13.11 : 通气评估 II：呼吸深度和节奏

Respiratory depth is the measure of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath.

The depth of respiration can be observed by looking at the chest's movement, varying from shallow to deep.

Shallow breaths are harder to notice, with only a tiny amount of air passing through the lungs.

While deep respiration involves full lung expansion and complete exhalation, enabling increased air intake.

Respiratory depth can be described using terms such as apnea, dyspnea, and orthopnea.

Respiratory rhythm is the breathing pattern, including the timing, regularity, and effort of breaths.

The rhythm of respiration can be identified by observing movements in the chest or abdomen.

Diaphragmatic breathing occurs as the diaphragm contracts and relaxes, best observed by watching the stomach.

Women typically use thoracic muscles for breathing, observable through upper chest movements.

Labored respirations involve the accessory muscles of respiration, visible in the neck.

If a foreign object blocks airflow in and out of the lungs, the intercostal spaces retract during inhalation.

A prolonged expiration phase indicates obstructed outward airflow, commonly observed in conditions like asthma.