This work was supported by the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (TA 3021-A1/T to AEC) and the University of Texas at San Antonio.

Preparation of reagents
Prepare stock isotonic percoll (SIP), 4 ml per brain, by mixing 9 parts of percoll with one part of 10X HBSS without Ca++ and Mg++.
Prepare SIP at 70% in 1X HBSS without Ca++ and Mg++, 2 ml per brain dispensed into a 15 ml polypropylene conical tube.
Note: It is recommended that percoll should be used at room temperature, if used cold, cells tend to clump and cell separation is less efficient.
Tissue collection and homogenization
Anesthetize mice and perfuse through the left ventricle with ice-cold 1X HBSS. Dissect brain and spinal cord and maintain in RPMI without phenol red until all mice are sacrificed.
Place tissues in 7 or 15 ml dounce homogenizer containing 3 ml of RPMI, gently make a cell suspension with a loose-fitting pestle (A size) followed by a tigh-fitting pestle (B size) to further dissociate the tissues. Complete the volume of the cell suspensions to 7 ml with RPMI.
Gradient set up
Add 3 ml of SIP to the cell suspension to make a final 30% SIP
Slowly layer the 10 mL cell suspension on top of the 70% SIP. This is the most critical step of the procedure, use a pipette-aid set in the gravity mode avoiding mixing of the 70% and 30% solutions. A very clear flat line should be visible at the 70%-30% junction.
Centrifuge 30 min at 500G 18&deg;C. Make sure centrifuge will stop with minimal or no brake so that the interphase is not disturbed.
Using a transfer pipet, gently remove the layer of debris from the top of the tube and collect 2.0-3.0 ml of the 70%-30% interphase into a clean conical tube containing 8 ml of 1X HBSS. Ensure that the percoll containing the interphase is diluted about three fold, mix a few times by inversion and centrifugre 7 min at 500G at 18&deg;C.
Resuspend pellet in 1 ml of cell staining buffer and transfer it to a 1.5 ml tube and wash one more time using a micro-centrifuge at 10,000G 1 min at 4&deg;C.
Antibody staining
Resuspend pellets in 50 &mu;l of purified antimouse CD16/CD32 diluted 1:200 in cell staining buffer to block the Fc binding sites. Incubate over ice for 10 min. Count cells using a hemocytometer.
Add 50 &mu;l of antibody cocktail mix and incubate on ice for 30 min. Each antibody must be first titrated to assess optimal dilution. Use appropriate fluorochrome combinations chosen according the capabilities of laser and filter settings of your particular flow cytometer.
Wash cells in cell staining buffer, resuspend pellets in 100-200 &mu;l of cell staining buffer and analyze immediately in the cytometer, or alternatively cells can be resuspended in 2% paraformaldehyde (PFA) prepared in PBS and stored over-night at 4&deg;C.
Representative Results:
After spinning the gradients, the 70%-30% interphase should have a defined white halo, and quantitation of the cells recovered from a na&iacute;ve mouse should yield 3-5 x105 cells per mouse (brain plus spinal cord). Inflamed brain might have ranging numbers of inflammatory cells depending of the CNS insult or disease model (Figure 1).
<img src="/files/ftp_upload/2348/2348fig1.jpg" alt="Figure 1" /> 
 Figure 1. Isolation of mononuclear cells, from na&iacute;ve and EAE-brain at peak disease. Brain cells suspensions were separated over discontinuous 70%/30% percoll gradients. Cells stained were incubated with Fc-block followed by anti-CD45 antibodies for 30 min on ice. Cells were rinsed in cell staining buffer, and fixed in 2% PFA prior acquisition in an LSR-II. CD45 intensity is measured in the Y-axis, where three distinct populations are visualized. Further characterization of the immune phenotype of CD45hi infiltrating cells is implemented using additional antibodies and subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry.

<ol>
	<li>Sedgwick, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+direct+characterization+of+resident+microglial+cells+from+the+normal+and+inflamed+central+nervous+system.">Isolation and direct characterization of resident microglial cells from the normal and inflamed central nervous system.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88, 7438-7442 (1991).</li><li>Ponomarev, E. D., Shriver, L. P., Maresz, K., Dittel, B. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglial+cell+activation+and+proliferation+precedes+the+onset+of+CNS+autoimmunity.">Microglial cell activation and proliferation precedes the onset of CNS autoimmunity.</a> J. Neurosci. Res. 81, 374-389 (2005).</li><li>Ford, A. L., Goodsall, A. L., Hickey, W. F., Sedgwick, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normal+adult+ramified+microglia+separated+from+other+central+nervous+system+macrophages+by+flow+cytometric+sorting.+Phenotypic+differences+defined+and+direct+ex+vivo+antigen+presentation+to+myelin+basic+protein-reactive+CD4++T+cells+compared.">Normal adult ramified microglia separated from other central nervous system macrophages by flow cytometric sorting. Phenotypic differences defined and direct ex vivo antigen presentation to myelin basic protein-reactive CD4+ T cells compared.</a> J Immunol. 154, 4309-4321 (1995).</li><li>Cardona, A. E., Huang, D., Sasse, M. E., Ransohoff, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+murine+microglial+cells+for+RNA+analysis+or+flow+cytometry.">Isolation of murine microglial cells for RNA analysis or flow cytometry.</a> Nat. Protoc. 1, 1947-1951 (2006).</li><li>Juedes, A. E., Ruddle, N. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resident+and+infiltrating+central+nervous+system+APCs+regulate+the+emergence+and+resolution+of+experimental+autoimmune+encephalomyelitis.">Resident and infiltrating central nervous system APCs regulate the emergence and resolution of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.</a> J. Immunol. 166, 5168-5175 (2001).</li><li>Prinz, M., Priller, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tickets+to+the+brain:+Role+of+CCR2+and+CX(3)CR1+in+myeloid+cell+entry+in+the+CNS.">Tickets to the brain: Role of CCR2 and CX(3)CR1 in myeloid cell entry in the CNS.</a> J Neuroimmunol. , (2010).</li><li>Mildner, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microglia+in+the+adult+brain+arise+from+Ly-6ChiCCR2++monocytes+only+under+defined+host+conditions.">Microglia in the adult brain arise from Ly-6ChiCCR2+ monocytes only under defined host conditions.</a> Nat. Neurosci. 10, 1544-1553 (2007).</li><li>Djukic, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circulating+monocytes+engraft+in+the+brain,+differentiate+into+microglia+and+contribute+to+the+pathology+following+meningitis+in+mice.">Circulating monocytes engraft in the brain, differentiate into microglia and contribute to the pathology following meningitis in mice.</a> Brain. 129, 2394-2403 (2006).</li></ol>

No conflicts of interest declared.

Analyses of cell surface markers in CNS leukocytes from normal and inflamed mouse tissues has been utilized for several decades1-3. Isolation protocols are based in the separation of microglia and leukocytes by density centrifugation4. Here we describe a fast and effective method of isolating CNS leukocytes using discontinuous percoll gradients. After isolation of cells, staining with various antibodies such as -but not limited to- CD45, CD4, CD8, CD11b, CD19, etc. allows the identification of immune populations that infiltrate the CNS upon induction of a particular pathology. Staining with anti-CD45 antibodies reveals three distinct populations by flow cytometry; (1) CD45 negative population consisting of neuronal cells, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes among others nerve cells, (2) CD45lo or intermediate which contains mostly surveillant microglial cells, (3) CD45hi population consisting of infiltrating hematogenous leukocytes. Studying the contribution of myeloid cells during CNS pathologies has been challenging. However, the combination of various cells surface markers5, 6 and the usage of bone marrow chimeric mice have shown insights into the functional distinctions of myeloid cells during CNS inflammation2, 7, 8. Upon immunization with myelin peptides, an autoimmune reaction is induced and a massive influx of blood cells is recruited to the brain. After this point, there is a wide repertoire of antibodies available to study the phenotype of these cells either by the presence of various cell surface molecules, as well as expression of intracellular proteins such as cytokines or transcription factors. 
When homogenizing the tissues, use extreme caution handling the homogenizer with ease. Mononuclear phagocytes are highly susceptible to autolysis. If experiencing clumping of the cells, practice a gentler homogenization protocol and add DNase to the buffer during the homogenization step. Therefore, assess percentage of cell dead in your isolated population. This protocol can be easily modified to add various digesting enzymes, such as collagenase, dispase among others. The yield of cells is usually higher. However some cell surface markers are susceptible to this treatment and therefore will limit their detection by flow cytometry due to their cleavage by proteases. In our protocol, we routinely avoid the usage of digesting enzymes, dissect tissues as quick as possible without compromising the perfusion, and avoid leaving the tissues for long periods of time on ice (&gt; 1hr) prior homogenization. The protocol described has the potential to be applied to gene expression, protein and cell culture of the isolated population.

<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;p class=&quot;jove_step&quot;&gt;Tissue homogenization and Gradients&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Percoll (Amersham)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;10X Hanks&amp;rsquo; Balanced Salt Solution, without Calcium and Magnesium (Gibco)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;RPMI Medium 1640, without phenol red (Gibco)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;7-ml or 15-ml Dounce Tissue Grinders (VWR)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;jove_step&quot;&gt;Flow cytometry&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Cell Staining Buffer (Biolegend)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Purified Rat Anti-Mouse CD16/CD32 (Mouse BD Fc Block), BD Pharmingen&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Hemacytometer (Fisher)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Anti-mouse CD45 (clone 30-F11), CD4 (clone RM4-5), CD19 (clone 6D5), BioLegend&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;10X Phosphate Buffered Saline, without Calcium and Magnesium (Thermo Scientific)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Paraformaldehyde (Sigma Aldrich)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Flow cytometry analysis performed with a LSR II (BD Biosciences)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</td></tr></tbody></table>

isolation of brain and spinal cord mononuclear cells using percoll gradients

Isolation of immune cells that infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) during infection, trauma, autoimmunity or neurodegeneration, is often required to define their phenotype and effector functions. Histochemical approaches are instrumental to determine the location of the infiltrating cells and to analyze the associated CNS pathology. However, in-situ histochemistry and immunofluorescent staining techniques are limited by the number of antibodies that can be used at a single time to characterize immune cell subtypes in a particular tissue. Therefore, histological approaches in conjunction with immune-phenotyping by flow cytometry are critical to fully characterize the composition of local CNS infiltration. This protocol is based on the separation of CNS cellular suspensions over discontinous percoll gradients. The current article describes a rapid protocol to efficiently isolate mononuclear cells from brain and spinal cord tissues that can be effectively utilized for identification of various immune cell populations in a single sample by flow cytometry.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients at JoVE.com

Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients

The current article describes a rapid protocol to efficiently isolate mononuclear cells from brain and spinal cord tissues that can be effectively utilized for flow cytometric analyses.

Isolation of immune cells that infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) during infection, trauma, autoimmunity or neurodegeneration, is often required ...

isolation-brain-spinal-cord-mononuclear-cells-using-percoll

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

40.6K Views.  University of Texas at San Antonio - UTSA. The current article describes a rapid protocol to efficiently isolate mononuclear cells from brain and spinal cord tissues that can be effectively utilized for flow cytometric analyses.

Video: Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) via a rapid intracranial injection technique and how to purify a leukocyte-enriched population of infiltrating cells from whole brain. Briefly, mice are anesthetized with isoflurane in a closed chamber and are free-hand injected with a Hamilton syringe into the frontal cortex. Mice are then killed at various times after infection by isoflurane overdose and whole brains are extracted and homogenized in RPMI with a Tenbroeck tissue grinder. Brain homogenates are centrifuged through a continuous 30% Percoll gradient to remove the myelin and other cell debris. The cell suspension is then strained at 40 &mu;m, washed and centrifuged on a discontinuous Ficoll-Paque Plus gradient to select and purify the leukocytes. The leukocytes are then washed and resuspended in appropriate buffers for immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Flow cytometry reveals a population of innate immune cells at the early stages of infection in C57BL/6 mice. At 24 hours post infection, multiple subsets of immune cells are present in the BILs, with an enriched population of Gr1+, CD11b+ and F4/80+cells. Therefore, this method is useful in characterizing the immune response to acute infection in the brain.

A rapid method to obtain infiltrating leukocytes from the murine brain is described. This method utilizes a continuous Percoll gradient and discontinuous Ficoll gradient to select and purify the leukocyte-enriched layer. Isolated leukocytes may then be characterized by flow cytometric measurements.

We describe a method for preparing brain infiltrating leukocytes (BILs) from mice. We demonstrate how to infect mice with Theiler's murine ...

Isolation of Mononuclear Cells from the Central Nervous System of Rats with EAE

Whether studying an autoimmune disease directed to the central nervous system (CNS), such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, 1), or the immune response to an infection of the CNS, such as poliomyelitis, Lyme neuroborreliosis, or neurosyphilis, it is often necessary to isolate the CNS-infiltrating immune cells.
In this video-protocol we demonstrate how to isolate mononuclear cells (MNCs) from the CNS of a rat with EAE. The first step of this procedure requires a cardiac perfusion of the rodent with a saline solution to ensure that no blood remains in the blood vessels irrigating the CNS. Any blood contamination will artificially increase the number of apparent CNS-infiltrating MNCs and may alter the apparent composition of the immune infiltrate. We then demonstrate how to remove the brain and spinal cord of the rat for subsequent dilaceration to prepare a single-cell suspension. This suspension is separated on a two-layer Percoll gradient to isolate the MNCs. After washing, these cells are then ready to undergo any required procedure. 
Mononuclear cells isolated using this procedure are viable and can be used for electrophysiology, flow cytometry (FACS), or biochemistry. If the technique is performed under sterile conditions (using sterile instruments in a tissue culture hood) the cells can also be grown in tissue culture medium. A given cell population can be further purified using either magnetic separation procedures or a FACS.

In this video we demonstrate how to isolate mononuclear cells from the central nervous system of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Whether studying an autoimmune disease directed to the central nervous system (CNS), such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, 1), or the ...

Biology

Isolation and Culture of Post-Natal Mouse Cerebellar Granule Neuron Progenitor Cells and Neurons 

The cerebellar cortex is a well described structure that provides unique opportunities for studying neuronal properties and development1,2. Of the cerebellar neuronal types (granule cells, Purkinje cells and inhibitory interneurons), granule neurons are by far the most numerous and are the most abundant type of neurons in the mammalian brain. In rodents, cerebellar granule neurons are generated during the first two post-natal weeks from progenitor cells in the outermost layer of the cerebellar cortex, the external granule layer (EGL). The protocol presented here describes techniques to enrich and culture granule neurons and their progenitor cells from post-natal mouse cerebellum. We will describe procedures to obtain cultures of increasing purity3,4, which can be used to study the differentiation of proliferating progenitor cells into granule neurons5,6. Once the progenitor cells differentiate, the cultures also provide a homogenous population of granule neurons for experimental manipulation and characterization of phenomena such as synaptogenesis, glutamate receptor function7, interaction with other purified cerebellar cells8,9 or cell death7.

Isolation and Culture of Post-Natal Mouse Cerebellar Granule Neuron Progenitor Cells and Neurons

Here we present a method to isolate and culture cerebellar granule neuron progenitor cells and cerebellar granule neurons from postnatal mouse.

The cerebellar cortex is a well described structure that provides unique opportunities for studying neuronal properties and development1,2. Of the ...

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

The central nervous system (CNS) is comprised of the brain and spinal cord and is enveloped by the meninges, membranous layers serving as a barrier between the periphery and the CNS. The CNS is an immunologically specialized site, and in steady state conditions, immune privilege is most evident in the CNS parenchyma. In contrast, the meninges harbor a diverse array of resident cells, including innate and adaptive immune cells. During inflammatory conditions triggered by CNS injury, autoimmunity, infection, or even neurodegeneration, peripherally derived immune cells may enter the parenchyma and take up residence within the meninges. These cells are thought to perform both beneficial and detrimental actions during CNS disease pathogenesis. Despite this knowledge, the meninges are often overlooked when analyzing the CNS compartment, because conventional CNS tissue extraction methods omit the meningeal layers. This protocol presents two distinct methods for the rapid isolation of murine CNS tissues (i.e., brain, spinal cord, and meninges) that are suitable for downstream analysis via single-cell techniques, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization methods. The described methods provide a comprehensive analysis of CNS tissues, ideal for assessing the phenotype, function, and localization of cells occupying the CNS compartment under homeostatic conditions and during disease pathogenesis.

This paper presents two optimized protocols for examining resident and peripherally derived immune cells within the central nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. Each of these protocols helps to ascertain the function and composition of the cells occupying these compartments under steady state and inflammatory conditions.

The central nervous system (CNS) is comprised of the brain and spinal cord and is enveloped by the meninges, membranous layers serving as a barrier ...

Isolating All CNS Resident Cell Types Simultaneously from Autoimmune Mice

Simultaneous Isolation of Principal Central Nervous System-Resident Cell Types from Adult Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most common murine model for multiple sclerosis (MS) and is frequently used to further elucidate the still unknown etiology of MS in order to develop new treatment strategies. The myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (MOG35-55) EAE model reproduces a self-limiting monophasic disease course with ascending paralysis within 10 days after immunization. The mice are examined daily using a clinical scoring system. MS is driven by different pathomechanisms with a specific temporal pattern, thus the investigation of the role of central nervous system (CNS)-resident cell types during disease progression is of great interest. The unique feature of this protocol is the simultaneous isolation of all principal CNS-resident cell types (microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons) applicable in adult EAE and healthy mice. The dissociation of the brain and the spinal cord from adult mice is followed by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) to isolate microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons. Flow cytometry was used to perform quality analyses of the purified single-cell suspensions confirming viability after cell isolation and indicating the purity of each cell type of approximately 90%. In conclusion, this protocol offers a precise and comprehensive way to analyze complex cellular networks in healthy and EAE mice. Moreover, required mice numbers can be substantially reduced as all four cell types are isolated from the same mice.

Author Spotlight: Studying Neuroinflammatory Pathways Through Simultaneous Isolation of All Main CNS-Resident Cell Types 

To date, protocols for the simultaneous isolation of all principal central nervous system-resident cell types from the same mouse are an unmet demand. The protocol shows a procedure applicable in na&#239;ve and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice to investigate complex cellular networks during neuroinflammation and simultaneously reduce the required mice numbers.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most common murine model for multiple sclerosis (MS) and is frequently used to further elucidate ...

Neuroscience

Mononuclear Cell Isolation from Mouse Brain: A Density Gradient Centrifugation Technique to Isolate Brain Resident Mononuclear Cells

Source: Ji, Z. et al. <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/v/61050/flow-cytometric-analysis-lymphocyte-infiltration-central-nervous">Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2020)
In this video, we perform the isolation of mononuclear cells from a mouse&#8217;s brain using density gradient centrifugation. The isolated mononuclear cell suspension can be used for further downstream analysis.

Source: Ji, Z. et al. Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J. ...

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Cancer Research

Cancers of the Nervous System

Ex vivo studies

Isolating Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells from a Murine Brain

Source: Baker, G. J., et al., Lowenstein, P. R. <a href="https://app-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/v/53676">Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2015)
The video demonstrates the isolation of tumor-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a mouse brain using mechanical dissociation and enzymatic digestion. This is followed by density gradient centrifugation to collect the immune cells for further analysis.

All procedures involving sample collection have been performed in accordance with the institute&#39;s IRB guidelines.
Prepare density centrifugation media ...

Neuronal Culture Techniques

Co-culture and Interaction Studies

Isolation of Neural Stem Progenitor Cells from the Spinal Cord Periventricular Region of an Adult Rat

Source: Mothe, A., et al., <a href="https://app-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/v/52732">Isolation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells from the Periventricular Region of the Adult Rat and Human Spinal Cord.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2015).
This video presents a method for isolating neural stem/progenitor cells from the periventricular tissue of the spinal cord in adult rats. The technique includes incubating the tissue fragments in a solution containing proteolytic enzymes to disrupt the extracellular matrix and release the cells. Subsequently, the released cells are plated in a medium containing specific growth factors that enhance neural stem/progenitor proliferation and promote aggregation into three-dimensional neurospheres.

All procedures involving animal samples have been reviewed and approved by the appropriate animal ethical review committee. 
1. Preparation of Dissection ...

Primary Neuronal Culture

Preparing a Single-Cell Suspension of Immune Cells from Murine Brain Tissue

Source: DiSano, K. D., et al. <a href="https://app-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/v/61166">Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune Cells.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2020).
The video demonstrates the preparation of a single-cell suspension of immune cells from a murine brain tissue. It involves enzymatic digestion to release cells from the brain tissue, followed by density gradient centrifugation to isolate the immune cells based on their densities to obtain the single-cell suspension.

All procedures involving animal samples have been reviewed and approved by the appropriate animal ethical review committee. 
1. Preparing single-cell ...

Establishing Primary Mixed Glial Cell Cultures from a Mouse Spinal Cord

Source: Malon, J. T., et al. <a href="https://app-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/v/54801">Preparation of Primary Mixed Glial Cultures from Adult Mouse Spinal Cord Tissue.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (2016).
This video demonstrates a technique for isolating and culturing primary mixed glial cells from adult mouse spinal cord tissue. The protocol involves enzymatic digestion of the tissue, followed by the removal of broken cell membranes and myelin debris to obtain a single-cell population. The cells are then cultured in media optimized for mixed glial cell growth.

1. Preparation of Solutions in a Culture Hood under Aseptic Conditions

	Prepare culture media: complete Dulbecco&#39;s modification of Eagle&#39;s media ...

Isolation of Brain and Spinal Cord Mononuclear Cells Using Percoll Gradients

Summary

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Chapters in this video

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

Isolation of Mononuclear Cells from the Central Nervous System of Rats with EAE

Isolation and Culture of Post-Natal Mouse Cerebellar Granule Neuron Progenitor Cells and Neurons

Isolating Central Nervous System Tissues and Associated Meninges for the Downstream Analysis of Immune cells

Simultaneous Isolation of Principal Central Nervous System-Resident Cell Types from Adult Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice

Mononuclear Cell Isolation from Mouse Brain: A Density Gradient Centrifugation Technique to Isolate Brain Resident Mononuclear Cells

Isolating Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells from a Murine Brain

Isolation of Neural Stem Progenitor Cells from the Spinal Cord Periventricular Region of an Adult Rat

Preparing a Single-Cell Suspension of Immune Cells from Murine Brain Tissue

Establishing Primary Mixed Glial Cell Cultures from a Mouse Spinal Cord