Chapter 33
Visualizing Cells, Tissues, and Molecules
Obrazowanie próbek biologicznych za pomocą mikroskopii optycznej
Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in ...
Kontrast fazowy i interferencyjna mikroskopia kontrastowa
Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular ...
Utrwalanie i cięcie
Two basic types of preparation are used to visualize specimens with a light microscope: wet mounts and fixed specimens.
The simplest type of preparation ...
Mikroskopia immunofluorescencyjna
A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as ...
Immunocytochemia i immunohistochemia
Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The ...
Konfokalna mikroskopia fluorescencyjna
Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability ...
Dynamika białek w żywych komórkach
Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent ...
Mikroskopia fluorescencyjna z całkowitym wewnętrznym odbiciem
Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid ...
Mikroskopia sił atomowych
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, ...
Mikroskopia fluorescencyjna o wysokiej rozdzielczości
Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRFM) provides a better resolution than conventional fluorescence microscopy by reducing the point spread ...
Przegląd mikroskopii elektronowej
The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can ...
Skaningowa mikroskopia elektronowa
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a ...
Transmisyjna mikroskopia elektronowa
In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an ...
Przygotowanie próbek do mikroskopii elektronowej
To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does ...
Mikroskopia elektronowa Immunogold
Immunoelectron microscopy utilizes immunogold labeling of endogenous proteins with specific antibodies to detect and localize these proteins in cells and ...
Mikroskopia krioelektronowa
Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological ...
Tomografia mikroskopu elektronowego i rekonstrukcja pojedynczych cząstek
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron ...
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