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Core - Physics

    Chapter 21

    The Second Law of Thermodynamics

    21.1 : Reversible and Irreversible Processes01:14

    21.1 : Reversible and Irreversible Processes

    The thermodynamic processes can be classified into reversible and irreversible processes. The processes that can be restored to their initial state are ...

    4.1K views
    21.2 : Heat Engines01:10

    21.2 : Heat Engines

    A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam ...

    2.7K views
    21.3 : Internal Combustion Engine01:20

    21.3 : Internal Combustion Engine

    The internal combustion engine is a heat engine that uses the byproducts of combustion as the working fluid instead of using a heat transfer medium to ...

    1.1K views
    21.4 : Otto and Diesel Cycle01:27

    21.4 : Otto and Diesel Cycle

    An Otto engine is a four-stroke engine that uses a mixture of gasoline and air as the working fuel. The fuel is injected into the cylinder, and the piston ...

    1.5K views
    21.5 : Refrigerators and Heat Pumps01:07

    21.5 : Refrigerators and Heat Pumps

    Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, ...

    2.2K views
    21.6 : Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:15

    21.6 : Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics

    The second law of thermodynamics can be stated in several different ways, and all of them can be shown to imply the others. The Clausius’ statement ...

    2.6K views
    21.7 : The Carnot Cycle01:30

    21.7 : The Carnot Cycle

    Converting work to heat is an irreversible process, and the purpose of a heat engine is to reverse the effect partially. Heat engines aim to increase the ...

    2.8K views
    21.8 : Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle01:16

    21.8 : Efficiency of The Carnot Cycle

    The hypothetical Carnot cycle consists of an ideal gas subjected to two isothermal and two adiabatic processes. Since the internal energy of an ideal gas ...

    2.5K views
    21.9 : The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

    21.9 : The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

    The Carnot engine works between two heat reservoirs of fixed temperatures. The Carnot cycle begs the following question: Is it possible to devise a heat ...

    2.5K views
    21.10 : Entropy01:18

    21.10 : Entropy

    The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the ...

    2.6K views
    21.11 : Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

    21.11 : Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

    In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The ...

    2.5K views
    21.12 : Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

    21.12 : Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

    The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system. The ...

    2.8K views
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