Chapter 14
Channels and the Electrical Properties of Membranes
아쿠아포린
Aquaporins or AQPs are a family of integral membrane proteins whose primary function is to transport water, while some called aquaglyceroporins also ...
Non-gated 이온 채널
Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is ...
리간드 게이트 이온 채널
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when ...
전압 의존성 이온 채널
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the ...
기계적으로 게이트된 이온 채널
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, ...
뉴런 구조
Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other ...
휴지막 전위
The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is ...
휴지 전위 감퇴
The resting membrane potential of a neuron (-70mV) is sustained due to the selective ion permeability of the membrane. At the resting potential, the ...
활동전위
Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of ...
채널 로돕신
Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some ...
패치 클램프
Many fundamental cell functions such as muscle contraction and nerve transmission rely on the electrical signals produced by the movement of positively ...
전기 시냅스
Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very ...
화학적 시냅스
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because ...
신경전달물질의 흥분성 및 억제 효과(Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters)
When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical ...
근육 수축
In skeletal muscles, acetylcholine is released by nerve terminals at the motor endplate—the point of synaptic communication between motor neurons ...
뉴런 계산에서 이온 채널의 역할
A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates ...
장기 강화(Long-term Potentiation)
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the ...
장기 우울증
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the ...
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