Chapter 33
Electromagnetic Waves
Fale elektromagnetyczne
James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his ...
Generowanie promieniowania elektromagnetycznego
The German physicist Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894) was the first to generate and detect certain types of electromagnetic waves in the laboratory. ...
Widmo elektromagnetyczne
Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as ...
Równanie fali elektromagnetycznej
Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields are related to source charges, either static or moving. These fields act on a test charge, whose ...
Płaskie fale elektromagnetyczne I
The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of ...
Płaskie fale elektromagnetyczne II
Consider a plane wavefront traveling in position x-direction with a constant speed. This wavefront can be utilized to obtain the relationship between ...
Prędkość rozchodzenia się fal elektromagnetycznych
Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:
Consider a plane ...
Fale elektromagnetyczne w materii
Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, ...
Energia przenoszona przez fale elektromagnetyczne
Anyone who has used a microwave oven knows there is energy in electromagnetic waves. Sometimes, this energy is obvious, such as in the summer sun's ...
Intensywność fal elektromagnetycznych
The energy transport per unit area per unit time, or the Poynting vector, gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave at any specific time. For a ...
Pęd i ciśnienie promieniowania
An object absorbing an electromagnetic wave would experience a force in the direction of propagation of the wave. This force occurs because ...
Ciśnienie promieniowania: rozwiązywanie problemów
The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum ...
Stojące fale elektromagnetyczne
Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the ...
Fale stojące we wnęce
A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the ...
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