이 작품은 뇌 손상의 연구에 뉴저지위원회 후원됩니다.

<ol>
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관심 없음 충돌 선언하지 않습니다.

LFP 방법은 여기에 제시의 neuropathalogical과 행동 결과 많은 모델은 TBI의 널리 사용되는 동물 모델이 될 이유는 외상성 뇌 손상을 검토할 온화한. 이 기법의 타당성과 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위해 고려해야 할 몇 가지 중요한 단계가 있습니다. 예를 들어, 두라의 무결성이 craniectomy 중에 손상되지 않은있는 유일한 동물 LFP의 대상 및 연구에 사용하는 것이 중요합니다. craniectomy 어떤 접착제 또는 시멘트에 의해 occluded 경우 또한 craniectomy 아래 두라 이러한 부분이 유체 압력의 강제로 노출하지 않습니다, 동물이 연구에서 제거되어야합니다. righting 반사 시간이나 사망률이 원하는 범위 내에 있지 않은 경우 마지막으로, 동물은 연구에 포함되지 않습니다. 압력 펄스의 강도가 더 심한 부상을 생성 증가 수 있습니다. 그림 1에 나타난 LFP 장치의 구성은 비교적 간단하고 부상의 정도의 재현성은 오실로 스코프에 대한 압박의 분위기를 모니터링하여 유지됩니다. 오실로 스코프 추적에 곡선의 부드러운 형태 LFP 부상의 유도 방해 수있는 유체에 공기 방울이 없다는 것을 나타냅니다. 테스트 펄스가 부상을 유도하기 전에 전달되어야하며 오실로 스코프 추적이 부드러운 곡선을 전시하지 않는 경우, 공기 방울이 제거되어야합니다. 펄스의 기간은 충돌 테스트 시뮬레이션에서 측정 유도 시간을 나타냅니다 약 20 밀리초입니다. 짧은 펄스의 부상이 더 초점 부상을 생산 가능성이 있습니다. TBI 따라서, 펄스 모델이 기간은 인간. LFP 다음과 같은 형태학의 및 세포 변화는 조직뿐만 아니라 그림 2에서 보여주 astrocytes와 macrophages의 증가 수를 물리적 손상이 포함됩니다. 이곳은 상해의 특징 신호 중 하나가 astrocytes의 증식과 glial 흉터의 형성이라고 설정됩니다. glial 흉터는 유익하고 해로운 효과 24 모두를 가질 표시되었습니다. 마찬가지로, macrophages은 치유 과정 25 시작 때 위상 다음과 같은 부상하는 동안 여러 조직에 축적하는 것으로 알려져 있습니다. 따라서 가짜 컨트롤에 상대적으로 LFP 샘플에서 GFAP 및 MAC1 긍정적인 세포의 증가 숫자는 부상의 유도 나타내는 것입니다. 가짜 컨트롤에서 해당 셀을 특정 마커 표현의 부족 혼자 수술 조작은 부정적인 뇌 조직의 건강에 결과 그 단백질 표현의 변화가 부상 패러다임에만 해당이 없다는 것을 나타냅니다. 그림 3에서 그림 온화한 LFP의 행동 결과는 인지적 및 모터 적자를 포함합니다. MWM의 결과는 LFP 생쥐 결국 가짜 마우스보다 느린 속도지만, 작업을 배우고 그들이 훈련 후 잘 하루가 작업을 기억하지 나타냅니다. 따라서, 심지어는 가벼운 부상 마우스는 이후의 테스트 기간 동안 검색할 수 있어야합니다 공간 정보를, 프로세스 통합, 그리고 저장하는 외부 신호를 사용하는에서 사기 마우스보다 효율적입니다. 이러한 시설이 두려움 반응과 같은 다른 hippocampal 종속 인지적 작업 LFP 26 대상이 생쥐에서 장애인으로 표시되었습니다. 마지막으로, 짧은 대기 시간은 가벼운 부상으로 다음과 같은 최대 3 주 rotarod 패러다임의 사기 마우스에 비해 LFP 마우스로 가을하면 통합 vestibulomotor 및 sensorimotor 기능의 결손의 지표이다. 더 적당한 부상은 다른 그룹에 27-30로 표시되어 같이인지 및 운동 기능에 이상 눈에 띄는 변화를 보여줄 것입니다. 그것이 예상 기준 중 많은 것들을 충족하기 때문에 요컨대, LFP 인간 TBI의 유효한 모델입니다. LFP는 건설 타당성을 제공한다는 점에서 그것은 인간의 TBI 유도 etiological 프로세스를 다시 만듭니다. 특히, 포스와 사망률의 크기는 사전에 부상 수술 개입은 동물 모델에 고유한되는 경고와 온화하고 적당한 스포츠 및 자동차 관련 부상에서 발생하는 것과 비슷합니다. LFP는 또한 인간의 TBI의 관찰 해부, 생화학, neuropathological 및 행동 효과의 많은 것을 LFP recapitulates의 얼굴 유효 기간을 나타냅니다. 초점과 확산 LFP 후에 감지된 변화와 영향의 lateralization 모두 하나가 contralateral 측면에 해당하는 부상을 ipsilateral 측면에 형태학의 손상을 비교할 수 있습니다 있습니다. 하나 주의해야 할 점은인지하고 모터 효과가 하나의 반구를 손상의 결과로 좀 더 정교한 수있다. 마지막으로, LFP는 예측 타당성을 전시하고 LFP 기술의 신뢰성은 부상 20 유도 앞이나 뒤에 다양한 약리과 유전자 조작의 평가를 수 있습니다. 이러한 혈압, 혈액 산도 피로 생리 변수건가 ... 치료 요원의 행동의 메커니즘을 결정하는 시험 약물의 존재와 부재에 측정해야합니다. 그러나, 때문에 TBI의 기본 및 보조 결과의 복잡한 특성, 그것은 증상을 모두 낮출 수있다 하나의 개입을 식별하는 어려운 작업입니다. LFP 기법에 대한 하나의 미래를 고려 유체 15 진자에 의해 전달되는 힘을 보정의 필요성을 제거하고 같은 공기 방울로 운영 변수를 방지하기위한 마이크로 프로세서 제어, pneumatically 주도 악기를 고용 마이크로 유체 타악기의 사용을 수 있습니다 . 그러나, 표준 LFP 접근이 더 나은 개입 및 치료제로 이어질 것입니다 TBI 다음과 같은 피해 및 복구를 기본 분자 메커니즘을 탐구하기 위해 안정적이고 간단한 방법으로 많은 연구에 의해 입증되었습니다.

<ul><li> 생쥐에 대한 Stereotaxic 정렬 악기 (Kopf 악기) </li><li> 마우스 가스 마취 헤드 홀더 (Kopf 악기) </li><li> O 2 플러시 (파클랜드 과학)과 마취 기계 </li><li> O2 플러시 (파클랜드 과학)과 마취 기계 </li><li> Buprenorphrine (웹스터 동물 공급) </li><li> 새로고침 Lacri 루브 아이 연고 (피셔) </li><li> Bupivacaine / Marcaine (웹스터 동물 공급) </li><li> Povidone - 요오드 용액 (피셔) </li><li> 20g 1 ½ &quot;바늘 (백톤 디킨슨) </li><li> 메스 블레이드 (# 15)과 홀더 (백톤 디킨슨) </li><li> 불독 클램프 (파인 과학 도구) </li><li> 치과 도구 또는 뼈 스크레이퍼 (파인 과학 도구) </li><li> 포셉 더몬트 쥐고 사이드 # 6 (파인 과학 도구) </li><li> 3mm 외경 trephine (연구 계측 센터, 펜실베니아 대학) </li><li> 솔리드 나일론 코드 (1.7 mm 직경 예 비드 라인 트리머) </li><li> 슈퍼 접착제 겔 </li><li> Loctite cyanoacrylate 접착제 (Loctite 444 탁 박) (헨켈 공사) </li><li> 제트 아크릴 액체 (버틀러 Schein) </li><li> 파마의 Reline / 수리 수지 (버틀러 Schein) </li><li> 스토리지 오실로 스코프 TDS 1001B, 40 MHz의, 500MS / s의 (텍트로닉스) </li><li> 외상 유도 압력 변환기 증폭기 (사용자 정의 설계 및 제작, 버지니아 커먼 웰스 대학) </li><li> LFP 장치 (사용자 정의 설계 및 제작, 버지니아 커먼 웰스 대학) </li><li> 고압 튜브, 길이 41cm, 볼륨 2ml (백스터) </li><li> 3M Vetbond 조직 접착제 (피셔) </li></ul>

lateral fluid percussion: model of traumatic brain injury in mice

외상성 뇌 손상 (TBI) 머리 부상의 증가 의식에 의한 연구가 달성 갱신 추진력, 병적 상태와 사망률의 결과. 재생 프로세스 1,2 뒤에 아르 TBI, 복잡하고 이질적인 보조 결과 결과, 다음 주 부상의 성격에 따라. 주 상해는 두개골 골절 또는 전단 및 이동 3,4로 인해 두뇌의 조직 발생 변위의 스트레칭의 두뇌에 직접 타박상에 의해 유도된 수 있습니다. 그 결과 hematomas과 상처는 혈관 반응 3,5 원인, 그리고 흰색 물질의 형태학의 기능적인 손상이 axonal 부상 6-8을 무마하기 위해 연결됩니다. 일반적으로 두뇌에서 볼 추가 보조 변경 부종 증가 intracranial 압력 9아르. TBI에 따라 궁극적으로 장기적인 신경 장애를 초래할 13,14 excitotoxic 신경 전달 물질, 면역 중재자와 산소 래디 칼 10-12의 출시와 관련된 생화 학적 및 생리 학적 경로의 미세한 변경이 있습니다. 따라서 인간과 설치류 TBI에있는 유사한 세포와​​ 분자 이벤트 부상 및 수리를 기본 메커니즘을 연구를위한 중요한 것을 TBI의 적절한 동물 모델을 선택. 유체 타진, 대뇌 피질의 충격과 체중 드롭 / 충격 가속 1 : TBI의 다양한 실험 모델은 그 중 세 특정 모델을 널리 설치류에 맞게 있으며, 인간 관찰 TBI의 측면을 재현하기 위해 개발되었습니다. 유체 타악 장치는 그대로 두라에 간단한 유체 압력 펄스를 적용하여 craniectomy를 통해 부상을 생산하고 있습니다. 펄스는 액체의 저수지의 피스톤을 때리는 진자에 의해 생성됩니다. 타악기는 간단한 변위 및 신경 조직 1,15의 변형을 생산하고 있습니다. 반대로 피질 충격 부상 공압 압력 16,17 아래 단단한 임팩터 통해 그대로 두라에 기계적 에너지를 제공합니다. 체중 드롭 / 충격 모델은 닫힌 해골 18 특정 질량을 가진 막대의 가을이 특징입니다. TBI 모델 중 LFP 혼합 초점 및 확산 뇌 손상 19 평가할 수있는 가장 설립하여 일반적으로 사용되는 모델입니다. 그것은 다시 재현할 수 있습니까 부상 매개 변수의 조작 수 있도록 표준화합니다. LFP의 recapitulates 부상 따라서는 임상 관련 렌더링, 인간 관찰, 임상 번역 20 소설 치료제의 탐험을 허용합니다. 우리는 생쥐에서 LFP 절차를 수행하기 위해 상세한 프로토콜을 설명합니다. 입은 부상은 피질, 해마의 가장 취약하고 코퍼스의 callosum 같은 뇌 영역과 중간에 온화합니다. Hippocampal 및 모터 학습 작업 LFP 다음과 탐험하고 있습니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Lateral Fluid Percussion: Model of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice at JoVE.com

Lateral Fluid Percussion: Model of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

래터럴 유체 타진 (LFP), 생쥐의 외상성 뇌 손상의 설립 모델이 증명됩니다. LFP 동물 모델에 대한 세 가지 주요 기준을 충족 : 타당성, 안정성 및 임상 관련. 수술 craniotomy 구성 절차, 허브의 고정은 초점과 확산 부상의 결과로, 상해의 유도 뒤에 설명되어 있습니다.

측면 유체 타악기 : 마우스의 외상성 뇌 손상 모델

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) research has attained renewed momentum due to the increasing awareness of head injuries, which result in morbidity and ...

lateral-fluid-percussion-model-of-traumatic-brain-injury-in-mice

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

40.4K 조회수.  University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. 래터럴 유체 타진 (LFP), 생쥐의 외상성 뇌 손상의 설립 모델이 증명됩니다. LFP 동물 모델에 대한 세 가지 주요 기준을 충족 : 타당성, 안정성 및 임상 관련. 수술 craniotomy 구성 절차, 허브의 고정은 초점과 확산 부상의 결과로, 상해의 유도 뒤에 설명되어 있습니다.

비디오: Lateral Fluid Percussion: Model of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

A Method to Inflict Closed Head Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people each year, causing impairment of physical, cognitive, and behavioral functions and death. Studies using Drosophila have contributed important breakthroughs in understanding neurological processes. Thus, with the goal of understanding the cellular and molecular basis of TBI pathologies in humans, we developed the High Impact Trauma (HIT) device to inflict closed head TBI in flies. Flies subjected to the HIT device display phenotypes consistent with human TBI such as temporary incapacitation and progressive neurodegeneration. The HIT device uses a spring-based mechanism to propel flies against the wall of a vial, causing mechanical damage to the fly brain. The device is inexpensive and easy to construct, its operation is simple and rapid, and it produces reproducible results. Consequently, the HIT device can be combined with existing experimental tools and techniques for flies to address fundamental questions about TBI that can lead to the development of diagnostics and treatments for TBI. In particular, the HIT device can be used to perform large-scale genetic screens to understand the genetic basis of TBI pathologies.

A Method to Inflict Closed Head Traumatic Brain Injury in Drosophila

Here we describe a method to inflict closed head traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Drosophila. This method provides a gateway to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie TBI pathologies using the vast array of experimental tools and techniques available for flies.

폐쇄 머리 외상성 뇌 손상을 입힐 수있는 방법<em&gt; 초파리</em

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects millions of people each year, causing impairment of physical, cognitive, and behavioral functions and death. Studies ...

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Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

The mammalian brain exhibits marked symmetry across the sagittal plane. However, detailed description of neural dynamics in symmetric brain regions in adult mammalian animals remains elusive. In this study, we describe an experimental procedure for measuring calcium dynamics through dual optical windows above bilateral primary somatosensory corticies (S1) in Thy1-GCaMP6s transgenic mice using 2-photon (2P) microscopy. This method enables recordings and quantifications of neural activity in bilateral mouse brain regions one at a time in the same experiment for a prolonged period in vivo. Key aspects of this method, which can be completed within an hour, include minimally invasive surgery procedures for creating dual optical windows, and the use of 2P imaging. Although we only demonstrate the technique in the S1 area, the method can be applied to other regions of the living brain facilitating the elucidation of structural and functional complexities of brain neural networks.

Imaging Neural Activity in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Using Thy1-GCaMP6s Transgenic Mice

We describe an experimental procedure for measuring neuronal activity through dual optical windows above bilateral primary somatosensory corticies (S1) in Thy1-GCaMP6s transgenic mice using 2-photon (2P) microscopy in vivo.

Thy1를 사용 하 여 기본 Somatosensory 피 질에서 신경 활동을 이미징-GCaMP6s 유전자 변형 쥐

The mammalian brain exhibits marked symmetry across the sagittal plane. However, detailed description of neural dynamics in symmetric brain regions in ...

Automated Gait Analysis in Mice with Chronic Constriction Injury

The von Frey test is a classical method that has been widely used to examine the sensory function of neuropathic pain animals. However, it has some disadvantages such as subjective data and the requirement of a skilled, experienced experimenter. To date, a variety of modifications have improved the von Frey method, but it still has a few limitations. Recent reports have suggested that gait analysis produces more accurate and objective data from the neuropathic animals. This protocol demonstrates how to perform the automated gait analysis to determine the degree of neuropathic pain in mice. After several days of acclimation, the mice were allowed to walk freely on the glass floor to illuminate footprints. Then, quantification of the footprints and gait were performed through video clips with automatic analysis of various walking parameters, such as area of paw print, swing time, angle of paw, etc.
The main purpose of this study is to describe the methodology of automated gait analysis and briefly compare it with data from the classical sensory test using von Frey filament.

The precise assessment of pain response in a neuropathic animal model is critical to investigate the pathophysiology of pain diseases and develop new analgesics. We present a sensitive and objective method to determine the sensory function of the rodent hind paw by an automated gait analysis system.

만성 수축 부상으로 쥐에 있는 자동화 된 걸음 걸이 분석

The von Frey test is a classical method that has been widely used to examine the sensory function of neuropathic pain animals. However, it has some ...

A Novel In Vitro Model of Blast Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in military and civilian populations. Blast traumatic brain injury results from the detonation of explosive devices, however, the mechanisms that underlie the brain damage resulting from blast overpressure exposure are not entirely understood and are believed to be unique to this type of brain injury. Preclinical models are crucial tools that contribute to better understand blast-induced brain injury. A novel in vitro blast TBI model was developed using an open-ended shock tube to simulate real-life open-field blast waves modelled by the Friedlander waveform. C57BL/6N mouse organotypic hippocampal slice cultures were exposed to single shock waves and the development of injury was characterized up to 72 h using propidium iodide, a well-established fluorescent marker of cell damage that only penetrates cells with compromised cellular membranes. Propidium iodide fluorescence was significantly higher in the slices exposed to a blast wave when compared with sham slices throughout the duration of the protocol. The brain tissue injury is very reproducible and proportional to the peak overpressure of the shock wave applied.

A Novel In Vitro Model of Blast Traumatic Brain Injury

This paper describes a novel model of primary blast traumatic brain injury. A compressed-air driven shock tube is used to expose in vitro mouse hippocampal slice cultures to a single shock wave. This is a simple and rapid protocol generating a reproducible brain tissue injury with a high throughput.

모델을 새로운 시험관에 폭발 외상 성 뇌 손상의

Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in military and civilian populations. Blast traumatic brain injury results from the ...

Effects of Blast-induced Neurotrauma on Pressurized Rodent Middle Cerebral Arteries

Though there have been studies on the histopathological and behavioral effects of blast exposure, fewer have been dedicated to blast&#39;s cerebral vascular effects. Impact (i.e., non-blast) traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to decrease pressure autoregulation in the cerebral vasculature in both humans and experimental animals. The hypothesis that blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI), like impact TBI, results in impaired cerebral vascular reactivity was tested by measuring myogenic dilatory responses to reduced intravascular pressure in rodent middle cerebral arterial (MCA) segments from rats subjected to mild bTBI using an Advanced Blast Simulator (ABS) shock tube. Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized, intubated, ventilated and prepared for Sham bTBI (identical manipulation and anesthesia except for blast injury) or mild bTBI. Rats were randomly assigned to receive Sham bTBI or mild bTBI followed by sacrifice 30 or 60 min post-injury. Immediately after bTBI, righting reflex (RR) suppression times were assessed, euthanasia at the time points post-injury was completed, the brain was harvested and the individual MCA segments were collected, mounted and pressurized. As the intraluminal pressure perfused through the arterial segments was reduced in 20 mmHg increments from 100 to 20 mmHg, MCA diameters were measured and recorded. With decreasing intraluminal pressure, MCA diameters steadily increased significantly above baseline in the Sham bTBI groups while MCA dilator responses were significantly reduced (p &#60; 0.05) in both bTBI groups as evidenced by the impaired, smaller MCA diameters recorded for the bTBI groups. In addition, RR suppression in the bTBI groups was significantly (p &#60; 0.05) higher than in the Sham bTBI groups. MCA&#39;s collected from the Sham bTBI groups exhibited typical vasodilatory properties to decreases in intraluminal pressure while MCA&#39;s collected following bTBI exhibited significantly impaired myogenic vasodilatory responses to reduced pressure that persisted for at least 60 min after bTBI.

Here, we present a protocol to describe methods for ex vivo vascular reactivity determination following a primary blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) using isolated, pressurized, rodent middle cerebral arterial (MCA) segments. bTBI induction is accomplished using a shock tube, also known as an Advanced Blast Simulator (ABS) device.

가압된 설치류에 폭발을 이용한 Neurotrauma의 효과 중간 대뇌 동맥

Though there have been studies on the histopathological and behavioral effects of blast exposure, fewer have been dedicated to blast&#39;s cerebral ...

Investigating Alterations in Caecum Microbiota After Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Increasing evidence shows that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of brain diseases. Several studies also demonstrate that traumatic brain injuries cause changes to the gut microbiota. However, mechanisms underlying the bidirectional regulation of the brain-gut axis remain unknown. Currently, few models exist for studying the changes in gut microbiota after traumatic brain injury. Therefore, the presented study combines protocols for inducing traumatic brain injury using a lateral fluid percussion device and analysis of caecum samples following injury for investigating alterations in the gut microbiome. Alterations of the gut microbiota composition after traumatic brain injury are determined using 16S-rDNA sequencing. This protocol provides an effective method for studying the relationships between enteric microorganisms and traumatic brain injury.

Presented here is a protocol to induce diffuse traumatic brain injury using a lateral fluid percussion device followed by the collection of the caecum content for gut microbiome analysis.

쥐에서 외상성 뇌 손상 후 Caecum Microbiota에서 변경 을 조사

Increasing evidence shows that the microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of brain diseases. Several studies also ...

Advanced Diffusion Imaging in The Hippocampus of Rats with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common type of acquired brain injury. Since patients with traumatic brain injury show a tremendous variability and heterogeneity (age, gender, type of trauma, other possible pathologies, etc.), animal models play a key role in unraveling factors that are limitations in clinical research. They provide a standardized and controlled setting to investigate the biological mechanisms of injury and repair following TBI. However, not all animal models mimic the diffuse and subtle nature of mTBI effectively. For example, the commonly used controlled cortical impact (CCI) and lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) models make use of a craniotomy to expose the brain and induce widespread focal trauma, which are not commonly seen in mTBI. Therefore, these experimental models are not valid to mimic mTBI. Thus, an appropriate model should be used to investigate mTBI. The Marmarou weight drop model for rats induces similar microstructural alterations and cognitive impairments as seen in patients who sustain mild trauma; therefore, this model was selected for this protocol. Conventional computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans commonly show no damage following a mild injury, because mTBI induces often only subtle and diffuse injuries. With diffusion weighted MRI, it is possible to investigate microstructural properties of brain tissue, which can provide more insight into the microscopic alterations following mild trauma. Therefore, the goal of this study is to obtain quantitative information of a selected region-of-interest (i.e., hippocampus) to follow up disease progression after obtaining a mild and diffuse brain injury.

The overall goal of this procedure is to obtain quantitative microstructural information of the hippocampus in a rat with mild traumatic brain injury. This is done using an advanced diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging protocol and region-of-interest based analysis of parametric diffusion maps.

가벼운 외상성 뇌 손상을 가진 쥐의 해마에 있는 향상된 확산 화상 진찰

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common type of acquired brain injury. Since patients with traumatic brain injury show a tremendous ...

Murine Model of Controlled Cortical Impact for the Induction of Traumatic Brain Injury

The Centers for Disease Control and Injury Prevention estimate that almost 2 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year in the United States. In fact, TBI is a contributing factor to over a third of all injury-related mortality. Nonetheless, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of TBI are poorly understood. Thus, preclinical models of TBI capable of replicating the injury mechanisms pertinent to TBI in human patients are a critical research need. The controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI utilizes a mechanical device to directly impact the exposed cortex. While no model can full recapitulate the disparate injury patterns and heterogeneous nature of TBI in human patients, CCI is capable of inducing a wide range of clinically applicable TBI. Furthermore, CCI is easily standardized allowing investigators to compare results across experiments as well as across investigative groups. The following protocol is a detailed description of applying a severe CCI with a commercially available impacting device in a murine model of TBI.

Here we describe a protocol for the induction of murine traumatic brain injury via an open-head controlled cortical impact.

외상성 뇌 손상의 유도에 대한 제어 피질 영향의 뮤린 모델

The Centers for Disease Control and Injury Prevention estimate that almost 2 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year in the ...

Low-intensity Blast Wave Model for Preclinical Assessment of Closed-head Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Rodents

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a large-scale public health problem. Mild TBI is the most prevalent form of neurotrauma and accounts for a large number of medical visits in the United States. There are currently no FDA-approved treatments available for TBI. The increased incidence of military-related, blast-induced TBI further accentuates the urgent need for effective TBI treatments. Therefore, new preclinical TBI animal models that recapitulate aspects of human blast-related TBI will greatly advance the research efforts into the neurobiological and pathophysiological processes underlying mild to moderate TBI as well as the development of novel therapeutic strategies for TBI.
Here we present a reliable, reproducible model for the investigation of the molecular, cellular, and behavioral effects of mild to moderate blast-induced TBI. We describe a step-by-step protocol for closed-head, blast-induced mild TBI in rodents using a bench-top setup consisting of a gas-driven shock tube equipped with piezoelectric pressure sensors to ensure consistent test conditions. The benefits of the setup that we have established are its relative low-cost, ease of installation, ease of use and high-throughput capacity. Further advantages of this non-invasive TBI model include the scalability of the blast peak overpressure and the generation of controlled reproducible outcomes. The reproducibility and relevance of this TBI model has been evaluated in a number of downstream applications, including neurobiological, neuropathological, neurophysiological and behavioral analyses, supporting the use of this model for the characterization of processes underlying the etiology of mild to moderate TBI.

We present here a protocol of a blast wave model for rodents to investigate neurobiological and pathophysiological effects of mild to moderate traumatic brain injury. We established a gas-driven, bench-top setup equipped with pressure sensors allowing for reliable and reproducible generation of blast-induced mild to moderate traumatic brain injury.

설치류의 폐쇄 머리 경미한 외상성 뇌 손상의 전임상 평가를위한 저강도 폭발파 모델

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a large-scale public health problem. Mild TBI is the most prevalent form of neurotrauma and accounts for a large number of ...

Electromagnetic Controlled Closed-Head Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

Highly reproducible animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with well-defined pathologies, are needed for testing therapeutic interventions and understanding the mechanisms of how a TBI alters brain function. The availability of multiple animal models of TBI is necessary to model the different aspects and severities of TBI seen in people. This manuscript describes the use of a midline closed head injury (CHI) to develop a mouse model of mild TBI. The model is considered mild because it does not produce structural brain lesions based on neuroimaging or gross neuronal loss. However, a single impact creates enough pathology that cognitive impairment is measurable at least 1 month after injury. A step-by-step protocol to induce a CHI in mice using a stereotaxically guided electromagnetic impactor is defined in the paper. The benefits of the mild midline CHI model include the reproducibility of the injury-induced changes with low mortality. The model has been temporally characterized up to 1 year after the injury for neuroimaging, neurochemical, neuropathological, and behavioral changes. The model is complementary to open skull models of controlled cortical impact using the same impactor device. Thus, labs can model both mild diffuse TBI and focal moderate-to-severe TBI with the same impactor.

The protocol describes mild traumatic brain injury in a mouse model. In particular, a step-by-step protocol to induce a mild midline closed head injury and the characterization of the animal model is fully explained.

생쥐의 경미한 외상성 뇌 손상에 대한 전자기 제어 폐쇄 머리 모델

Highly reproducible animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), with well-defined pathologies, are needed for testing therapeutic interventions and ...