Partial equilibrium analysis is an economic approach used to study the equilibrium condition in a single market or a specific sector, assuming that other ...

General equilibrium analysis is a fundamental concept in economics. It examines how supply and demand interact simultaneously across multiple markets. ...

General equilibrium analysis examines how different markets within an economy interact and adjust to reach a state of balance. However, equilibrium does ...

The Rawlsian social welfare function, introduced by philosopher John Rawls, is a framework in welfare economics that assesses societal well-being by ...

Pareto efficiency, also known as Pareto optimality, is a key concept in economics and decision theory that describes the allocation of resources where no ...

The Edgeworth Box, introduced by Francis Edgeworth, is a graphical tool used to analyze the efficient allocation of resources between two entities, such ...

Assessing the efficiency of resource allocations requires an understanding of individual preferences, often represented by indifference curves. These ...

Exchange efficiency occurs at the tangency point of the two individuals' indifference curves. At this point, the marginal rates of substitution (MRS) for ...

The distribution of goods among consumers is primarily shaped by market prices, which act as signals of relative scarcity and value. These prices guide ...

In an Edgeworth box, the Consumption Contract Curve identifies all Pareto-efficient allocations of goods between two consumers. These allocations are ...

Input efficiency refers to the way productive resources like labor and capital are distributed across industries to maximize overall output. Unlike ...

In any production process, resources such as labor and capital must be allocated efficiently to maximize output. When multiple producers rely on the same ...

When the isoquants of two producers are tangential, they have the same Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution (MRTS) at that point. The MRTS describes ...

The production contract curve represents a set of Pareto-efficient allocations of inputs—such as capital and labor—between two producers when the ...

The Edgeworth Box illustrates all possible ways to allocate a fixed amount of labor and capital between two firms—one producing wheat and the other ...

Output efficiency guarantees that an economy allocates resources effectively to produce goods and services that reflect consumer preferences. It ...

The Marginal Rate of Transformation (MRT) is a key concept in understanding output efficiency. It measures the rate at which resources must be reallocated ...

Output efficiency happens when resources are used in a way that balances what people want with how goods are produced. This means the marginal rate of ...

The First Welfare Theorem explains how resources are allocated efficiently in perfectly competitive markets. It states that in these markets, ...

Markets don’t always work perfectly. In theory, they should allocate resources efficiently, but real-world problems often get in the way. One major ...

The Second Welfare Theorem states that any Pareto-efficient allocation can be reached with proper redistribution. It suggests that an equitable initial ...

Lump-sum transfers help redistribute wealth without altering people’s work or consumption choices. Unlike taxes or subsidies, which change behavior by ...