この作品は、国家自然科学基金、中国の (許可番 11402221 と 11502224)、状態キー研究所の強烈なパルス放射シミュレーション効果 (SKLIPR1513) と湖南地方キー研究と開発計画 (号によって支えられました。2016 週 2014)。

1. 柔軟な PZT 薄膜の作製
<ol><li>雲母シートから 1 cm x 1 cm のマイカ基板をハサミでカットします。</li>
	<li>この 1 cm x 1 cm のマイカ基板を両面テープを使用して机の上修正します。</li>
	<li>ピンセットを使用して、剥離、雲母の層の所望の厚さ (50 μ m) までマイクロメータで測定します。</li>
	<li>これをたてに貼り付ける銀塗料の薄い層を使用して 5 ' 基板ホルダーにマイカ基板を劈開し、しっかりと雲母基板上に 10 分間ホット プレート上 120 ° C でそれを治します。</li>
	<li>PLD (パルス レーザー蒸着) 基板ホルダーを PLD チャンバーに入れ。</li>
	<li>繰返し率 (例えば、10 Hz) を選択し、レーザーのエネルギー (例えば、300 mJ)。</li>
	<li>集光レンズをセット ポジションに移動します。</li>
	<li>シャッターを開くし、預金 5 nm CoFe2O4 (CFO) [エネルギーをレーザー: 300 mJ、酸素圧力: 50 mTorr、試料温度: 590 ° C、成膜時間: 5 分] 薄膜のレーザー (図 1) をトリガーすることによってバッファー層として。</li>
	<li>20-80 nm SrRuO3 (SRO) を預金 [レーザー エネルギー: 300 mJ、酸素圧力: 100 mTorr、試料温度: 680 ° C、成膜時間: 10-30 分] レーザー (をトリガーすることによってその後の電気的性能テストの下部電極として CFO バッファー層を図 1)。</li>
	<li>150 のデポジット nm PZT [レーザー エネルギー: 300 mJ、酸素圧力: 100 mTorr、試料温度: 650 ° C、成膜時間: 60 分] SRO 下部電極上に薄膜のレーザー (図 1) をトリガーすることによって。</li>
	<li>N2チャンバーを発散し、温度が室内の温度に達したら PZT/マイカ サンプル (図 2) を削除します。</li>
	<li>ガラスの部分にサンプルを置きます。</li>
	<li>サンプルの上に 200 μ m 径のあらかじめデザインされたメッシュを置きます。よくメッシュを修正し、スパッタ室にメッシュのサンプルを置きます。</li>
	<li>使用 DC スパッタ 10 mA、8 mbar (6 分) フィルムに Pt 上部電極を入金します。スパッタリングした後サンプルを削除します。</li>
	<li>ナイフまたは 20% のフッ酸を使用すると、1 mm × 1 mm の PZT セクションを削除できます。これ下 sro 表面電極を明らかにし、多くの小さなフレキシブル強誘電体キャパシタを形成するためです。 注: は SRO 下部電極として育ち、DC は図 3に示すように PZT 薄膜の電子特性を測定する多くの小さなコンデンサーを形成するスパッタリングによる薄膜の電極上に Pt を入金します。</li>
	<li>下部 sro 表面電極の電気伝導率を増加する露出 sro 表面に導電性銀のコートをペイントします。導電性の銀が露出した SRO を連絡できるを確認します。</li>
</ol>2 強誘電体特性評価
<ol><li>曲げ試験<ol>
<li>柔軟なサンプルの裏面には、1 つのステージから別のサンプルの簡単転送のサンプルと同じサイズの紙の部分に接着します。</li>
		<li>強誘電体テスト システムや半導体デバイス ・ アナライザーのテスト基板上の PZT/マイカを配置します。</li>
		<li>強誘電体テスト システムや半導体デバイス ・ アナライザーの 1 つの測定プローブを pt トップに置いて分極電界 (P E) ヒステリシス ループを取得する銀 SRO レイヤーに他の測定プローブを置くとサンプルは曲がった曲線を容量電界 (C E)。<ol>
<li>P-E ヒステリシス ループを 2 kHz の周波数で 2 つのプローブで測定し、4 で V. メジャー C E カーブの 2 つのプローブ周波数 1 MHz、削除対 4 ベンド解除したサンプル。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>両面テープを使用して、必要な金型に柔軟な PZT/マイカ薄膜を保護します。測定の間に雲母の滑り/グライダーを避けるために注意してください。</li>
		<li>強誘電体テスト システムや半導体デバイス ・ アナライザーのテスト基板にマウントしています。</li>
		<li>他のプローブに触れる以前に使用した構成に類似したコーティング シルバー (ステップ 2.1.3) 下部 sro 表面電極間 pt トップに 1 つのプローブを置きます。</li>
		<li>P-E ヒステリシス ループと様々 な引張・圧縮曲げ半径 (図 4) の下で C E 曲線を測定します。<ol>
<li>4 V、周波数 1 MHz で 2 つのプローブで 2 つのプローブ周波数 2 kHz、4 v. メジャー C E カーブと P-E ヒステリシス ループを測定します。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>P E C E 測定が完了したときは、柔軟な PZT サンプルを削除します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>熱安定性<ol>
<li>強誘電体テスト システムや半導体デバイス ・ アナライザーのテスト基板上の PZT/マイカを置きます。</li>
		<li>Pt トップに 1 つの測定プローブを入れて、銀 SRO 層の他の測定プローブを置きます。</li>
		<li>サンプルを加熱する温度制御システムを開きます。</li>
		<li>異なる温度 (25 ° C、50 ° C、75 ° C、100 ° C、125 ° C、150 ° C、175 ° C) で P E と C E の測定を実施します。</li>
		<li>測定が行われた後、ヒーター アセンブリの電源を切ります。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>Cyclability 曲げ<ol>
<li>このセットアップの 2 つの溝に柔軟な PZT/マイカをマウントします。</li>
		<li>モーターの助けを借りてのもう一方の端が曲がっている間サンプルの一方の端を修正します。</li>
		<li>曲げ加工 (図 5) 8 mm 前にモーターの移動 (曲げ) 方向に沿って PZT/マイカ長さを測定するのにには、定規を使用します。</li>
		<li>サンプルの数式によると 5 mm を曲げる動き長さ C を計算する: C=L-2Rsin(L/2R)、L は PZT/マイカ ベンド解除した状態での長さ、R は曲げ半径、C はモーターの移動距離。</li>
		<li>曲げサイクル (1000) コンピューター (図 6) の数を設定します。</li>
		<li>前後モーターの運動を開始する (図 6) の [スタート] ボタンをクリックします。</li>
		<li>サンプルを削除し、強誘電特性を保持するかどうかをチェックする P E を測定します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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著者は開示する競合金融興味を持ってないです。

強誘電性要素の作製の重要なステップは、きれいとも/フラット基板表面の使用にあります。たて劈開マイカ表面は平坦ですが、表示される分裂を苦しみから表面を防止に注意を払う、PZT 層の堆積後層、クラック、インクルー ジョン等を分割する必要がある、サンプルは下に冷却された、高酸素圧下酸素空孔を減らすために (200-500 Torr)。元場トップ プラチナ電極は、多くの Pt、...

柔軟な不揮発性記憶素子 (NVME) の作製は、フレキシブルな電子機器のポテンシャルを最大限に悪用する重要な役割を果たしています。NVME は、軽量、低コスト、低電力消費、高速スピード、データ ストレージ、情報処理と通信以外の高いストレージ密度機能を特徴とするでしょう。ペロブスカイト型 Pb (Zr, Ti) O3 (PZT) は、その大きな分極、高速偏光スイッチング、高キュリー温度、低保磁力、高圧電係数を考慮したこのようなアプリケーションのための人気のあるシステムとして機能します。強誘電体不揮発性メモリの外部電圧パルスは '0' と '1' で表される 2 つの安定な方向間 2 つ残偏波を切り替えることができます。非揮発性で、ナノ秒内に読み取り/書き込みプロセスを完了できます。有機1,2,3,4,5,6と無機7,8,9,10 NVME ,11,12,13,14,15強誘電性材料はフレキシブル基板上に試行されています。しかし、このような統合は高温成長も劣化したデバイスのパフォーマンス、リーク電流、電気ショートの粗い表面のためのだけでなく基板の無力によって制限されます。代替基板8が薄くなるような戦略の有望な結果にもかかわらず、フレキシブル基板15上のエピタキシャル層転送洗練されたマルチ ステップ プロセスの観点から制限されている生存率に苦しむ、転送、および限られた適用の可能性の予測。
前述の理由により、フレキシブルな電子機器を更に前進させるソフト基板の限られた熱・運用安定性を克服することができる適切な基板を探索するが重要です。自然な白雲母雲母 (KAl2(AlSi3O10) (OH)2) アトミック滑らかな表面、高い熱安定性、化学的不活性、高透明性、機械的柔軟性のようなユニークな機能を有する基板と現在の製造方法との互換性を使用して、効果的にこれらの問題に対処できます。もっとそう、単斜晶雲母の二次元層状構造は格子と基板効果をクランプを抑制することにより、条件に一致する熱を緩和する van der waals 力成長をサポートしています。これらの利点は、機能性酸化物16,17,18,19,20,21,の22、直接成長に悪用されています。 23白雲母に最近では、柔軟なデバイス アプリケーションの観点から。
ここで、まだフレキシブル リード ジルコニウム (pzt) 薄膜の作製は、雲母白雲母上にエピタキシャルを直接成長するプロトコルについて述べる.これは雲母、van der waals 力への結果の多彩な特性に依存するパルス レーザー成膜プロセスによって実現されます。このような捏造の構造は硬い単結晶基板上にエピタキシャル PZT のすべての優れた特性を保持し、優れた熱・機械的安定性を表わします。このシンプルで信頼性の高いアプローチ マルチ ステップ転送と戦略を間伐基板技術の優位性を提供しの前提条件となる待望柔軟かつ単結晶の非揮発性メモリ素子の開発が容易になります高性能な次世代のスマート デバイス。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1114">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:387px;"></td>
			<td style="width:344px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">hot plate</td>
			<td style="width:387px;">Polish</td>
			<td style="width:344px;">P-20</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">PLD system</td>
			<td>PVD products</td>
			<td>PLD 5000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Ferroelectric test system&#160;</td>
			<td>Radiant Technologies Precisions workstations&#160;</td>
			<td>RT66A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Semiconductor device analyzer&#160;</td>
			<td>Agilent&#160;</td>
			<td>B1500A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Bending molds</td>
			<td>home-made</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Machined teflon material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Bending stage</td>
			<td>home-built</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Labview interfaced setup which provides a prescise displacemnt as small as 1 micrometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Sputtering system</td>
			<td>Beijing&#160;Elaborate</td>
			<td>ETD-3000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Materials</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">mica(001) sheets</td>
			<td>Nilaco corporation&#160;</td>
			<td>990066</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">conductive silver paint</td>
			<td>Ted Pella, INC</td>
			<td>No.16033</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">CoFe2O4 target</td>
			<td>Kurt J.Lesker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">SrRuO3 target</td>
			<td>Kurt J.Lesker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 target</td>
			<td>Kurt J.Lesker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">Pt target</td>
			<td>Hefei Ke jing</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a fabrication and measurement method for a flexible ferroelectric element based on van der waals heteroepitaxy

柔軟な非揮発性メモリとして注目されている多くが適用されるポータブル スマート電子デバイスの将来は、高密度データ記憶域および低消費電力機能に依存します。ただし、フレキシブル基板上に高品質の酸化物ベースの不揮発性メモリは、材料特性と避けられない高温製造工程でならなくなっています。本稿で柔軟なエピタキシャル鉛ジルコニウム チタン酸メモリ要素雲母白雲母を直接成長するプロトコルを提案する.汎用性の高い成膜技術と測定法は、次世代のスマート デバイスに必要な柔軟かつ単結晶の非揮発性メモリ要素の作製を有効にします。

エピタキシャル PZT、SRO、CFO、雲母の薄膜は、ステップ 1 に記載されているパルス レーザー蒸着法と沈殿させた。成長スキーム図 1 図 2 PZT に基づいて実際の柔軟な不揮発性メモリ要素を示しています。

機械安定性、柔軟なデバイス アプリケーションの重要な側面です。?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy at JoVE.com

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

この稿ではプロトコルを提案直接まだエピタキシャル成長するフレキシブル リード ジルコニウム チタン酸メモリ要素雲母白雲母。

作製と Van Der waals 力ヘテロエピタキシーに基づくフレキシブル強誘電性要素の測定法

Flexible non-volatile memories have received much attention as they are applicable for portable smart electronic device in the future, relying on ...

a-fabrication-measurement-method-for-flexible-ferroelectric-element

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

8.1K ビュー.  Xiangtan University. この稿ではプロトコルを提案直接まだエピタキシャル成長するフレキシブル リード ジルコニウム チタン酸メモリ要素雲母白雲母。

ビデオ: A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System

High contrast gratings are designed and fabricated and its application is proposed in a parallel spectrum splitting dispersive element that can improve the solar conversion efficiency of a concentrated photovoltaic system. The proposed system will also lower the solar cell cost in the concentrated photovoltaic system by replacing the expensive tandem solar cells with the cost-effective single junction solar cells. The structures and the parameters of high contrast gratings for the dispersive elements were numerically optimized. The large-area fabrication of high contrast gratings was experimentally demonstrated using nanoimprint lithography and dry etching. The quality of grating material and the performance of the fabricated device were both experimentally characterized. By analyzing the measurement results, the possible side effects from the fabrication processes are discussed and several methods that have the potential to improve the fabrication processes are proposed, which can help to increase the optical efficiency of the fabricated devices.

The fabrication of high contrast gratings as the parallel spectrum splitting dispersive element in a concentrated photovoltaic system is demonstrated. Fabrication processes including nanoimprint lithography, TiO2 sputtering and reactive ion etching are described. Reflectance measurement results are used to characterize the optical performance.

集中太陽光発電システムにおけるスペクトル分割分散素子の高コントラスト回折格子の作製

High contrast gratings are designed and fabricated and its application is proposed in a parallel spectrum splitting dispersive element that can improve ...

工学

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an elastomeric dielectric membrane sandwiched between two compliant electrodes. The large actuation strains of these transducers when used as actuators (over 300% area strain) and their soft and compliant nature has been exploited for a wide range of applications, including electrically tunable optics, haptic feedback devices, wave-energy harvesting, deformable cell-culture devices, compliant grippers, and propulsion of a bio-inspired fish-like airship. In most cases, DETs are made with a commercial proprietary acrylic elastomer and with hand-applied electrodes of carbon powder or carbon grease. This combination leads to non-reproducible and slow actuators exhibiting viscoelastic creep and a short lifetime. We present here a complete process flow for the reproducible fabrication of DETs based on thin elastomeric silicone films, including casting of thin silicone membranes, membrane release and prestretching, patterning of robust compliant electrodes, assembly and testing. The membranes are cast on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates coated with a water-soluble sacrificial layer for ease of release. The electrodes consist of carbon black particles dispersed into a silicone matrix and patterned using a stamping technique, which leads to precisely-defined compliant electrodes that present a high adhesion to the dielectric membrane on which they are applied.

This manuscript shows the fabrication process for the manufacture of dielectric elastomer soft actuators based on silicone membranes. The three key stages of production are presented in detail: blade casting of thin silicone membranes; pad printing of compliant electrodes; and the assembly of all the components.

シリコーン系誘電エラストマーアクチュエータの製造工程

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an ...

Advanced Experimental Methods for Low-temperature Magnetotransport Measurement of Novel Materials

Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film synthesis) for the purpose of exploratory materials research. Certain materials pose a challenge wherein the traditional bulk Hall bar device fabrication method is insufficient to produce a measureable device for sample transport measurement, principally because the single crystal size is too small to attach wire leads to the sample in a Hall bar configuration. This can be, for example, because the first batch of a new material synthesized yields very small single crystals or because flakes of samples of one to very few monolayers are desired. In order to enable rapid characterization of materials that may be carried out in parallel with improvements to their growth methodology, a method of device fabrication for very small samples has been devised to permit the characterization of novel materials as soon as a preliminary batch has been produced. A slight variation of this methodology is applicable to producing devices using exfoliated samples of two-dimensional materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as well as multilayer heterostructures of such materials. Here we present detailed protocols for the experimental device fabrication of fragments and flakes of novel materials with micron-sized dimensions onto substrate and subsequent measurement in a commercial superconducting magnet, dry helium close-cycle cryostat magnetotransport system at temperatures down to 0.300 K and magnetic fields up to 12 T.

We describe the methodology of mechanical exfoliation and deposition of flakes of novel materials with micron-sized dimensions onto substrate, fabrication of experimental device structures for transport experimentation, and the magnetotransport measurement in a dry helium close-cycle cryostat at temperatures down to 0.300 K and magnetic fields up to 12 T.

新規材料の低温磁気伝導測定のための高度な実験方法

Novel electronic materials are often produced for the first time by synthesis processes that yield bulk crystals (in contrast to single crystal thin film ...

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of stretchable electronic devices is the preparation of stretchable conductors with great mechanical stability. In this study, we developed a simple fabrication method to chemically solder the contact points between silver nanowire (AgNW) networks. AgNW nanomesh was first deposited on a glass slide via spray coating method. A reactive ink composed of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) precursors was applied over the spray coated AgNW thin films. After heating for 40 min, AgNPs were preferentially generated over the nanowire junctions to solder the AgNW nanomesh, and reinforced the conducting network. The chemically modified AgNW thin film was then transferred to polyurethane (PU) substrates by casting method. The soldered AgNW thin films on PU exhibited no obvious change in electrical conductivity under stretching or rolling process with elongation strains up to 120%.

A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.

シルバーナノワイヤーと伸縮性の高い導体の製造方法

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication of ...

Standardized Method for Measuring Collection Efficiency from Wipe-sampling of Trace Explosives

One of the limiting steps to detecting traces of explosives at screening venues is effective collection of the sample. Wipe-sampling is the most common procedure for collecting traces of explosives, and standardized measurements of collection efficiency are needed to evaluate and optimize sampling protocols. The approach described here is designed to provide this measurement infrastructure, and controls most of the factors known to be relevant to wipe-sampling. Three critical factors (the applied force, travel distance, and travel speed) are controlled using an automated device. Test surfaces are chosen based on similarity to the screening environment, and the wipes can be made from any material considered for use in wipe-sampling. Particle samples of the explosive 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) are applied in a fixed location on the surface using a dry-transfer technique. The particle samples, recently developed to simulate residues made after handling explosives, are produced by inkjet printing of RDX solutions onto polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrates. Collection efficiency is measured by extracting collected explosive from the wipe, and then related to critical sampling factors and the selection of wipe material and test surface. These measurements are meant to guide the development of sampling protocols at screening venues, where speed and throughput are primary considerations.

Optimized sampling protocols and the development of new wipe materials can be facilitated by standardized measurements of collection efficiency from wipe-sampling. Our approach for sampling trace explosives uses an automated device to control speed, force, and distance during wipe-sampling followed by extraction of collected explosives.

トレース爆発物のワイプサンプリングから収集効率を測定するための標準化された方法

One of the limiting steps to detecting traces of explosives at screening venues is effective collection of the sample. Wipe-sampling is the most common ...

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a polymer film. This paper also presents a low-cost, vacuum-free fabrication method for this novel TE; the approach combines lithography, electroplating, and imprint transfer (LEIT) processing. The embedded nature of the EMTEs offers many advantages, such as high surface smoothness, which is essential for organic electronic device production; superior mechanical stability during bending; favorable resistance to chemicals and moisture; and strong adhesion with plastic film. LEIT fabrication features an electroplating process for vacuum-free metal deposition and is favorable for industrial mass production. Furthermore, LEIT allows for the fabrication of metal mesh with a high aspect ratio (i.e., thickness to linewidth), significantly enhancing its electrical conductance without adversely losing optical transmittance. We demonstrate several prototypes of flexible EMTEs, with sheet resistances lower than 1 &#937;/sq and transmittances greater than 90%, resulting in very high figures of merit (FoM) &#8211; up to 1.5 x 104 &#8211; which are amongst the best values in the published literature.

This protocol describes a solution-based fabrication strategy for high-performance, flexible, transparent electrodes with fully-embedded, thick metal mesh. Flexible transparent electrodes fabricated by this process demonstrate among the highest reported performances, including ultra-low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, mechanical stability under bending, strong substrate adhesion, surface smoothness, and environmental stability.

埋め込み金属メッシュを用いた高性能で柔軟で透明な電極のための拡張可能なソリューション処理製作戦略

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a ...

Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, but several challenging points remain, such as a low absorption efficiency due to a thin active layer and low flexibility. We present an advanced method to fabricate a flexible phototransistor array with an improved electrical performance. The outstanding electrical performance is driven by a low dark current owing to deep impurity doping. Stretchable and flexible metal interconnectors simultaneously offer electrical and mechanical stabilities in a highly deformed state. The protocol explicitly describes the fabrication process of the phototransistor using a thin silicon membrane. By measuring I-V characteristics of the completed device in deformed states, we demonstrate that this approach improves the mechanical and electrical stabilities of the phototransistor array. We expect that this approach to a flexible phototransistor can be widely used for the applications of not only next-generation imaging systems/optoelectronics but also wearable devices such as tactile/pressure/temperature sensors and health monitors.

We present a detailed method to fabricate a deformable lateral NIPIN phototransistor array for curved image sensors. The phototransistor array with an open mesh form, which is composed of thin silicon islands and stretchable metal interconnectors, provides flexibility and stretchability. The parameter analyzer characterizes the electrical property of the fabricated phototransistor.

横 NIPIN フォト トランジスタを用いた柔軟な画像センサーの作製

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, ...

Cutting Procedures, Tensile Testing, and Ageing of Flexible Unidirectional Composite Laminates

Many body armor designs incorporate unidirectional (UD) laminates. UD laminates are constructed of thin (&#60;0.05 mm) layers of high-performance yarns, where the yarns in each layer are oriented parallel to each other and held in place using binder resins and thin polymer films. The armor is constructed by stacking the unidirectional layers in different orientations. To date, only very preliminary work has been performed to characterize the ageing of the binder resins used in unidirectional laminates and the effects on their performance. For example, during the development of the conditioning protocol used in the National Institute of Justice Standard-0101.06, UD laminates showed visual signs of delamination and reductions in V50, which is the velocity at which half of the projectiles are expected to perforate the armor, after ageing. A better understanding of the material property changes in UD laminates is necessary to comprehend the long-term performance of armors constructed from these materials. There are no current standards recommended for mechanically interrogating unidirectional (UD) laminate materials. This study explores methods and best practices for accurately testing the mechanical properties of these materials and proposes a new test methodology for these materials. Best practices for ageing these materials are also described.

The goal of the study was to develop protocols to prepare consistent specimens for accurate mechanical testing of high-strength aramid or ultra-high-molar-mass polyethylene-based flexible unidirectional composite laminate materials and to describe protocols for performing artificial ageing on these materials.

柔軟な単方向複合ラミネートの切断手順、引張試験、およびエージング

Many body armor designs incorporate unidirectional (UD) laminates. UD laminates are constructed of thin (&#60;0.05 mm) layers of high-performance yarns, ...

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment

In this work we describe a technique for creating new crystals (van der Waals heterostructures) by stacking distinct ultrathin layered 2D materials. We demonstrate not only lateral control but, importantly, also control over the angular alignment of adjacent layers. The core of the technique is represented by a home-built transfer setup which allows the user to control the position of the individual crystals involved in the transfer. This is achieved with sub-micrometer (translational) and sub-degree (angular) precision. Prior to stacking them together, the isolated crystals are individually manipulated by custom-designed moving stages that are controlled by a programmed software interface. Moreover, since the entire transfer setup is computer controlled, the user can remotely create precise heterostructures without coming into direct contact with the transfer setup, labeling this technique as &#8220;hands-free&#8221;. In addition to presenting the transfer set-up, we also describe two techniques for preparing the crystals that are subsequently stacked.

In this work we describe a technique that is used to create new crystals (van der Waals heterostructures) by stacking ultrathin layered 2D materials with precise control over position and relative orientation.

精密な回転位置合わせによるファンデルワールスヘテロ構造の製作

In this work we describe a technique for creating new crystals (van der Waals heterostructures) by stacking distinct ultrathin layered 2D materials. We ...

Method Development for Contactless Resonant Cavity Dielectric Spectroscopic Studies of Cellulosic Paper

The current analytical techniques for characterizing printing and graphic arts substrates are largely ex situ and destructive. This limits the amount of data that can be obtained from an individual sample and renders it difficult to produce statistically relevant data for unique and rare materials. Resonant cavity dielectric spectroscopy is a non-destructive, contactless technique which can simultaneously interrogate both sides of a sheeted material and provide measurements which are suitable for statistical interpretations. This offers analysts the ability to quickly discriminate between sheeted materials based on composition and storage history. In this methodology article, we demonstrate how contactless resonant cavity dielectric spectroscopy may be used to differentiate between paper analytes of varying fiber species compositions, to determine the relative age of the paper, and to detect and quantify the amount of post-consumer waste (PCW) recycled fiber content in manufactured office paper.

A protocol for the non-destructive analysis of the fiber content and relative age of paper.

セルロース系紙の非接触共振キャビティ誘電分光研究の方法開発

The current analytical techniques for characterizing printing and graphic arts substrates are largely ex situ and destructive. This limits the amount of ...