1.4 : 機能主義

Functionalism is a school of thought introduced by William James, influenced by Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.

Functionalists study various aspects of mental processes, including memory, responses to emotions, and language abilities, to understand their roles in an individual's survival and adaptation in diverse environments.

For example, functionalists explore how an individual's memory aids survival by recalling the locations of stored food and water when hungry and thirsty.

Similarly, they examine how the emotion of fear alerts individuals to signs of danger, prompting them to use appropriate survival instincts.

Additionally, functionalists study how language fosters communication, cooperation, and social bonding, all of which are crucial for an individual's survival within a group.

By focusing on "why" the mind works in certain ways, functionalists aim to understand the reasons and goals behind its thoughts and actions, preferring to study the mind as a whole rather than in parts.