Bölüm 4
Ayırma Yöntemlerine Giriş
Maddenin halleri ve faz değişimleri
The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends ...
Damıtma: Buhar-Sıvı Dengesi
Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, ...
Filtrasyon
Filtration is the physical separation of solids from a fluid using a filtration medium.
The filtration medium is chosen depending on the purpose of ...
Santrifüj
Centrifugation is a method of separating suspended particles from a liquid by spinning in a centrifuge at a high number of revolutions per minute.
...
Sublime
Sublimation is the direct phase transformation from the solid to the gaseous phase, bypassing the liquid state.
For example, solid carbon dioxide, or dry ...
Yeniden kristalleşme: katı-çözelti dengesi
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, ...
Kristal Büyümesi: Kristalleşme İlkeleri
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During ...
Yağış ve Birlikte Yağış
Precipitation and coprecipitation techniques can be applied to separate a mixture of ions.
When different ions form sparingly soluble salts with the same ...
Koagülasyon
Coagulation is the agglomeration of colloidal particles to form larger aggregates.
This technique is applied to purify wastewater containing suspended ...
Elektrodepozisyon
During electrodeposition, ions are separated from a solution by deposition on an electrode in an electrolytic cell.
While reduction occurs at the cathode ...
Çıkarma: Bölme ve Dağıtım Katsayıları
The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also ...
Ekstraksiyon: pH'ın etkileri
Consider a weak base, B, with a partition coefficient, K, between the organic and aqueous phases.
While organic bases are usually more ...
Ekstraksiyon: Gelişmiş Yöntemler
Metal ions can be separated by complexation with organic ligands to form uncharged chelates.
The chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and ...
Kromatografi: Giriş
Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile ...
Diyaliz
Dialysis separates desired analyte ions or molecules from unwanted molecules, or 'interferents', by allowing the sample solution to diffuse ...
Buharlaşma
Volatilization separates a desired component, known as an analyte, from the other compounds in a sample by converting it to a volatile species through ...
İyon Değişimi
Ion exchange separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the ...
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