13.13 : 呼吸のパターンと変化 I

Understanding the precise respiratory pattern and its variations holds excellent clinical importance. The following are some alterations in breathing patterns.

Eupnea refers to normal and gentle breathing during rest. It is characterized by a steady respiratory rate and rhythm, typically ranging from twelve to twenty breaths per minute.

Bradypnea is a decreased respiratory rate in which the respiratory rate is regular but is fewer than ten breaths per minute.

It signifies a severe deterioration in the patient's condition, such as respiratory center depression or opioid overdose.

Tachypnea is an increased respiratory rate greater than twenty breaths per minute.

It may be caused due to anxiety, metabolic acidosis, restrictive lung disease, circulatory disorder, pain, or pyrexia.

In contrast, dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is the subjective sensation of experiencing difficulty breathing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

Lastly, apnea refers to the temporary cessation of breathing, and persistent cessation results in respiratory arrest, brain damage, and eventually death.

It may occur due to some conditions like neuromuscular disease and heart failure.