. Occasional reports have indicated that touches on one hand or forearm can affect tactile sensitivity at corresponding contralateral locations. To explore the matching of corresponding points across the body, we can measure the spatial tuning and effect of posture on contralateral masking. Careful controls are required to rule out direct effects of the remote stimulus, for example by mechanical transmission, and also attention effects in which thresholds may be altered by the participant's attention being drawn away from the stimulus of interest. The use of this technique is beneficial as a behavioural measure for exploring which parts of the body are functionally connected and whether the two sides of the body interact in a somatotopic representation. This manuscript describes a behavioural protocol that can be used for studying contralateral tactile masking.

Here we explore contralateral tactile masking between the forearms in which tactile detection thresholds are modulated by vibration applied to a remote site. The details of which remote sites have an effect can tell us about how the body is represented in the brain.

前臂之间的测试触觉掩蔽

Masking, in which one stimulus affects the detection of another, is a classic technique that has been used in visual, auditory, and tactile research, ...

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

Electrical stimulation (EStim) refers to the application of electrical current to muscles or nerves in order to achieve functional and therapeutic goals. It has been extensively used in various clinical settings. Based upon recent discoveries related to the systemic effects of voluntary breathing and intrinsic physiological interactions among systems during voluntary breathing, a new EStim protocol, Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim), has been developed to augment the effects of electrical stimulation. In BreEStim, a single-pulse electrical stimulus is triggered and delivered to the target area when the airflow rate of an isolated voluntary inspiration reaches the threshold. BreEStim integrates intrinsic physiological interactions that are activated during voluntary breathing and has demonstrated excellent clinical efficacy. Two representative applications of BreEStim are reported with detailed protocols: management of post-stroke finger flexor spasticity and neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury.

Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation BreEStim for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

The purpose is to present a new method, breathing-control electrical stimulation (BreEStim) for management of neuropathic pain and spasticity.

呼吸控制电气的刺激（BreEStim）的神经性疼痛和痉挛的管理

Electrical stimulation (EStim) refers to the application of electrical current to muscles or nerves in order to achieve functional and therapeutic goals. ...

医学

A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception

Proprioception may be the least well measured of all contributors to the neural control of movement. New precise, reliable measures of proprioception are needed for clinical diagnosis of impairment, and to measure outcomes of proprioceptive training. The purpose of this simple, non-invasive method is to temporarily knockdown upper limb proprioception in healthy adults, to an extent that would be useful in the development and testing of upper limb proprioception measures. Knockdown models have two main advantages over studying humans with impaired proprioception: participant availability and the ability to control the extent of impairment across participants. Current published methods of temporary proprioception knockdown of the upper limb, such as ischemic nerve blocks and cryotherapy, are invasive, impractical, or uncomfortable for the participant. Here, vibration over the ulnar groove was used to reduce upper limb proprioception. High frequency vibration may reduce proprioceptive acuity by inhibiting pacinian corpuscle-induced input. The effect of vibration used in this protocol was confirmed using two quantitative measures. This method was simple to administer, comfortable for participants, and practical.

The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate a practical method to temporarily interfere with proprioception in the upper limb of healthy humans.

一种简单无创的上肢本体临时击倒方法

Proprioception may be the least well measured of all contributors to the neural control of movement. New precise, reliable measures of proprioception are ...

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator (TAPS)

Although tactile spatial acuity tests are used in both neuroscience research and clinical assessment, few automated devices exist for delivering controlled spatially structured stimuli to the skin. Consequently, investigators often apply tactile stimuli manually. Manual stimulus application is time consuming, requires great care and concentration on the part of the investigator, and leaves many stimulus parameters uncontrolled. We describe here a computer-controlled tactile stimulus system, the Tactile Automated Passive-finger Stimulator (TAPS), that applies spatially structured stimuli to the skin, controlling for onset velocity, contact force, and contact duration. TAPS is a versatile, programmable system, capable of efficiently conducting a variety of psychophysical procedures. We describe the components of TAPS, and show how TAPS is used to administer a two-interval forced-choice tactile grating orientation test.
Corresponding Author: Daniel Goldreich

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

We describe a computer-controlled device for investigating the sense of touch: the Tactile Automated Passive-finger Stimulator (TAPS). We describe the components of TAPS, and show how TAPS is used to administer a two-interval forced-choice tactile grating orientation test.

自动化被动手指触觉刺激器（TAPS）

Although tactile spatial acuity tests are used in both neuroscience research and clinical assessment, few automated devices exist for delivering ...

生物学

A Simple Stimulatory Device for Evoking Point-like Tactile Stimuli: A Searchlight for LFP to Spike Transitions

Current neurophysiological research has the aim to develop methodologies to investigate the signal route from neuron to neuron, namely in the transitions from spikes to Local Field Potentials (LFPs) and from LFPs to spikes.
LFPs have a complex dependence on spike activity and their relation is still poorly understood1. The elucidation of these signal relations would be helpful both for clinical diagnostics (e.g. stimulation paradigms for Deep Brain Stimulation) and for a deeper comprehension of neural coding strategies in normal and pathological conditions (e.g. epilepsy, Parkinson disease, chronic pain). To this aim, one has to solve technical issues related to stimulation devices, stimulation paradigms and computational analyses. Therefore, a custom-made stimulation device was developed in order to deliver stimuli well regulated in space and time that does not incur in mechanical resonance. Subsequently, as an exemplification, a set of reliable LFP-spike relationships was extracted.
The performance of the device was investigated by extracellular recordings, jointly spikes and LFP responses to the applied stimuli, from the rat Primary Somatosensory cortex. Then, by means of a multi-objective optimization strategy, a predictive model for spike occurrence based on LFPs was estimated.
The application of this paradigm shows that the device is adequately suited to deliver high frequency tactile stimulation, outperforming common piezoelectric actuators. As a proof of the efficacy of the device, the following results were presented: 1) the timing and reliability of LFP responses well match the spike responses, 2) LFPs are sensitive to the stimulation history and capture not only the average response but also the trial-to-trial fluctuations in the spike activity and, finally, 3) by using the LFP signal it is possible to estimate a range of predictive models that capture different aspects of the spike activity.

To elucidate the complex transition from Local Field Potentials (LFPs) to spikes a suitable stimulator for light mechanical peripheral stimuli was built. As an application, the spiking activities recorded from somatosensory cortex were analyzed by a multi-objective optimization strategy. The results demonstrated that the proposed stimulator was able to deliver tactile stimuli with millisecond and millimeter precisions.

一个简单的刺激装置唤起点状触觉刺激：探照灯为LFP到穗转换

Current neurophysiological research has the aim to develop methodologies to investigate the signal route from neuron to neuron, namely in the transitions ...

神经科学

通过增强抓握和手指恢复来彻底改变中风康复

A Flexible Wearable Supernumerary Robotic Limb for Chronic Stroke Patients

In this study, we present a flexible wearable supernumerary robotic limb that helps chronic stroke patients with finger rehabilitation and grasping movements. The design of this innovative limb draws inspiration from bending pneumatic muscles and the unique characteristics of an elephant's trunk tip. It places a strong emphasis on crucial factors such as lightweight construction, safety, compliance, waterproofing, and achieving a high output-to-weight/pressure ratio. The proposed structure enables the robotic limb to perform both envelope and fingertip grasping. Human-robot interaction is facilitated through a flexible bending sensor, detecting the wearer's finger movements and connecting them to motion control via a threshold segmentation method. Additionally, the system is portable for versatile daily use. To validate the effectiveness of this innovation, real-world experiments involving six chronic stroke patients and three healthy volunteers were conducted. The feedback received through questionnaires indicates that the designed mechanism holds immense promise in assisting chronic stroke patients with their daily grasping activities, potentially improving their quality of life and rehabilitation outcomes.

作者聚焦：使用灵活的机器人肢体增强偏瘫患者的抓握能力 

This protocol introduces a flexible wearable supernumerary robotic limb tailored to assist in finger rehabilitation for stroke patients. The design incorporates a bending sensor to facilitate seamless human-robot interaction. Validation through experiments involving both healthy volunteers and stroke patients underscores the efficacy and dependability of the proposed study.

一种用于慢性脑卒中患者的柔性可穿戴编外机器人肢体

In this study, we present a flexible wearable supernumerary robotic limb that helps chronic stroke patients with finger rehabilitation and grasping ...

触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器（TSPAS）

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

振动检测阈值和触觉敏锐的空间在人类受试者的测量

力和位置控制人类 - 增强反馈的作用

前臂之间的测试触觉掩蔽

呼吸控制电气的刺激（BreEStim）的神经性疼痛和痉挛的管理

一种简单无创的上肢本体临时击倒方法

自动化被动手指触觉刺激器（TAPS）

一个简单的刺激装置唤起点状触觉刺激：探照灯为LFP到穗转换

一种用于慢性脑卒中患者的柔性可穿戴编外机器人肢体

一种用于慢性脑卒中患者的柔性可穿戴编外机器人肢体

一种用于慢性脑卒中患者的柔性可穿戴编外机器人肢体

触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器 （TSPAS）

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

振动检测阈值和触觉敏锐的空间在人类受试者的测量

力和位置控制人类 - 增强反馈的作用

前臂之间的测试触觉掩蔽

呼吸控制电气的刺激（BreEStim）的神经性疼痛和痉挛的管理

一种简单无创的上肢本体临时击倒方法

自动化被动手指触觉刺激器（TAPS）

一个简单的刺激装置唤起点状触觉刺激：探照灯为LFP到穗转换

一种用于慢性脑卒中患者的柔性可穿戴编外机器人肢体

一种用于慢性脑卒中患者的柔性可穿戴编外机器人肢体

一种用于慢性脑卒中患者的柔性可穿戴编外机器人肢体

触觉半自动被动手指角刺激器（TSPAS）