这项工作得到了犹他大学副会长办公室的支持, 以及与 P30 CA042014 授予洪博培癌症研究所的拨款以及洪博培癌症研究所的 CRR 计划。

1. 烷阴性的制作
<ol><li>
烷的制备
	<ol>
<li>测量18克的有机硅弹性体和1.8 克的固化试剂。将固化试剂倒入含有弹性体的测量船上。</li>
		<li>将弹性体和固化试剂搅拌1分钟, 将混合物放入真空室30分钟。</li>
		<li>从真空中取出该硅烷, 用一个曲奇刀 (半径 = 3.8 厘米) 将 15 g 倒到底片上, 以防止其从侧面跑掉, 并覆盖其余的混合材料。</li>
		<li>将含有该硅烷的模具放入真空室10分钟。</li>
		<li>从真空室取出含有该硅烷的模具, 将其放在热板上, 设置为150°c 60 分钟即可固化, 并用铝箔盖住。</li>
		<li>将剩余的新的一级玻璃培养皿 (直径为10厘米) 倒入另一台, 用另一个曲奇刀作为模具, 创建一垫。把这个放进真空室, 直到它的阴性完全固化。</li>
		<li>将培养皿从真空转到预热热板, 在150摄氏度处进行60分钟的固化。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
烷的等离子表面处理
	<ol>
<li>插入一个锋利的剃刀刀片下的, 并从饼干切割机, 以谨慎地删除从负面的。</li>
		<li>用一把锋利的嗜好刀, 从更大的部分中切下底片;它应该被削减与足够的缓冲面积, 以附加另一块在它的顶部, 而不妨碍负面。</li>
		<li>插入一个锋利的剃刀刀片下面的固化与阴性, 以谨慎地从培养皿中取出。</li>
		<li>使用一个爱好刀切出一张从垫子上的一块, 这是相同大小的一块切的底片。然后, 用足够的空间在微通道上剪下一个长方形, 当它放在负极的顶端时, 它就能适应它。</li>
		<li>将两片 (负极和矩形) 放在平坦的基板上 (如由玻璃、石英、聚苯乙烯或其他材料制成的幻灯片), 并将其插入射频 (RF) 等离子清洗器中。关上车门, 用真空泵把空气排出, 封住房间。使用数字真空压力控制器将空气注入 400 mTorr 的压力。 注: 如果用于等离子清洗的基板未在等离子清洁器中使用, 则在处理阴性之前将其放入等离子清洗剂中, 以防止丙烯酸基层粘附到基体上。</li>
		<li>将 RF 设置变高, 并在 "查看" 窗口中显示粉红色的空气等离子。等离子-在三十年代将这两片微波治疗, 然后将射频设置关闭。允许空气缓慢进入会议厅, 以防止湍流气流干扰会议厅的内容。</li>
		<li>从等离子清洗器中取出该台式, 并将其放在一个。然后, 小心地将该矩形的反相反转到底片上, 然后用一对镊子把它压下来。让它休息10分钟, 让这两个部分, 以坚持彼此。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Fluorosilane 表面处理烷阴性
	<ol>
<li>用吸管把2滴氯 (1 小时, 1 小时, 2 小时, 2 氟辛烷) 硅 (PFOTS) 成小重量的船, 并插入玻璃真空室。</li>
		<li>将其反转到一块铝箔上 (使微通道负极朝上) 并将其放入玻璃真空室。然后, 连续疏散房间24小时。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. MY133 微通道的制作
<ol><li>
MY133-V2000 微通道结构的形成
	<ol>
<li>用400µL 的 MY133-V2000 来填充。 注: 阴性必须略溢出。</li>
		<li>将 MY133-V2000-filled 的负极注入真空室2小时, 以除去任何气泡。</li>
		<li>从真空中取出 MY133-V2000, 然后慢慢地按下溢出的顶部的玻璃滑动, 创建 MY133-V2000 的平坦表面, 防止氧气抑制聚合。 注: 在通道表面的聚硅烷, 会部分抑制聚合, 从而在以后的阶段进行粘结。与石英相比, 玻璃滑块的 UV 透明度略有降低 (35%), 这有助于防止固化装置的任何发黄。</li>
		<li>将 MY133-V2000 插入 400 W uv 烤箱, 并将紫外线辐射量设置为300s 最大强度的 50%, 以治疗 MY133-V2000 微通道。 注: 用于治疗该装置的峰值波长约为375毫微米, 带宽约为 25 nm。大约4500兆焦耳/cm2的功率被用来治疗微通道, 这是稍微超过双倍的最低固化功率的制造商建议。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
建立丙烯酸支架
	<ol>
<li>使用矢量绘图软件绘制丙烯酸基层。确保基层为1.5 毫米厚、75毫米长和25毫米宽的矩形, 其中心矩形测量25毫米 x 11 毫米。</li>
		<li>使用矢量绘图软件绘制丙烯酸中层。确保中间层为矩形 (1.5 毫米厚, 75 毫米长, 25 毫米宽), 中心正方形 (5 毫米 x 5 毫米) 和两个圆 (直径为3毫米), 用15毫米隔开。</li>
		<li>使用矢量绘图软件绘制丙烯酸顶层。确保顶层是矩形 (3 毫米厚, 30 毫米长, 25 毫米宽), 中心正方形 (5 毫米 x 5 毫米) 和两个圆圈 (两个直径为3毫米), 用15毫米隔开。</li>
		<li>剪掉在矢量绘图软件中用激光切割器创建的设备设计。使用100% 电源和30% 速度的示例设置。运行该程序两次, 以确保丙烯酸被切断。</li>
		<li>使用尺寸 M5 0.80 mm 攻丝工具, 点击丙烯酸顶层的孔。</li>
		<li>用丙酮擦拭丙烯酸片, 除去残留痕迹或灼伤。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
MY133-V2000 在丙烯酸酯支架上的粘结
	<ol>
<li>使用粘合剂 (如氰超级胶水) 将丙烯酸的基层附着在玻璃基板上。在丙烯酸的边缘放置两个小水滴, 然后使用一次性工具均匀地分散胶水。将玻璃基板放在丙烯酸上, 并允许胶水用玻璃的重量将其保持在原处。</li>
		<li>用正排量吸管将所暴露的玻璃涂上100µL 的硅烷;然后, 将基层插入真空旋转涂布机, 并将其设置为 1500 rpm, 以2分钟均匀地将玻璃涂上大约 10-µm 厚的一部。</li>
		<li>从旋转涂布机中取下基层, 并仔细擦拭所有用丙酮和纸巾涂丙烯酸的多余的塑料。小心不要打扰成灾。</li>
		<li>用65摄氏度的烤箱将基层烘烤为2小时, 以治疗该硅烷。</li>
		<li>在玻璃滑梯上用1毫升的硅烷, 然后, 再用另一张玻璃滑梯均匀地将其分散, 直到它开始渗出两侧。在150摄氏度的热板上固化10分钟。</li>
		<li>将固化的 MY133-V2000 切割成一个与该设备尺寸相同的矩形, 然后使用丙烯酸的中间层作为模具, 为储层打孔, 并在其上切割一个方形查看窗口, 使其成为塑料垫片。</li>
		<li>将 MY133-V2000, 通道侧向上, 在同一个或类似的平坦基底上, 用于等离子处理在步骤1.2.5 中的。将丙烯酸基层放置在 O2等离子清洗器的 MY133-V2000 通道旁边。将真空压力设置为 200 mTorr, 射频电平高, 表面处理三十年代的通道和玻璃基板。</li>
		<li>使用镊子, 立即将 MY133-V2000 通道侧向下放置在基层丙烯酸的矩形切口中, 这样 MY133-V2000 就能接触到该硅烷。</li>
		<li>在 MY133-V2000 设备的顶部放置一个, 在垫片上的孔与装置中的储层衬在一起。</li>
		<li>将未完成的设备放到工作台上方凸起的平台上, 以提供设备装配的夹紧面。</li>
		<li>用注射器提取3毫升丙烯酸水泥。在基层顶部分配足够的丙烯酸水泥, 以提供薄薄的涂层。尽量使大衣尽可能, 不要让材料渗入通道。</li>
		<li>将中层丙烯酸片放在基层丙烯酸的顶部。确保孔与 MY133-V2000 通道的储层一致。</li>
		<li>用3小钳夹住基层和中间层, 尽可能紧固2分钟, 而丙烯酸水泥硬化, 将丙烯酸片粘合在一起。确保在这一步骤中, 水库不会受阻, 以防止空气被困在 MY133-V2000 装置下面。</li>
		<li>从设备上卸下压力, 将丙烯酸水泥放在与丙烯酸顶层预期接触部位的中间层。</li>
		<li>将丙烯酸的顶层放在丙烯酸的中间层片上, 确保孔与储层对齐, 并允许它在工作台上休息2分钟, 而丙烯酸水泥干燥。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>3. MY133-V2000 装置的测试和使用
<ol><li>
泄漏测试
	<ol>
<li>通过将10µL 的食品染料或去离子水添加到一个储孔中, 测试 MY133-V2000 装置的粘附和流动。</li>
		<li>在储层插入一根管子 (直径1/8 英寸), 并将另一端连接到真空陷阱。打开真空, 将染料或水从通道中拔出, 以确保创建成功的设备。</li>
		<li>在显微镜下检查, 以验证通道或水库没有渗漏, 用乙醇填充水库, 并允许乙醇在室温下坐10分钟。然后, 通过使用真空来拉动乙醇, 从通道中清洗染料或水。</li>
		<li>用乙醇喷洒通道, 放入无菌聚苯乙烯盘中。与 parafilm 紧密包装, 并将其储存在不育的环境中, 直到需要为止。 注意: 在这一点上, 设备必须处理灌装, 以防止污染。当准备使用该设备时, 容器外部应使用乙醇进行灭菌, 并在打开容器之前将其带入安全柜。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
MY133-V2000 装置中的电镀 MCF7 细胞
	<ol>
<li>生长 MCF7 细胞在 10 cm 培养皿在一个完整的媒体组成的 Dulbecco 的最低基本培养基 (DMEM), 补充10% 胎牛血清, 青霉素-链霉素, 谷氨酰胺和非必需氨基酸, 在细胞培养孵化器,保持潮湿的气氛中含有 5% CO2和 20% O2在温度为37摄氏度。在微通道中播种之前, 将细胞生长到大约80% 汇合处。</li>
		<li>首先, 喷洒含有70% 乙醇的微通道的聚苯乙烯盘。然后, 将其放到安全柜中, 然后从环境实验室环境中去除保护通道的 parafilm。</li>
		<li>在微通道表面固定人血浆衍生纤维连接蛋白, 将其在 Dulbecco 磷酸盐缓冲盐水 (DPBS) 中稀释至10µg/毫升。然后, 注入20µL 的这个溶液进入通道和孵化它在20°c 45 分钟。</li>
		<li>将20µL 细胞培养培养基注入通道, 将纤维连接蛋白溶液从通道中冲洗出来, 并使其在20摄氏度处孵化10分钟。</li>
		<li>用10毫升的 DPBS 冲洗细胞, 并胰蛋白酶处理1毫升的1x 胰蛋白酶。孵育细胞在37°c 7 分钟, 中和胰蛋白酶与9毫升完整的培养基。</li>
		<li>注入20µL 的细胞进入通道和孵化他们在37°c 45-120 分钟, 以允许附着在基板成像之前。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Zare, R. N., Kim, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+platforms+for+single-cell+analysis.">Microfluidic platforms for single-cell analysis.</a> Annual Review Biomedical Engineering. 12, 187-201 (2010).</li><li>Neuzi, P., Giselbrecht, S., Lange, K., Huang, T. J., Manz, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Revisiting+lab-on-a-chip+technology+for+drug+discovery.">Revisiting lab-on-a-chip technology for drug discovery.</a> Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 11 (8), 620-632 (2012).</li><li>Xu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+stiffness+is+a+biomarker+of+the+metastatic+potential+of+ovarian+cancer+cells.">Cell stiffness is a biomarker of the metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells.</a> PLoS ONE. 7 (10), 46609 (2012).</li><li>Karakas, H. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+microfluidic+chip+for+screening+individual+cancer+cells+via+eavesdropping+on+autophagy-inducing+crosstalk+in+the+stroma+niche.">A microfluidic chip for screening individual cancer cells via eavesdropping on autophagy-inducing crosstalk in the stroma niche.</a> Scientific Reports. 7 (1), 2050 (2017).</li><li>DeBerardinis, R. J., Lum, J. J., Hatzivassiliou, G., Thompson, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+biology+of+cancer:+metabolic+reprogramming+fuels+cell+growth+and+proliferation.">The biology of cancer: metabolic reprogramming fuels cell growth and proliferation.</a> Cell Metabolism. 7 (1), 11-20 (2008).</li><li>Yin, H., Marshall, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidics+for+single+cell+analysis.">Microfluidics for single cell analysis.</a> Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 23 (1), 110-119 (2012).</li><li>Kemper, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+of+laser+micromanipulated+optically+trapped+cells+by+digital+holographic+microscopy.">Monitoring of laser micromanipulated optically trapped cells by digital holographic microscopy.</a> Journal of Biophotonics. 3 (7), 425-431 (2010).</li><li>Barer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interference+micorscopy+and+mass+determination.">Interference micorscopy and mass determination.</a> Nature. 169 (4296), 366-367 (1952).</li><li>Zangle, T. A., Teitell, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live-cell+mass+profiling:+an+emerging+approach+in+quantitative+biophysics.">Live-cell mass profiling: an emerging approach in quantitative biophysics.</a> Nature Methods. 11 (12), 1221-1228 (2014).</li><li>Chun, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapidly+quantifying+drug+sensitivity+of+dispersed+and+clumped+breast+cancer+cells+by+mass+profiling.">Rapidly quantifying drug sensitivity of dispersed and clumped breast cancer cells by mass profiling.</a> Analyst. 137 (23), 5495-5498 (2012).</li><li>Reed, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Live+cell+interferometry+reveals+cellular+dynamism+during+force+propagation.">Live cell interferometry reveals cellular dynamism during force propagation.</a> Acs Nano. 2 (5), 841-846 (2011).</li><li>Eldridge, W. J., Steelman, Z. A., Loomis, B., Wax, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optical+Phase+Measurements+of+Disorder+Strength+Link+Microstructure+to+Cell+Stiffness.">Optical Phase Measurements of Disorder Strength Link Microstructure to Cell Stiffness.</a> Biophysical Journal. 112 (4), 692-702 (2017).</li><li>Kim, D. N. H., Kim, K. T., Kim, C., Teitell, M. A., Zangle, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soft+lithography+fabrication+of+index-matched+microfluidic+devices+for+reducing+artifacts+in+fluorescence+and+quantitative+phase+imaging.">Soft lithography fabrication of index-matched microfluidic devices for reducing artifacts in fluorescence and quantitative phase imaging.</a> Microfluidics and Nanofluidics. 22 (1), 11 (2018).</li><li>Byron, M. L., Variano, E. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Refractive-index-matched+hydrogel+materials+for+measuring+flow-structure+interactions.">Refractive-index-matched hydrogel materials for measuring flow-structure interactions.</a> Experiments in Fluids. 54 (2), 6 (2013).</li><li>Ogawa, T., Hanada, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfabrication+of+the+UV+transparent+polymer+CYTOP+using+a+conventional+pulsed+green+laser.">Microfabrication of the UV transparent polymer CYTOP using a conventional pulsed green laser.</a> Applied Physics a-Materials Science &amp; Processing. 122 (3), 6 (2016).</li><li>Hanada, Y., Ogawa, T., Koike, K., Sugioka, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Making+the+invisible+visible:+a+microfluidic+chip+using+a+low+refractive+index+polymer.">Making the invisible visible: a microfluidic chip using a low refractive index polymer.</a> Lab on a Chip. 16 (13), 2481-2486 (2016).</li><li>Zangle, T. A., Burnes, D., Mathis, C., Witte, O. N., Teitell, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantifying+biomass+changes+of+single+CD8++T+cells+during+antigen+specific+cytotoxicity.">Quantifying biomass changes of single CD8+ T cells during antigen specific cytotoxicity.</a> PLoS One. 8 (7), 68916 (2013).</li><li>Huang, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+Speed+Live+Cell+Interferometry:+A+New+Method+for+Rapidly+Quantifying+Tumor+Drug+Resistance+and+Heterogeneity.">High Speed Live Cell Interferometry: A New Method for Rapidly Quantifying Tumor Drug Resistance and Heterogeneity.</a> Analytical Chemistry. 90 (5), 3299-3306 (2018).</li><li>Mir, M., Bergamaschi, A., Katzenellenbogen, B. S., Popescu, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+sensitive+quantitative+imaging+for+monitoring+single+cancer+cell+growth+kinetics+and+drug+response.">Highly sensitive quantitative imaging for monitoring single cancer cell growth kinetics and drug response.</a> PLoS ONE. 9 (2), 89000 (2014).</li></ol>

作者没有什么可透露的。

MY133-V2000 可以替代传统的软光刻制造材料, 如新的。以往的研究表明, 具有较高折射率的材料, 例如, 在通道壁附近引入了重要的工件, 这是由于在管道内的制造材料和水溶液之间的折射指数不匹配。13. MY133-V2000 使微流控装置的折射率与生物医学应用中常用的水溶液相匹配。这减少了成像工件时, 结合微流体与先进的显微技术, 提供了明显的优势比传统的微流控材料。该系统使微流控通道的工件减少, 使荧光和定量相显微镜 (图 3) 信号更精确地量化, 甚至接近微通道结构13。
作为一种氟化聚合物, MY133-V2000 通常在通道结构和其它材料之间具有较低的附着力, 因此与传统的制造材料相比, 具有很大的局限性。为了克服这一挑战, 在化学表面处理 (O2等离子), 除了机械压缩创建的设备和塑料垫片之间的基体和一块丙烯酸被使用。对于将机械力从丙烯酸转移到 MY133-V2000 装置, MY133-V2000 的弹性模量较低, 因为它的变形性足以被压缩, 使得它能够保持微通道的位置, 而同时保持它对基板密封。
使用此方法制作微时, 可以遇到两个重要的故障点, 在进行故障排除时应注意。这些都是由于过剩的渣和泄漏从渠道的中心, 从机械压缩的压力是最低的, 从水库渗漏。即使是少量的矿渣从冲孔为储层防止了水库正确地黏附到基体。为防止储层渗漏, 微通道负载有小柱, 直径3毫米, 与模具高度相似, 使储层可以作为微通道的一部分, 而不必使用工具为储层打孔。固化后的储层冲孔产生的炉渣必须在不损坏通道的情况下被冲走 (图 1A)。这在实践中很难实现。为了防止通道中心的泄漏, 在装配过程中不覆盖储层是非常重要的, 以便允许空气从设备下方逸出。如果在将设备粘合在一起时, 储层受阻, 设备下方的空气就无法逃生, 从而产生了流体从通道渗出的空间。
因此, 该协议提出了一种通过表面处理和在丙烯酸支架上安装装置来提高附着力的方法, 从而减轻氟化对聚合物胶粘剂性能的负面影响。这些装置充满了液体, 孵化了多达24小时, 表明该装置在典型的成像实验期间保持功能。MY133-V2000 作为微流控装置的制备材料, 可与 QPM 结合, 测量细胞生物量。以前, QPM 已经被证明可以测量活细胞的生长, 其精确度比常规方法高17。使用 QPM, 可以用单细胞分辨率11、18、19来测量活细胞药物反应。当与 MY133-V2000 结合时, 细胞可以在通道中培养至少1维, 使细胞的生长速率精确地确定。结合微流体和 QPM 的优点, 可以测量受控条件下细胞的生长和活药反应。
该技术的未来应用包括将其纳入更先进的微流控和定量显微实验。MY133-V200013的弹性与先进的微流控技术 (如气动阀) 兼容, 进一步使复杂的几何形状和实验设计得以制造。这里给出的结果显示了使用 QPM 进行定量测量的材料。MY133-V2000 还应与其他定量显微技术相兼容, 如 Frster 共振能量转移或荧光寿命显微镜。这种方法还允许设备安装在和密封的基板上, 使先进的实验设计, 如封装显影在基板。总的来说, MY133-V2000 在微水溶液中进行定量测量时减少了工件, 使之成为制作高精度生物医学测量的微流控通道的理想材料。

微流控技术的发展已使多种新的生物医学技术能够利用微观尺度流的独特物理1,2。这包括在微流控平台上建立的诊断技术, 量化临床相关生物标志物, 包括细胞刚度3、表面标记4和生长5。通过操纵单细胞, 微流控装置也可用于测量生物标志物的异质性, 例如作为恶性肿瘤6的指示器。将微流控应用与显微技术结合在一起的能力进一步增加了这些平台的效用, 允许同时测量多个生物标志物7的设备。
QPM 是一种显微技术, 用于测量光通过时的相移, 并与透明样品内的物质相互作用。通过使用折射率与生物量密度8、9之间的已知关系, 可以从 QPM 测量中计算出单个细胞的质量。先前的研究表明, QPM 能够通过紊乱强度12测量临床相关参数, 如细胞生长10、11和细胞机械性能。当与微流体结合时, QPM 可能被用来测量体外高度控制环境中细胞的行为。QPM 与微流体相结合的主要挑战之一是,通过软光刻13, 大多数聚合物用于构造微流控通道的高折射率。
微流体与各种显微技术相结合所面临的一个重要挑战是器件材料的折射率相对于水的折射率14,15的不匹配。解决这一问题的一种方法是使用低折射率聚合物, 如 CYTOP16或 MY133-V200013。后者是一种氟化紫外 (UV) 固化丙烯酸酯聚合物, 具有类似于水的折射率 (n = 1.33), 并且与软光刻技术兼容, 允许平滑地融入许多已建立的微流控设备制造工作流。这使得 MY133-V2000 不仅适用于微流控设备的制造, 而且还允许它与 QPM 和其他显微方法相结合, 测量细胞在菌落和单细胞尺度上的行为。MY133-V2000 消除了由于相位解缠而产生的工件, 如光通过 water-MY133 接口, 则生成很少的相移。
虽然消除了折射率的不匹配, 但与由氟化聚合物 (如 MY133-V2000) 制造的器件有关的一个主要挑战是低粘附到其他材料, 如玻璃或硅烷。本工作演示了一种利用软光刻技术制备 MY133-V2000 微流控器件的方法。使用 O2等离子处理通道的表面和与定制的丙烯酸固定器结合, 确保该装置附着在基体上, 形成密封通道。该装置适用于细胞培养和 QPM 测量通道内细胞的质量, 在检测活细胞生长和细胞生物量细胞内转运等方面具有重要的应用价值, 两者在诊断中具有临床意义。医学和药物发现。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:828px;" width="828">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">MY133-V2000</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">MY Polymers</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">MY133-V2000</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Sylgard 184</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Ellsworth Adhesives</td>
			<td>184 SIL ELAST KIT 0.5KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Fisher Premium microscope slides</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-544-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">.118&#34;(3.0mm) x 12&#34; x 12&#34; Acrylic Sheet</td>
			<td>United States Plastic Corp</td>
			<td>44290</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">.060&#34;(1.5mm) x 12&#34; x 12&#34; Acrylic Sheet</td>
			<td>United States Plastic Corp</td>
			<td>44200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">SCIGRIP 3 Very Fast Set Acrylic Cement</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">United States Plastic Corp</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">45735</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Standard Aluminum Foil (.6 mm thick)</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">VWR</td>
			<td>89107-726</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Kim Wipes</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">06-666</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Insta-Cure+ Super Glue</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Bob Smith Industries</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">BSI-109</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">1/8&#34; PVC tubing</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">McMaster Carr</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">5231K55</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">McCormick Food Coloring</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Target</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">13353207</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">X-Acto #1 Precision Knife</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">X-Acto</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">X3201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">X-Acto #18 Heavyweight wood chiseling blade</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">X-Acto</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">X218</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">VWR Razor Blades</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">55411-055</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Surface Treated Cell Culture Dishes</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">FBO12922</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Fibronectin Human Plasma</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">F0895-1MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Trypsin-EDTA 10x</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15-400-054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:276px;">Corning Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">MT21030CM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Gibco Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">15-140-148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">HyClone Nonessential Amino Acids 100x</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">SH3023801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Omega Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">FB-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:276px;">Corning DMEM with L-glutamine and glucose</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">MT10013CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:276px;">Trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl)silane</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma-Aldritch</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">448931</td>
			<td>Reacts violently with water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Ethanol, 200 proof Decon Labs</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">04-355-223</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Acetone</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">A18P-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Bel-Art 42025 Plastic Dessicator</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">EW-06514-30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Epilog Fusion Laser Cutter, 120 W</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Epilog Laser</td>
			<td>Epilog Fusion M2 32 Laser</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Isotemp Stirring Hotplate</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>SP88850200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Ateco 14111 1.5 inch stainless steel cutter</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Ateco</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">14111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pyrex Glass Cell Culture Dish</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>08-747B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Radio Frequency Plasma Cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Harrick Plasma</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">PDC-32G</td>
			<td>Used with Oxygen gas</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Black Hole Laboratories Digivac</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Black Hole Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">Model 215</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Intelli-Ray Ultraviolet Oven</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Uvitron</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">UVO338</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Compact Spin Coater</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">MTI Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">VTC-100A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">Fisher Brand Isotemp Oven</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15-103-0510</td>
			<td>Forced Air Convection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:276px;">Gilson Positive Displacement Pipette P1000</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">FD10006G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:276px;">HeraCell VIOS 160i</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">13 998 212PM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fabrication of refractive-index-matched devices for biomedical microfluidics

微流控装置的使用已成为生物医学应用的一个定义工具。当结合现代显微技术, 这些设备可以实现作为一个强大的平台的一部分, 能够作出同时互补测量。这两种技术的结合所产生的主要挑战是传统上用于制造微流控器件的材料与通常用于生物医学的水溶液的折射率不匹配。这种不匹配会在通道或设备边缘附近创建光学工件。一种解决方案是通过使用含氟聚合物 (如 MY133-V2000 的折射率与水 (n = 1.33) 类似) 来减少用于制造装置的材料的折射率。在这里, MY133-V2000 用软光刻技术制造出的微流控装置, 利用 O2等离子与丙烯酸保持架结合, 提高了 MY133-V2000 制造装置与烷基板。然后用细胞培养培养基填充24小时来测试该装置, 以证明该装置在典型的成像实验过程中保持细胞培养条件的能力。最后, 定量相镜 (QPM) 用于测量微通道内活黏附细胞内的质量分布。这样, 就能通过从低折射率聚合物 (如 MY133-V2000) 中制备器件来代替传统的软光刻材料 (如。总的来说, 这种制造微流控器件的方法可以很容易地集成到现有的软光刻工作流中, 以减少光学工件, 提高测量精度。

本协议描述了 MY133-V2000 的制备, 这种聚合物具有低折射率与水相匹配。该协议的一个关键特点是如何克服在使用氧等离子体的情况下缺乏粘附性, 并通过在丙烯酸支架内制造装置来提供密封通道所需的额外机械力。对基板 (图 1)。最终器件的低折射率在宏观尺度上明显显示 (图 2)。由这种材料制成的通道的边缘在空气中明显可见 (图 2a), 但由于折射率的密切匹配, 在浸入水中时很难区分 (图 2B)。这提供了一个快速检查材料的光学性能后, 制造。成功完成的设备如图 2C所示, 其中 MY133-V2000 微通道可以看到丙烯酸封装, 提供了密封微通道所需的额外机械力。一个成功的设备应该显示良好的附着力 (没有气泡) 之间的设备和基体。在设备通道中心存在气泡, 表明在粘结过程中不允许空气逸出, 很可能是由于在丙烯酸水泥装置中的储层受阻造成的。该设备还显示良好的粘贴丙烯酸/玻璃层与最小的鞠躬玻璃基板。这一领域的问题可以解决, 通过分散的粘合剂之间的丙烯酸和玻璃层更均匀或减少微流控装置的厚度, 以防止压力的持有人。最后, 所有三个面板中的储层都显示出清晰的边缘, 边缘没有空隙。这是另一个潜在的问题领域的设备基板附着力, 是消除了使用的设备模具与灌注端口内置。
在微观尺度上, 如果有的话, 很少有工件是通过与微通道的折射率和细胞培养介质相匹配而引入的。这表明, 即使在通道壁附近, 细胞的质量也可以精确地量化 (图 3)。总的来说, 这些结果表明, 在宏观尺度和微观尺度上, 使用含氟聚合物的优点是将微通道的制造材料与水细胞培养介质的折射率相匹配。
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/58296/58296fig1.jpg"> 图 1: MY133-V2000 软光刻工作流.(A) 在用 MY133-V2000 填充模具后, 用玻璃滑块压缩半月板, 以创建平坦的表面并在 UV 烤箱中固化。请注意, 储层的负高度与模具的高度相媲美, 形成深部储层直径3毫米。(B) 在切割丙烯酸后, 底部丙烯酸层被粘在玻璃盖玻片之前, 与它的自旋涂层。顶部的两个丙烯酸层被层压在一起使用丙烯酸水泥。(C) 经固化的 MY133-V2000 装置 (通道侧向上) 和盖玻片用 O2等离子进行表面处理。(D) 最后, 通过将设备表面处理的两侧粘在一起, 将设备组装起来, 盖玻片。然后将该塑料垫片放在 MY133-V2000 装置的顶部, 丙烯酸是用丙烯酸水泥连接而成, 其中的塑料垫片和丙烯酸的中间层与储层相连。组装的设备, 然后用手夹住2分钟, 直到丙烯酸水泥干。(E) 设备的分解视图显示设备的组装方式。(F) 绘图通过成品装置的微通道显示横断面。<a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/58296/58296fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请单击此处查看此图的较大版本.</a>
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/58296/58296fig2.jpg"> 图 2: 已完成的 MY133-V2000 设备的图像.(A) MY133-V2000 装置的边缘在空气中明显可见。(B) 当水淹没时, 同一 MY133-V2000 装置的边缘由于折射率的密切匹配而消失。(C) 这张照片显示了一个完成的设备与丙烯酸持有人。<a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/58296/58296fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">请单击此处查看此图的较大版本.</a>
<img alt="Figure 3" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/58296/58296fig3.jpg"> 图 3: 细胞质量可以精确地量化在微通道结构附近.对 MY133-V2000 微通道中新鲜种子 MCF7 细胞的细胞质量的测量显示, 由于相环绕 (A和B) 的墙壁或 (C) 通道的中心, 没有工件。由于通道材料的折射率和细胞培养介质的紧密匹配, 这些工件在 MY133-V2000 通道中被避免。<a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/58296/58296fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">请单击此处查看此图的较大版本.</a>

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics at JoVE.com

Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics

该协议描述了微流控器件从 MY133-V2000 制造, 以消除由于微通道结构与水溶液之间的折射率不匹配而经常出现在微中的工件。该协议使用丙烯酸的持有人压缩封装的设备, 提高附着力的化学和机械。

生物医学微流体折射率匹配器件的研制

The use of microfluidic devices has emerged as a defining tool for biomedical applications. When combined with modern microscopy techniques, these devices ...

fabrication-refractive-index-matched-devices-for-biomedical

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

7.4K 次观看.  University of Utah. 该协议描述了微流控器件从 MY133-V2000 制造, 以消除由于微通道结构与水溶液之间的折射率不匹配而经常出现在微中的工件。该协议使用丙烯酸的持有人压缩封装的设备, 提高附着力的化学和机械。

视频: Fabrication of Refractive-index-matched Devices for Biomedical Microfluidics

Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can be used to drive liquids in portable microfluidic chips via the acoustic counterflow phenomenon. In this video we present the fabrication protocol for a multilayered SAW acoustic counterflow device. The device is fabricated starting from a lithium niobate (LN) substrate onto which two interdigital transducers (IDTs) and appropriate markers are patterned. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel cast on an SU8 master mold is finally bonded on the patterned substrate. Following the fabrication procedure, we show the techniques that allow the characterization and operation of the acoustic counterflow device in order to pump fluids through the PDMS channel grid. We finally present the procedure to visualize liquid flow in the channels. The protocol is used to show on-chip fluid pumping under different flow regimes such as laminar flow and more complicated dynamics characterized by vortices and particle accumulation domains.

In this video we first describe fabrication and operation procedures of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) acoustic counterflow device. We then demonstrate an experimental setup that allows for both qualitative flow visualization and quantitative analysis of complex flows within the SAW pumping device.

制造，操作和表面声波驱动声逆流微流体流动可视化

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can be used to drive liquids in portable microfluidic chips via the acoustic counterflow phenomenon. In this video we ...

科研

工程学

Analysis of Contact Interfaces for Single GaN Nanowire Devices

Single GaN nanowire (NW) devices fabricated on SiO2 can exhibit a strong degradation after annealing due to the occurrence of void formation at the contact/SiO2 interface. This void formation can cause cracking and delamination of the metal film, which can increase the resistance or lead to a complete failure of the NW device. In order to address issues associated with void formation, a technique was developed that removes Ni/Au contact metal films from the substrates to allow for the examination and characterization of the contact/substrate and contact/NW interfaces of single GaN NW devices. This procedure determines the degree of adhesion of the contact films to the substrate and NWs and allows for the characterization of the morphology and composition of the contact interface with the substrate and nanowires. This technique is also useful for assessing the amount of residual contamination that remains from the NW suspension and from photolithographic processes on the NW-SiO2 surface prior to metal deposition. The detailed steps of this procedure are presented for the removal of annealed Ni/Au contacts to Mg-doped GaN NWs on a SiO2 substrate.

A technique was developed that removes Ni/Au contact metal films from their substrate to allow for the examination and characterization of the contact/substrate and contact/NW interfaces of single GaN nanowire devices.

单氮化镓纳米线设备分析接触界面

Single GaN nanowire (NW) devices fabricated on SiO2 can exhibit  a strong degradation after annealing due to the  occurrence of void formation at the ...

Fabrication and Testing of Microfluidic Optomechanical Oscillators

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including microresonators. However, because of the increased acoustic radiative losses during direct liquid immersion of optomechanical devices, almost all published optomechanical experiments have been performed in solid phase. This paper discusses a recently introduced hollow microfluidic optomechanical resonator. Detailed methodology is provided to fabricate these ultra-high-Q microfluidic resonators, perform optomechanical testing, and measure radiation pressure-driven breathing mode and SBS-driven whispering gallery mode parametric vibrations. By confining liquids inside the capillary resonator, high mechanical- and optical- quality factors are simultaneously maintained.

Parametric optomechanical excitations have recently been experimentally demonstrated in microfluidic optomechanical resonators by means of optical radiation pressure and stimulated Brillouin scattering. This paper describes the fabrication of these microfluidic resonators along with methodologies for generating and verifying optomechanical oscillations.

制造和微流控光机振荡器测试

Cavity optomechanics experiments that parametrically couple the phonon modes and photon modes have been investigated in various optical systems including ...

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Owing to its relativistic low-energy charge carriers, the interaction between graphene and various impurities leads to a wealth of new physics and degrees of freedom to control electronic devices. In particular, the behavior of graphene&#8217;s charge carriers in response to potentials from charged Coulomb impurities is predicted to differ significantly from that of most materials. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) can provide detailed information on both the spatial and energy dependence of graphene&#39;s electronic structure in the presence of a charged impurity.&#160;The design of a hybrid impurity-graphene device, fabricated using controlled deposition of impurities onto a back-gated graphene surface, has enabled several novel methods for controllably tuning graphene&#8217;s electronic properties.1-8 Electrostatic gating enables control of the charge carrier density in graphene and the ability to reversibly tune the charge2 and/or molecular5 states of an impurity. This paper outlines the process of fabricating a gate-tunable graphene device decorated with individual Coulomb impurities for combined STM/STS studies.2-5 These studies provide valuable insights into the underlying physics, as well as signposts for designing hybrid graphene devices.

This paper details the fabrication process of a gate-tunable graphene device, decorated with Coulomb impurities for scanning tunneling microscopy studies. Mapping the spatially dependent electronic structure of graphene in the presence of charged impurities unveils the unique behavior of its relativistic charge carriers in response to a local Coulomb potential.

对于扫描隧道显微学与库仑杂质制造门可调谐石墨烯器件

Owing to its relativistic low-energy charge carriers, the interaction between graphene and various impurities leads to a wealth of new physics and degrees ...

Fabrication and Operation of Acoustofluidic Devices Supporting Bulk Acoustic Standing Waves for Sheathless Focusing of Particles

Acoustophoresis refers to the displacement of suspended objects in response to directional forces from sound energy. Given that the suspended objects must be smaller than the incident wavelength of sound and the width of the fluidic channels are typically tens to hundreds of micrometers across, acoustofluidic devices typically use ultrasonic waves generated from a piezoelectric transducer pulsating at high frequencies (in the megahertz range). At characteristic frequencies that depend on the geometry of the device, it is possible to induce the formation of standing waves that can focus particles along desired fluidic streamlines within a bulk flow. Here, we describe a method for the fabrication of acoustophoretic devices from common materials and clean room equipment. We show representative results for the focusing of particles with positive or negative acoustic contrast factors, which move towards the pressure nodes or antinodes of the standing waves, respectively. These devices offer enormous practical utility for precisely positioning large numbers of microscopic entities (e.g., cells) in stationary or flowing fluids for applications ranging from cytometry to assembly.

Acoustofluidic devices use ultrasonic waves within microfluidic channels to manipulate, concentrate and isolate suspended micro and nanoscopic entities. This protocol describes the fabrication and operation of such a device supporting bulk acoustic standing waves to focus particles in a central streamline without the aid of sheath fluids.

制造和Acoustofluidic设备的运营支撑体声波驻波的聚焦鞘颗粒

Acoustophoresis refers to the displacement of suspended objects in response to directional forces from sound energy. Given that the suspended objects must ...

Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices

We demonstrate a method for the preparation of fully solution processed inorganic solar cells from a spin and spray coating deposition of nanocrystal inks. For the photoactive absorber layer, colloidal CdTe and CdSe nanocrystals (3-5 nm) are synthesized using an inert hot injection technique and cleaned with precipitations to remove excess starting reagents. Similarly, gold nanocrystals (3-5 nm) are synthesized under ambient conditions and dissolved in organic solvents. In addition, precursor solutions for transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) films are prepared from solutions of indium and tin salts paired with a reactive oxidizer. Layer-by-layer, these solutions are deposited onto a glass substrate following annealing (200-400 &#176;C) to build the nanocrystal solar cell (glass/ITO/CdSe/CdTe/Au). Pre-annealing ligand exchange is required for CdSe and CdTe nanocrystals where films are dipped in NH4Cl:methanol to replace long-chain native ligands with small inorganic Cl- anions. NH4Cl(s) was found to act as a catalyst for the sintering reaction (as a non-toxic alternative to the conventional CdCl2(s) treatment) leading to grain growth (136&#177;39 nm) during heating. The thickness and roughness of the prepared films are characterized with SEM and optical profilometry. FTIR is used to determine the degree of ligand exchange prior to sintering, and XRD is used to verify the crystallinity and phase of each material. UV/Vis spectra show high visible light transmission through the ITO layer and a red shift in the absorbance of the cadmium chalcogenide nanocrystals after thermal annealing. Current-voltage curves of completed devices are measured under simulated one sun illumination. Small differences in deposition techniques and reagents employed during ligand exchange have been shown to have a profound influence on the device properties. Here, we examine the effects of chemical (sintering and ligand exchange agents) and physical treatments (solution concentration, spray-pressure, annealing time and annealing temperature) on photovoltaic device performance.

This protocol describes the synthesis and solution deposition of inorganic nanocrystals layer by layer to produce thin film electronics on non-conductive surfaces. Solvent-stabilized inks can produce complete photovoltaic devices on glass substrates via spin and spray coating following post-deposition ligand exchange and sintering.

全面解决方案处理的无机纳米晶体光伏器件的制造

We demonstrate a method for the preparation of fully solution processed inorganic solar cells from a spin and spray coating deposition of nanocrystal ...

Solvent Bonding for Fabrication of PMMA and COP Microfluidic Devices

Thermoplastic microfluidic devices offer many advantages over those made from silicone elastomers, but bonding procedures must be developed for each thermoplastic of interest. Solvent bonding is a simple and versatile method that can be used to fabricate devices from a variety of plastics. An appropriate solvent is added between two device layers to be bonded, and heat and pressure are applied to the device to facilitate the bonding. By using an appropriate combination of solvent, plastic, heat, and pressure, the device can be sealed with a high quality bond, characterized as having high bond coverage, bond strength, optical clarity, durability over time, and low deformation or damage to microfeature geometry. We describe the procedure for bonding devices made from two popular thermoplastics, poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA), and cyclo-olefin polymer (COP), as well as a variety of methods to characterize the quality of the resulting bonds, and strategies to troubleshoot low quality bonds. These methods can be used to develop new solvent bonding protocols for other plastic-solvent systems.

Solvent bonding is a simple and versatile method for fabricating thermoplastic microfluidic devices with high quality bonds. We describe a protocol to achieve strong, optically clear bonds in PMMA and COP microfluidic devices that preserve microfeature details, by a judicious combination of pressure, temperature, an appropriate solvent, and device geometry.

溶剂粘接的PMMA的制备和COP微流体装置

Thermoplastic microfluidic devices offer many advantages over those made from silicone elastomers, but bonding procedures must be developed for each ...

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler (SLPS) Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses

The scanning light scattering profiler (SLSP) methodology has been developed for the full-angle quantitative evaluation of forward and backward light scattering from intraocular lenses (IOLs) using goniophotometer principles. This protocol describes the SLSP platform and how it employs a 360&#176; rotational photodetector sensor that is scanned around an IOL sample while recording the intensity and location of scattered light as it passes through the IOL medium. The SLSP platform can be used to predict, non-clinically, the propensity for current and novel IOL designs and materials to induce light scatter. Non-clinical evaluation of light scattering properties of IOLs can significantly reduce the number of patient complaints related to unwanted glare, glistening, optical defects, poor image quality, and other phenomena associated with the unintended light scattering. Future studies should be conducted to correlate SLSP data with clinical results to help identify which measured light scatter is most problematic for patients that have undergone cataract surgery subsequent to IOL implantation.

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler SLPS Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses

This protocol describes the scanning light scattering profiler (SLSP) that enables the full-angle quantitative evaluation of forward and backward scattering of light from intraocular lenses (IOLs) using goniophotometer principles.

基于扫描光散射分析器（SLPS）的方法来量化评估来自眼内镜的前向和后向光散射

The scanning light scattering profiler (SLSP) methodology has been developed for the full-angle quantitative evaluation of forward and backward light ...

Flow-assisted Dielectrophoresis: A Low Cost Method for the Fabrication of High Performance Solution-processable Nanowire Devices

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of nanowires. DEP is used for nanowire analysis, characterization, and for solution-based fabrication of semiconducting devices. The method works by applying an alternating electric field between metallic electrodes. The nanowire formulation is then dropped onto the electrodes which are on an inclined surface to create a flow of the formulation using gravity. The nanowires then align along the gradient of the electric field and in the direction of the liquid flow. The frequency of the field can be adjusted to select nanowires with superior conductivity and lower trap density. 
In this work, flow-assisted DEP is used to create nanowire field effect transistors. Flow-assisted DEP has several advantages: it allows selection of nanowire electrical properties; control of nanowire length; placement of nanowires in specific areas; control of orientation of nanowires; and control of nanowire density in the device. 
The technique can be expanded to many other applications such as gas sensors and microwave switches. The technique is efficient, quick, reproducible, and it uses a minimal amount of dilute solution making it ideal for the testing of novel nanomaterials. Wafer scale assembly of nanowire devices can also be achieved using this technique, allowing large numbers of samples for testing and large-area electronic applications.

In this paper, flow assisted dielectrophoresis is demonstrated for the self-assembly of nanowire devices. The fabrication of a silicon nanowire field effect transistor is shown as an example.

流动辅助介: 一种低成本的制备高性能溶液可纳米线器件的方法

Flow-assisted dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an efficient self-assembly method for the controllable and reproducible positioning, alignment, and selection of ...

Atmospheric Pressure Fabrication of Large-Sized Single-Layer Rectangular SnSe Flakes

Tin selenide (SnSe) belongs to the family of layered metal chalcogenide materials with a buckled structure like phosphorene, and has shown potential for applications in two-dimensional nanoelectronics devices. Although many methods to synthesize SnSe nanocrystals have been developed, a simple way to fabricate large-sized single-layer SnSe flakes remains a great challenge. Herein, we show the experimental method to directly grow large-sized single-layer rectangular SnSe flakes on commonly used SiO2/Si insulating substrates using a straightforward two-step fabrication method in an atmospheric pressure quartz tube furnace system. The single-layer rectangular SnSe flakes with an average thickness of ~6.8 &#197; and lateral dimensions of about 30 &#181;m &#215; 50 &#181;m were fabricated by a combination of vapor transport deposition technique and nitrogen etching route. We characterized the morphology, microstructure, and electrical properties of the rectangular SnSe flakes and obtained excellent crystallinity and good electronic properties. This article about the two-step fabrication method can help researchers grow other similar two-dimensional, large-sized, single-layer materials using an atmospheric pressure system.

A protocol is presented demonstrating a two-step fabrication technique to grow large-sized single-layer rectangular shaped SnSe flakes on low-cost SiO2/Si dielectrics wafers in an atmospheric pressure quartz tube furnace system.

大型单层矩形 SnSe 片的常压制备

Tin selenide (SnSe) belongs to the family of layered metal chalcogenide materials with a buckled structure like phosphorene, and has shown potential for ...