著者は、国家自然科学基金、中国の (31371390)、状態のハイテク開発プロジェクト (2014AA020702) のプログラムおよび広東省科学技術 (2016B030231001) のプログラムからの研究助成金のサポートを認めます。

すべての動物の仕事は、動物福祉法、制度のガイドラインに従って実施されますされ、機関動物ケアおよび使用委員会、孫逸仙大学によって承認されました。
1. TEM の準備
<ol><li>頚部転位によってマウスを実行し、滅菌手術用はさみとピンセットを使用して舌を削除します。</li>
	<li>3 分、75% エタノールで舌に没頭し、それぞれ舌を入れて 1.5 mL エッペン (EP) 10 mM 滅菌リン酸 1 mL 管バッファー ソリューション (PBS)。 注: すべての次の手順で PBS の濃度はこの手順で濃度と同じです。</li>
	<li>凍結融解によるセル換散:-80 ° c 1 時間、EP チューブで舌を凍結し、3 回 45 分間室温で舌を解凍します。</li>
	<li>手術針を使用して外科的縫合部分にそれぞれの舌を読み込み、滅菌アルミ箔の小片で縫合糸の端をラップします。無菌状態で 75% のエタノールを含む 3.5 cm や 6 cm の培養皿で操作を実行します。 注: 個々 の手術用縫合糸の適切な長さは約 20 cm、アルミ箔の各部分の適切な大きさは 0.3 cm2 (1 × 0.3 cm)。舌は、アルミ箔に近い読み込む必要があります。</li>
	<li>30 s. 実行無菌状態でこの操作のため 3.5 cm や 6 cm の培養皿で 3 ml の滅菌 PBS の各舌をすすいでください。</li>
	<li>超純水水で舌を洗う: 90 μ g/mL の最終的な集中に滅菌超純水の 250 ml 広口瓶の中にアンピシリンを追加。攪拌棒の入ったボトルに舌を入れてください。残りのボトル外縫合部とボトル キャップを締めます。無菌状態でこの操作を実行します。 注: 縫合の巻きつきを考慮した同じ瓶にで 5 舌までを置くことができます。アルミ箔は、舌をオフに滑りを防ぐためにボトルでは縫合糸の端。舌は、ボトルの内側に残り縫合糸の長さを調整することによって、ボトルの底から 2 センチ配置必要があります。このメモはまた 1.8、1.10、1.12、1.16 の手順です。</li>
	<li>マグネチックスターラー 12 h のためにボトルを置きます。</li>
	<li>塩化ナトリウムと舌を洗う: 滅菌 1 の 250 ml 広口瓶の中にアンピシリンを追加 M 塩化ナトリウム 90 μ g/mL の最終的な集中。舌と攪拌棒をボトルに移動します。残りのボトル外縫合部とボトル キャップを締めます。無菌状態でこの操作を実行します。</li>
	<li>マグネチックスターラー 24 h のためにボトルを置きます。</li>
	<li>セル換散によってトリトン X-100: 滅菌の 2% の 250 ml 広口瓶の中に 90 μ g/mL の最終的な集中にアンピシリンを追加 PBS でトリトン X-100。舌と攪拌棒をボトルに移動します。残りのボトル外縫合部とボトル キャップを締めます。無菌状態でこの操作を実行します。</li>
	<li>マグネチックスターラー 48 h のためにボトルを置きます。</li>
	<li>CaCl2/MgCl2舌を洗う: 90 μ g/mL の最終的な集中に滅菌 5 mM CaCl2/MgCl2の 250 ml 広口瓶の中にアンピシリンを追加。舌と攪拌棒をボトルに移動します。残りのボトル外縫合部とボトル キャップを締めます。無菌状態でこの操作を実行します。</li>
	<li>マグネチックスターラー 24 h のためにボトルを置きます。</li>
	<li>DNase によって消化: ハンクの 1 mL 平衡塩類溶液 (HBSS) 各 EP 管を追加。300 の最終的な集中にそれぞれ HBSS に DNase を追加 μ m 各 EP 管、管の外側の縫合部にそれぞれの舌を移動します。無菌状態でこの操作を実行します。 注: は前の手順でボトル内に残る縫合部がこのステップで EP チューブ内も残ることを確認し、前の手順でボトルの外に残る縫合部がこの手順で EP 管の外側もままかどうかを確認します。</li>
	<li>24 h の 37 ° C で EP チューブで舌を孵化させなさい。</li>
	<li>PBS で舌を洗う: 90 μ g/mL の最終的な集中に滅菌 PBS の 250 ml 広口瓶の中にアンピシリンを追加。舌と攪拌棒をボトルに移動します。残りのボトル外縫合部とボトル キャップを締めます。無菌状態でこの操作を実行します。</li>
	<li>マグネチックスターラー 24 h のためにボトルを置きます。</li>
	<li>使用するまで 4 ° C で滅菌 PBS に準備された TEM を格納します。</li>
</ol>2 TSCC の次元 (3 D) 再構成
<ol><li>
静的 TSCC モデルの構築
	<ol>
<li>種子 1.0 x 106 TSCC 単細胞 (Cal27) 3.5 cm 培養皿に。ダルベッコの 3 mL は、イーグルの中/F12 (DF12) 含む 10% 牛胎児血清 (FBS)、90 μ g/mL アンピシリン 90 μ g/mL カナマイシンを変更を追加します。</li>
		<li>2 〜 3 日の 37 ° C で Cal27 細胞を培養します。セルが少なくとも 60% をカバーすることを確認してください、皿の底のエリア。</li>
		<li>Cal27 単層培養皿の上に TEM をロードします。</li>
		<li>28 日の 37 ° C で CO2インキュベーターに皿を置きます。</li>
		<li>毎日、細胞培養プロセスの中に培養液を更新します。インキュベーターの CO2濃度は 5% です。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
攪拌 TSCC モデルの構築
	<ol>
<li>
自作攪拌 minibioreactor の作製
		<ol>
<li>10 mL シリンジのプランジャーを取り出してください。</li>
			<li>ロッドのより低いターミナルのそば (直径 1 cm) 穴を掘り、穴に攪拌棒を読み込みます。</li>
			<li>広口ペットボトルのボトル キャップの中心に穴 (直径 0.5 cm) を掘るし、キャップを介してピストン棒を置きます。</li>
			<li>50 mL の遠心管の半分にカット、ボトル キャップの外側に溶接します。</li>
			<li>釣糸、釣針を結びつけたとロッドをラップすることによって、釣針をロッドに接続します。 注: をロッドで 4 釣針までを接続できます。</li>
			<li>オートクレーブ使用前に、自作の複合体。 注: は、プラスチック製の広口ボトル オートクレーブ滅菌を行います。細胞を培養しながら新しい滅菌プラスチック製の広口ボトルを使用します。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
動的な細胞培養
	<ol>
<li>種子 1.0 x 106 Cal27 単細胞自作 minibioreactor で。10 %fbs、90 μ g/mL アンピシリンと 90 μ g/mL カナマイシンを含む DF12 媒体の 150 mL を追加します。</li>
		<li>TEM をロッドに接続されている釣針を使用して minibioreactor に乗せます。</li>
		<li>ボトル キャップを締めるし、磁性攪拌器に minibioreactor を置きます。7 〜 14 日 37 ° C で CO2インキュベーターで 200 rpm で minibioreactor をアクティブにします。 注: CO2インキュベーターで CO2の濃度は 5% です。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

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著者が明らかに何もありません。

脱 ECM 作製の十分に確立されたプロトコル組織で細胞成分を除去しながらネイティブの ECM 成分を保つべきほぼ完全に21。現在報告されている decellularization プロトコル対流輸送によって細胞を除去する血管を介して血流を必要とする、にもかかわらず機械的攪拌ここで採用した、22の伝統的なシンプルで安価な方法として知られています。,23,24,25,26します。 また、舌 lingualis が豊富です、いくつかの扱いにくい血管を持っているので、このプロトコルは上で説明したその他のプロトコルよりも舌組織に適しています。
さらに、TEM 用この議定書は実施適切な中等度強度 decellularization、破壊又はナトリウム dodecyl 硫酸塩 (のように高強度 decellularization によって引き起こされることがありますベースの膜の分解を避けるSDS) 治療3。ラットとブタ (データは示されていない)、舌で効果的に勤務するプロトコルを加えて、また様々 な種3から舌にメソッドを一般的使用可能性が示唆しています。
それはいくつかの重要なステップまたは結果に直接影響を与えることができるこのプロトコルの詳細があることは注目に値するです。1 つの重要なステップは、DNase によって舌の細胞の消化です。消化時間が十分ではない場合、DNase は効率的に動作しませんが、ほとんど舌の decellularization を達成します。気づいた必要がありますもう一つは、バイオリアクターの回転速度が速すぎる、TEM に損傷を考慮したはずです。また、この操作で滅菌環境はプロトコルでは非常に重要であります。
上記の厳格なルールにもかかわらず TEM 準備のためのプロトコルはある程度調整できます。プロトコルは、TEM の作製には明らかに影響しません示唆している時間よりも数時間以上の純水または PBS で舌を洗浄します。ただし、プロトコルは、TEM の準備に約 1 週間を必要とするのでそれは TEM の即時の要求を満たすことができません。
TEM は、TSCC モデル構築で大きな値を示します。自作 minibioreactor と共に中断された Cal27 細胞は人間 TSCC 病理3に似た TEM およびフォームの類似した浸潤構造にアタッチできます。監視と浸潤・転移 TSCCの生体外の調査のための理想的なモデルと考えられます。モデルは、TSCC に薬物検査の仕事も助かります。これらのすべてを考慮したここで提示されたプロトコルは、TSCC 研究の大きな可能性を有するかもしれない。

舌は嚥下、構音、味など、様々 な重要な機能です。したがって、舌機能障害では、患者の生活の質の1が大きな影響を与える。口腔内の最も一般的な悪性腫瘍は舌扁平上皮癌 (TSCC) アルコールを飲酒や喫煙タバコ2人で通常発生します。
近年では、ほとんど進展は、TSCC に関する基礎的研究で達成されています。効率的な体外研究の欠如は、遺跡の最大の問題の 1 つをモデル化します。したがって、細胞外マトリックス (ECM) は、潜在的な解決策になることが判明します。ECM は、高度に組織化されたマトリックス成分から成る複雑なネットワーク フレームは、ECM のような構造と組成を持つ足場材料なので癌研究主務。脱 ECM は、同じ起源の in vitro、ECM の最も重要な利点であることが判明したから細胞の完全にニッチを提供できます。
ECM は、洗剤や酵素を使用して decellularization を組織から削除されている細胞成分を保持ことができます。脱マトリックスのコラーゲン、フィブロネクチン、ラミニンを含む各種の ECM コンポーネントは、生存、増殖、および3細胞の分化を促進、培養細胞のネイティブの組織のような微小環境を提供します。また、移植の免疫原性は、ECM の細胞成分の有無と最低限のレベルに削減できます。
これまでのところ、脱 ECM の作製方法は、さまざまな組織、器官、心臓4,5,6、7、肝8,9,10 などで試されています。 ,11、肺12,13,14,15,16,17、および腎臓18,19,20します。 ただし、関連研究が見つかりません我々 の知識を最大限に舌で同様の作業をします。
本研究では脱舌の細胞外マトリックス (TEM) は一連の物理・化学・酵素治療により効率的にそして安くを作製しました。TEM は、TSCC 動作と開発のための適切なシミュレーションを示す TSCC体外、要約に使用されました。TEM では、TEM TSCC 研究3で大きな可能性があることを示す組織固有のニッチにセルをガイドする機能のほか、良い生体適合性。ここに示すプロトコルは、病因または TSCC の臨床治療研究の選択肢を提供します。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:891px;" width="891">
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">C57-BL/6J mice</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sun Yat-sen University Laboratory Animal Center</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:264px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HB15-GR-2.5L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sangon Biotech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A501218</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Potassium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sangon Biotech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A100395</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Dibasic Sodium Phosphate</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Guangzhou Chemical Reagent Factory</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BE14-GR-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Potassium Phosphate Monobasic&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sangon Biotech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A501211</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">1.5 mL EP tube</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Axygen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MCT-150-A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ultra-low temperature freezer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">3.5 cm cell culture dish</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">153066</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">6 cm cell culture dish</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Greiner</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">628160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">V900502</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Calcium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">746495</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Magnesium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">449164</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DNase</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D5025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Magnesium sulphate</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sangon Biotech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A601988</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">158968</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S5761</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ampicillin</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A9393</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Kanamycin</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PHR1487</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Surgical suture</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Shanghai Jinhuan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">250 mL wide-mouth bottle</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">SHUNIU</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1407</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Magnetic stirrer</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">AS ONE</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1-4602-32</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">CO2 incubator</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">SHEL LAB</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SCO5A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">10 mL syringe</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Hunan Pingan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">50 mL centrifuge tube</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Greiner</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">227270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Cal27 cell</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Cell Bank</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">U2OS cell</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai Cell Bank</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Human osteosarcoma cell line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DMEM/F12</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D0547</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sodium pyruvate</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P5280</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Hepes free acid</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">BBI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A600264</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">FBS</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SH30084.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">4 &#176;C fridge</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">Haier</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Water purifier</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">ELGA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td style="width:292px;">BLAU</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">717805</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication of tongue extracellular matrix and reconstitution of tongue squamous cell carcinoma in vitro

舌扁平上皮細胞癌 (TSCC)の in vitroの効果的かつ現実的なモデルを構築するためにメソッドの作成された食材脱舌細胞外マトリックス (TEM) TSCC 建設のため機能的な足場を提供します。TEM は、細胞の増殖・分化・細胞の生体外でニッチを提供します。ネイティブの細胞外マトリックス (ECM) と decellularized のマトリックスで保持される生化学的組成の微細構造は、セルを固定の組織固有のニッチを提供します。TEM の作製は、深刻な有機または無機の前処理を伴うデオキシリボヌクレアーゼ (DNase) 消化によって実現できます。このプロトコルは操作が簡単ででき、decellularization の高効率。TEM は、TSCC モデルの構築を可能にする静的または撹拌培養条件下で TSCC 細胞の良好な細胞を示した。自作バイオリアクターは細胞培養のための永続的な撹拌条件にも使われました。TEM を使用して再建された TSCC を示した特性と TSCC 病理臨床に似たプロパティ TSCC 研究の可能性を示唆しています。

TEM の準備のためこのプロトコルは効率的かつ適切なをことが判明します。TEM は、母国語の組織と比較して完璧な decellularization を示した。ヘマトキシリン ・ エオジン (HE) 染色 (図 1A B) によって decellularization の有効性を確認した.染色の結果彼は、TEM (図 1B) の染色性が核の完全な消失を明らかにしました。また、以前の作品から DNA コンテンツの定量化は、DNA が TEM3からほぼ完全に削除されたことを示した。このプロトコルはまた細胞成分 (図 1B) を除去しながら組織の整合性にまれな損傷を示した。
TSCC TEM と自作 minibioreactor (図 2A B) を使用しての 3 D 再構成は、満足のいく結果を達成しました。HE 染色を示した典型的な TSCC 病理学的特性 (図 2C D) を TEM の Cal27 細胞に提示します。攪拌培養条件のセル単一セル移行 (図 2C) 集団の移行 (図 2D) の異なる病変領域を提示しました。静置培養条件、Cal27 細胞はまた、TEM で侵襲的構造を形成が (図 2E) 長い時間がかかった。さらに、ひと骨肉腫細胞株 U2OS は同じ攪拌培養システムにも導入されました。U2OS 細胞培養培地に住むことができる、しかし、tem (図 2F) 彼らは見つかりません。TEM は、異なる腫瘍細胞が繁栄する異なる微小を必要があることを示唆しているがん細胞の種類ごとに異なる生体親和性を示した。
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/57235/57235fig1.jpg"> 図 1: TEM の準備。(A) 彼のマウスから母国語の染色します。スケールバー = 100 μ m。 (B) 彼のマウスから脱 TEM の染色。スケールバー = 100 μ m.<a href="https://cloudflare-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/57235/57235fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版を表示するのにはここをクリックしてください</a>。
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/57235/57235fig2.jpg"> 図 2: TEM による TSCC の再構成します。(自作 minibioreactor の A) の概要。(B) 自作 minibioreactor の TEM の読み込み位置の表示します。(C) 彼は、TEM と 14 日間攪拌培養 TSCC の染色。単一のセルの侵入現象は、黒の矢印で示されます。スケールバー = 50 μ m。 (D) 彼 TEM で 14 日間攪拌培養 TSCC の染色。集団の侵入現象は、黒の矢印で示されます。スケールバー = 50 μ m. (E) 彼 tem TSCC を培養 28 日静の染色します。単一のセルの侵入現象は、黒の矢印で示されます。スケールバー = 100 μ m. (F) 彼 TEM で 14 日間攪拌培養 U2OS 細胞の染色します。スケールバー = 50 μ m.<a href="https://cloudflare-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/57235/57235fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">この図の拡大版を表示するのにはここをクリックしてください</a>。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Tongue Extracellular Matrix and Reconstitution of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Tongue Extracellular Matrix and Reconstitution of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro

舌の細胞外マトリックスと舌扁平上皮癌生体外の再構成の作製

効率的な decellularization による舌の細胞外マトリックス (TEM) の準備のためのメソッドを示しています。TEM は、静的または撹拌培養条件下で舌扁平上皮癌 (TSCC) モデルの復興のため、機能的な足場として使用できます。

In order to construct an effective and realistic model for tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) in vitro, the methods were created to produce ...

fabrication-tongue-extracellular-matrix-reconstitution-tongue

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Fabrication of Tongue Extracellular Matrix and Reconstitution of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro

6.2K ビュー.  Sun Yat-sen University. 効率的な decellularization による舌の細胞外マトリックス (TEM) の準備のためのメソッドを示しています。TEM は、静的または撹拌培養条件下で舌扁平上皮癌 (TSCC) モデルの復興のため、機能的な足場として使用できます。

ビデオ: Fabrication of Tongue Extracellular Matrix and Reconstitution of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Perineural invasion (PNI) is found in approximately 40% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Despite multimodal treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, locoregional recurrences and distant metastases occur at higher rates, and overall survival is decreased by 40% compared to HNSCC without PNI. In vitro studies of the pathways involved in HNSCC PNI have historically been challenging given the lack of a consistent, reproducible assay. Described here is the adaptation of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) assay for the examination of PNI in HNSCC. In this model, DRG are harvested from the spinal column of a sacrificed nude mouse and placed within a semisolid matrix. Over the subsequent days, neurites are generated and grow in a radial pattern from the cell bodies of the DRG. HNSCC cell lines are then placed peripherally around the matrix and invade preferentially along the neurites toward the DRG. This method allows for rapid evaluation of multiple treatment conditions, with very high assay success rates and reproducibility.

Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common feature of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), conferring lower survival rates. Its mechanisms are poorly understood. Utilizing neurites generated from murine dorsal root ganglia confined to a semisolid matrix, the pathways involved in the PNI of HNSCC cell lines can be investigated.

頭頸部扁平上皮癌における神経周囲の浸潤のためのモデル

Perineural invasion (PNI) is found in approximately 40% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Despite multimodal treatment with surgery, ...

がん研究

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) affects &#62; 60,000 people in the United States annually, and ~ 30% of RCC patients have multiple metastases at the time of diagnosis. Metastatic RCC (mRCC) is incurable, with a median survival time of only 18 months. Immune-based interventions (e.g., interferon (IFN) and interleukin (IL)-2) induce durable responses in a fraction of mRCC patients, and multikinase inhibitors (e.g., sunitinib or sorafenib) or anti-VEGF receptor monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are largely palliative, as complete remissions are rare. Such shortcomings in current therapies for mRCC patients provide the rationale for the development of novel treatment protocols. A key component in the preclinical testing of new therapies for mRCC is a suitable animal model. Beneficial features that recapitulate the human condition include a primary renal tumor, renal tumor metastases, and an intact immune system to investigate any therapy-driven immune effector responses and the formation of tumor-induced immunosuppressive factors. This report describes an orthotopic mRCC mouse model that has all of these features. We describe an intrarenal implantation technique using the mouse renal adenocarcinoma cell line Renca, followed by the assessment of tumor growth in the kidney (primary site) and lungs (metastatic site).

Implementation of an orthotopic model of renal cell carcinoma in immunocompetent mice affords the investigator a clinically-relevant system defined by the presence of a primary renal tumor and lung metastases in the same animal. This system can be used to preclinically test a variety of treatments in vivo.

定量的および前臨床治療の縦評価のための転移性腎細胞癌の同系マウスモデル

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) affects &#62; 60,000 people in the United States annually, and ~ 30% of RCC patients have multiple metastases at the time of ...

Four-color Fluorescence Immunohistochemistry of T-cell Subpopulations in Archival Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Human Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Samples

The four-color fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique is a method to quantify cell populations of interest while taking into account their relative distribution and their localization in the tissue. This technique has been extensively applied to study the immune infiltrate in various tumor types. The tumor microenvironment is infiltrated by immune cells that are attracted to the tumor site. Different immune cell populations have been found to play different roles in the tumor microenvironment and to have a different impact on the outcome of disease. This manuscript describes the use of multiparameter fluorescence IHC on oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) as an example. This technique can be extended to other tissue samples and cell types of interest. In the presented study, we analyzed the intraepithelial and stromal compartment of a large OPSCC cohort (n = 162). We focused on total T lymphocytes (CD3+), immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs; i.e., FoxP3+), and T helper 17 (Th17) cells (i.e., IL-17+CD3+) using a nuclear counterstain to distinguish tumor epithelium from stroma. A high number of T cells was found to be correlated with improved disease-free survival in patients with a low number of intratumoral IL-17+ non-T cells. This suggests that IL-17+ non-T cells may be correlated with a poor immune response in OPSCC, which is in agreement with the correlation described between IL-17 and poor survival in cancer patients. Currently, novel multiparameter fluorescence IHC techniques are being developed using up to 7 different fluorochromes and will enable the more precise characterization and localization of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.

Multiparameter fluorescence immunohistochemistry can be used to assess the number, relative distribution, and localization of immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment. This manuscript describes the use of this technique to analyze T-cell subpopulations in oropharyngeal cancer.

ホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋ヒト卵黄扁平上皮癌試料におけるT細胞亜集団の四色蛍光免疫組織化学

The four-color fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique is a method to quantify cell populations of interest while taking into account their ...

Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Current treatment options for advanced and recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) enclose radiation and chemo-radiation approaches with or without surgery. While platinum-based chemotherapy regimens currently represent the gold standard in terms of efficacy and are given in the vast majority of cases, new chemotherapy regimens, namely immunotherapy are emerging. However, the response rates and therapy resistance mechanisms for either chemo regimen are hard to predict and remain insufficiently understood. Broad variations of chemo and radiation resistance mechanisms are known to date. This study describes the development of a standardized, high-throughput in vitro assay to assess HNSCC cell line&#39;s response to various therapy regimens, and hopefully on primary cells from individual patients as a future tool for personalized tumor therapy. The assay is designed to being integrated into the quality-controlled standard algorithm for HNSCC patients at our tertiary care center; however, this will be subject of future studies. Technical feasibility looks promising for primary cells from tumor biopsies from actual patients. Specimens are then transferred into the laboratory. Biopsies are mechanically separated followed by enzymatic digestion. Cells are then cultured in ultra-low adhesion cell culture vials that promote the reproducible, standardized and spontaneous formation of three-dimensional, spheroid-shaped cell conglomerates. Spheroids are then ready to be exposed to chemo-radiation protocols and immunotherapy protocols as needed. The final cell viability and spheroid size are indicators of therapy susceptibility and therefore could be drawn into consideration in future to assess the patients&#39; likely therapy response. This model could be a valuable, cost-efficient tool towards personalized therapy for head and neck cancer.

We describe the evolution of a spheroid-based, three-dimensional in vitro model that enables us to test the current standard of experimental therapy regimens for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma on cell lines, aiming at evaluating therapy susceptibility and resistance on primary cells from human specimens in the future.

治療の頭頸部扁平上皮癌に対する回転楕円体に基づく 3 D 細胞培養モデルのテスト

Current treatment options for advanced and recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) enclose radiation and chemo-radiation approaches with ...

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a debilitating and deadly disease with a high prevalence of recurrence and treatment failure. To develop better therapeutic strategies, understanding tumor microenvironmental factors that contribute to the treatment resistance is important. A major impediment to understanding disease mechanisms and improving therapy has been a lack of murine cell lines that resemble the aggressive and metastatic nature of human HNSCCs. Furthermore, a majority of murine models employ subcutaneous implantations of tumors which lack important physiological features of the head and neck region, including high vascular density, extensive lymphatic vasculature, and resident mucosal flora. The purpose of this study is to develop and characterize an orthotopic model of HNSCC. We employ two genetically distinct murine cell lines and established tumors in the buccal mucosa of mice. We optimize collagenase-based tumor digestion methods for the optimal recovery of single cells from established tumors. The data presented here show that mice develop highly vascularized tumors that metastasize to regional lymph nodes. Single-cell multiparametric mass cytometry analysis shows the presence of diverse immune populations with myeloid cells representing the majority of all immune cells. The model proposed in this study has applications in cancer biology, tumor immunology, and preclinical development of novel therapeutics. The resemblance of the orthotopic model to clinical features of human disease will provide a tool for enhanced translation and improved patient outcomes.

Here we present a reproducible method for developing an orthotopic murine model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Tumors demonstrate clinically relevant histopathological features of the disease, including necrosis, poor differentiation, nodal metastases, and immune infiltration. Tumor-bearing mice develop clinically relevant symptoms including dysphagia, jaw displacement, and weight loss.

腫瘍免疫プロファイル用のマウスおよび治療応答評価における扁平上皮癌細胞の粘膜接種

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a debilitating and deadly disease with a high prevalence of recurrence and treatment failure. To develop ...

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common and a highly aggressive primary bone tumor. It is characterized with anatomic and histologic variations along with diagnostic or prognostic difficulties. OS comprises genotypically and phenotypically heterogeneous cancer cells. Bone microenvironment elements are proved to account for tumor heterogeneity and disease progression. Bone extracellular matrix (BEM) retains the microstructural matrices and biochemical components of native extracellular matrix. This tissue-specific niche provides a favorable and long-term scaffold for OS cell seeding and proliferation. This article provides a protocol for the preparation of BEM model and its further experimental application. OS cells can grow and differentiate into multiple phenotypes consistent with the histopathological complexity of OS clinical specimens. The model also allows visualization of diverse morphologies and their association with genetic alterations and underlying regulatory mechanisms. As homologous to human OS, this BEM-OS model can be developed and applied to the pathology and clinical research of OS.

The bone extracellular matrix (BEM) model for osteosarcoma (OS) is well established and shown here. It can be used as a suitable scaffold for mimicking primary tumor growth in vitro and providing an ideal model for studying the histologic and cytogenic heterogeneity of OS.

骨肉腫に対する三次元骨細胞外マトリックス モデル

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common and a highly aggressive primary bone tumor. It is characterized with anatomic and histologic variations along with ...

Studying Normal Tissue Radiation Effects using Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels

Radiation is a therapy for patients with triple negative breast cancer. The effect of radiation on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of healthy breast tissue and its role in local recurrence at the primary tumor site are unknown. Here we present a method for the decellularization, lyophilization, and fabrication of ECM hydrogels derived from murine mammary fat pads. Results are presented on the effectiveness of the decellularization process, and rheological parameters were assessed. GFP- and luciferase-labeled breast cancer cells encapsulated in the hydrogels demonstrated an increase in proliferation in irradiated hydrogels. Finally, phalloidin conjugate staining was employed to visualize cytoskeleton organization of encapsulated tumor cells. Our goal is to present a method for fabricating hydrogels for in vitro study that mimic the in vivo breast tissue environment and its response to radiation in order to study tumor cell behavior.

This protocol presents a method for decellularization and subsequent hydrogel formation of murine mammary fat pads following ex vivo irradiation.

細胞外マトリックスヒドロゲルを用いた正常組織放射線効果の研究

Radiation is a therapy for patients with triple negative breast cancer. The effect of radiation on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of healthy breast tissue ...

Time-Lapse 2D Imaging of Phagocytic Activity in M1 Macrophage-4T1 Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Cells in Co-cultures

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been identified as an important component for tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to cancer therapies. However, tumor-associated macrophages can be harmful to the tumor depending on the tumor microenvironment and can reversibly alter their phenotypic characteristics by either antagonizing the cytotoxic activity of immune cells or enhancing anti-tumor response. The molecular actions of macrophages and their interactions with tumor cells (e.g., phagocytosis) have not been extensively studied. Therefore, the interaction between immune cells (M1/M2-subtype TAM) and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment is now a focus of cancer immunotherapy research. In the present study, a live cell coculture model of induced M1 macrophages and mouse mammary 4T1 carcinoma cells was developed to assess the phagocytic activity of macrophages using a time-lapse video feature using phase-contrast, fluorescent, and differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy. The present method can observe and document multipoint live-cell imaging of phagocytosis. Phagocytosis of 4T1 cells by M1 macrophages can be observed using fluorescent microscopy before staining 4T1 cells with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE). The current publication describes how to coculture macrophages and tumor cells in a single imaging dish, polarize M1 macrophages, and record multipoint events of macrophages engulfing 4T1 cells during 13 h of coculture.

Macrophage phagocytic activity against cancer cells, specifically 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells, was imaged in this study. The live cell coculture model was established and observed using a combination of fluorescent and differential interference contrast microscopy. This assessment was imaged using imaging software to develop multipoint time-lapse video.

M1マクロファージ-4T1マウス乳腺癌細胞における食細胞活性のタイムラプス2Dイメージング

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been identified as an important component for tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to cancer ...

Comparing Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Model Established in Mouse Kidney and on Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane

Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer. Localized ccRCC has a favorable surgical outcome. However, one third of ccRCC patients will develop metastases to the lung, which is related to a very poor outcome for patients. Unfortunately, no therapy is available for this deadly stage, because the molecular mechanism of metastasis remains unknown. It has been known for 25 years that the loss of function of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene is pathognomonic of ccRCC. However, no clinically relevant transgenic mouse model of ccRCC has been generated. The purpose of this protocol is to introduce and compare two newly established animal models for metastatic ccRCC. The first is renal implantation in the mouse model. In our laboratory, the CRISPR gene editing system was utilized to knock out the VHL gene in several RCC cell lines. Orthotopic implantation of heterogeneous ccRCC populations to the renal capsule created novel ccRCC models that develop robust lung metastases in immunocompetent mice. The second model is the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) system. In comparison to the mouse model, this model is more time, labor, and cost-efficient. This model also supported robust tumor formation and intravasation. Due to the short 10 day period of tumor growth in CAM, no overt metastasis was observed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the collected embryo tissues. However, when tumor growth was extended by two weeks in the hatched chicken, micrometastatic ccRCC lesions were observed by IHC in the lungs. These two novel preclinical models will be useful to further study the molecular mechanism behind metastasis, as well as to establish new, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) toward the development of novel treatments for metastatic ccRCC.

Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma is a disease without a comprehensive animal model for thorough preclinical investigation. This protocol illustrates two novel animal models for the disease: the orthotopically implanted mouse model and the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model, both of which demonstrate lung metastasis resembling clinical cases.

マウス腎臓と鶏絨毛性膜に確立された転移性透明細胞腎細胞癌モデルの比較

Metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of kidney cancer. Localized ccRCC has a favorable surgical outcome. However, ...

Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression

Tumor-stroma interactions play a critical role in the development of lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC). However, understanding how these dynamic interactions contribute to tissue architectural changes observed during tumorigenesis remains challenging due to the lack of appropriate models. In this protocol, we describe the generation of a 3D coculture model using a LUSC primary cell culture known as TUM622. TUM622 cells were established from a LUSC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and have the unique property to form acinar-like structures when seeded in a basement membrane matrix. We demonstrate that TUM622 acini in 3D coculture recapitulate key features of tissue architecture during LUSC progression as well as the dynamic interactions between LUSC cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), including the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). We further adapt our principal 3D culturing protocol to demonstrate how this system could be utilized for various downstream analyses. Overall, this organoid model creates a biologically rich and adaptable platform that enables one to gain insight into the cell-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that promote the disruption of epithelial architectures during carcinoma progression and will aid the search for new therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers.

An in vitro model system was developed to capture tissue architectural changes during lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) progression in a 3-dimensional (3D) co-culture with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). This organoid system provides a unique platform to investigate the roles of diverse tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic changes that modulate the tumor phenotype.

肺扁平上皮癌進行をモデル化する多次元共培養システム

Tumor-stroma interactions play a critical role in the development of lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC). However, understanding how these dynamic interactions ...