作者承认克劳迪奥Gerbaldi教授和Nerino Penazzi（都灵）借给干燥室。

1. 3克IMO营养素的合成<ol><li>在干燥的房间，并在室温下（RT）缓慢加入1.3毫升高氯酸的具有70％的质量分数187.7毫升的双蒸水制备80mM的高氯酸溶液。使用一个2000毫升烧杯中，就可以对连续的稀释液（步骤1.6）是有用的。 </li><li>在干燥室较小的烧杯中，混合8毫升铝-三- 仲丁醇（97％）的（ATSB;铝源）43,44和3.8毫升原硅酸四乙酯（98％）（TEOS的;源硅）中的Al摩尔比为:Si为2:1.1。使用刻度吸管测量试剂的体积。 </li><li>离开温和搅拌下的混合物1分钟，直到获得清晰的和均匀的混合物（没有任何悬浮固体颗粒）。 </li><li>后，立即用巴斯德移液管，滴将整个混合物加至的HClO 4的水溶液在搅拌下（最终摩尔比是硅:铝:的HClO 4 = 1.1:2:1）。通过将混合物加入到高氯酸水溶液，白色集群形成和pH升高到5。 </li><li>搅拌在室温下的最终混合物约18小时，直到获得透明溶液。 </li><li>在搅拌下，加入1.3升的双蒸水（用量筒测量）以稀释溶液至20mM相对于铝。搅拌约20分钟，所获得的20毫米的Al溶液。 </li><li>将混合物倒入一个聚四氟乙烯的高压釜（带厚壁），并在100℃的炉子内搁置4天不加搅拌。 </li><li> 4 d后，过滤清澈透明溶液（使用0.02微米的过滤器）收集的营养素，并用双蒸水冲洗，获得致密，透明的混合物。 </li><li>干在50-60℃下1天在火炉混合物。最终国际海事组织粉末具有白色。 </li></ol> 2.将3克的Fe-X-国际海事组织营养素的合成（具有或者0.70％或1.4％的Fe质量分数） <ol><li>在一个干燥室，通过缓慢加入1.3毫升高氯酸的具有70％的质量分数到187.7的双蒸水（pH = 1.0）毫升制备的HClO 4的80mM的溶液。使用一个2000毫升烧杯中，就可以对连续的稀释液（步骤2.6）是有用的。 </li><li>将0.1g 氯化铁•6H 2 O在高氯酸酸溶液获得的Fe-0.70-IMO营养素。 </li><li>滴加入8毫升ATSB的和3.8的TEOS毫升到含铁溶液。使用刻度吸管测量试剂卷。检查pH值等于4留在室温下搅拌18小时下的混合物。 </li><li> 18小时后，通过加入1.3升的双蒸水（用量筒测量）稀释所得的溶液至20mM在Al和搅拌1小时下进行维护。然后，倒密封的聚四氟乙烯反应釜（厚壁）内，在100℃的炉子内离开这4天。 </li><li>过滤溶液，洗净所得reddis<html> H-棕色用双蒸水粉末，并在50℃的烘箱中过夜干燥。 </li><li>为了制备铁- 1.4国际海事组织营养素，重复全部步骤以0.2克的FeCl 3•6H 2 O的</li></ol> 3.铁基-L-国际海事组织营养素的合成<ol><li>在15ml的双蒸水国际海事组织分散0.25克</li><li>添加0.025克的FeCl 3•6H 2 O的混合物（重量计算考虑稍微过量铁（III），氯化六水合物）。搅拌18小时下离开;后搅拌18小时，该混合物的颜色由黄色至红褐色变为指示铁氧代/氢氧化物物种的初步形成。 </li><li>加3.0毫升水和1.5毫升的 NH 4 OH溶液（33％的质量分数）中以沉淀全部的Fe 3+物种如氧代/氢氧化物。 </li><li>过滤混合物，用双蒸水洗涤得到的粉末，并在120℃下干燥它在炉子48小时。 </li></ol>TLE"&gt; 4。样品特性<ol><li>测定低角度的X射线衍射（XRD）的样品的图案，铣刀100毫克粉末在玛瑙研钵之前，将其存入上的样品架，并小心按下，以获得一个均匀的和光滑的表面。此处所报告的XRD图谱仪器参数在参考文献中详细介绍。 36。 </li><li>为了获得高分辨率的透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）显微照片，钢厂在玛瑙研钵10毫克的粉末。为了获得高分辨检查良好分散的样品，将研磨的粉末与覆盖有雷斯碳膜的Cu网格接触。 <ol><li>在为了只留下几粒与样品架静电相互作用轻轻晃动格栅去除多余的。避免在溶剂中的粉末，其可以修改NT安排分散。此报告高分辨透射电子显微镜测量的仪器参数，在文献中详细介绍。 36和39。 </li></ol></li><li>要确定的BET SSA（BrunauER-埃米特-特勒比表面积）和在表1中报告的孔体积值，测量在-196℃下的 N 2吸附/解吸等温线。测量前，脱气在250℃下将样品以除去水和其它大气污染物10，同时仍保留营养素6,14-16。器乐细节列于参考文献。 39。 </li><li>除气的粉末在连接到一个标准的真空帧（低于10 -3毫巴的残余压）的紫外-可见石英池中，并采取其漫反射率（DR）的UV-Vis光谱。的DR-UV-Vis光谱的仪器参数报道这里有文献详细介绍。 36。 注:有关电泳迁移率测量的实验和仪器详细报道见参考文献。 39。 </li><li> NaAO7吸附实验<ol><li>通过在容量瓶中加入双蒸水至0.047克NaAO7制得200毫升0.67毫NaAO7溶液。溶液的pH值应为6.80。 </l我&gt; <li>倒入50毫升溶液的暗瓶内，并添加50毫克国际海事组织（粉末浓度为1g / L）的。保持在实验过程中在搅拌下该溶液中。重复此步骤与其它粉末（粉末浓度为1g / L）。 </li><li>在规定的时间间隔（T:0秒，5分钟，10分钟，45分钟，2小时，5小时，24小时和72小时），在835 xg离心回收将5ml上清液离心3分钟。 </li><li>分析由传输UV-Vis光谱上清液在1毫米路径杯中。在水，AO7 -经历偶氮-腙互变异构，而腙形式是在固相稳定，如由图2b的UV-Vis光谱。确定AO7的量-通过测量腙形式的484纳米带强度的降低从溶液中取出，根据该文献38,39,41。 </li></ol></li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

为了获得成功，报道的协议必须认真遵守，因为形成营养素的严格依赖于合成条件。下面的步骤是关键的:在步骤1.2和2.3，稍过量的TEOS具有相对于所述的Si / Al的化学计量比例使用（ 即，TEOS:ATBS = 1.1:2）。过量的TEOS防止优先形成三水铝矿的氧化铝（Al（OH）3）和/或勃姆石（AIOOH）阶段46,47。 另一个关键的一点是ATBS的快速水解。为了防止这种情况，一个无水分的环境中，需要（ 例如，在此工作通过的干燥室）。在干燥的环境中，有可能同时测量TEOS和使用刻度移液管ATBS的容积，避免ATBS水解将导致不成功的合成。 另一个关键的一点是，在步骤1.6稀释。原硅酸在较高的试剂浓度，缩合会妨碍营养素的形成。 在聚合过程中，温度必须仔细控制。聚合的步骤1.7时的温度应不超过100℃。据我们所知，为了获得纯营养素的高收率下聚合的最佳范围是95-100℃。在较低温度下，在NT形成率下降，而在较高温度下，其它杂质（ 例如，氧化铝）的形式48,49。使用一个恒温器的将是最好的解决方案，但测量靠近炉子内的高压釜的温度可以是足够了，因为在这种工作完成。 合成协议的主要限制是，营养素不形成在质量分数高于1.4％的Fe，如通过使用稍微不同的协议33的作者的文献报道。这可能是由于在这种类型的结构引起的Fe一些结构性应变。该塞康D大限制为Al 3+ / Fe的3+的程度是可以达到，对应于1.0％的Fe的最大质量分数。它具有然而，应注意的是，同样也用Fe掺杂aluminogermanate营养素37观察到。 与此相反，是一个由合成后负荷的发生是一个有趣的和令人鼓舞的结果，有可能涉及到一个事实，即营养素的外表面上的Al（OH）的Al基团是能够进行在溶液中的离子交换，根据反应（4）: [的Al（OH）的Al（S）+的Fe（H 2 O）6（水溶液）3+ = [铁（OH）的Al（S）+的Al（H 2 O）6（水溶液）3+（4） 这一结果是特别相关的，并示出，所提出的协议具有重要的成果，因为它打开通过离子交换改变国际海事组织外表面的组成，从而避免了更复杂的程序的可能性（&lt;EM&gt;即直接合成）。如前所述，IMO的合成需要一些预防措施，以便成功，单靠增加另一种试剂在目前的情况下，三氯化铁3•6H 2 O-会扰乱综合环境。这的确是简单的铁前体添加到预先形成的营养素的水溶液，作为用于铁基-L-国际海事组织样品进行。相同的过程可以被扩展到其它的阳离子与适当的费用和半径，如铬3+和Ti 3+。按Ti 3+的情况下，然而，可能有一定的局限性，由于在Ti 3+物种的稳定性和它的前体的。 成功掺杂过程的另一重要结果是海事组织带隙的降低。如果涉及半导体应用而言，例如光催化这一结果是特别相关。而且，反应性的Fe 3+表面物质的存在可能会在被利用从水中去除有机污染物的光Fenton反应。 的Fe（OH）的Al基团的以Al 3+ / Fe的3+的结果形成提供的Fe 3+站点是能够在水中以协调铁物种访问，则AO7期间所观察到的-这里报告吸附实验。这个概念可以扩展到其他有机污染物的保留，使之有可能利用营养素的外表面中不仅涉及单纯静电相互作用，但配位体位移以及吸附过程。 的Fe-L-国际海事组织朝向AO7表现最差-吸附是归于簇的较大部分的发生。加载过程中加入氨后，集群形成多发生营养素的外表面上，由孔体积，在表1中报告为证实。有增加由载荷总孔体积荷兰国际集团，而微孔体积，适合A型毛孔，保持不变。为Fe 3+网站可能充当了铁氧-氢氧化物集群结晶中心。由于集群形成，IS的Fe 3+部位没有更多的访问AO7 -物种，终于降低的吸附能力的Fe-L-国际海事组织朝向染料39。

术语纳米管（NT）普遍使用的碳纳米管1，目前最深入研究的化学物之一相关联。少的已知的是，硅铝酸盐营养素也可合成2,3中，除了存在于自然界（主要在火山土）的事实。伊毛缟石（IMO）是水合硅铝酸盐与式（OH）3 的 Al 2 O 3的SiOH 4,5，外表面和非上发生的单壁NT与Al（OH）的Al和Al-O-Al系基在内层6相互作用的硅醇基（SiOH基）。关于几何形状，长度从几纳米变化到数百nm 3,5,7。内径为1.0纳米5恒定，而外径是〜天然国际海事组织2.0纳米，在100℃原料合成的样品增加至2.5-2.7纳米。在25℃下合成产生具有接近于天然国际海事组织代替8外径营养素。最近，已经显示，与二营养素fferent外部直径也可通过改变合成9中使用的酸制得。在干粉，IMO营养素聚集在近六边形包装（ 图1）包。营养素的这种阵列产生至三种孔10,11和相关的表面12。除了适当的内部管的孔（直径1.0纳米），小乙毛孔（0.3-0.4纳米宽）安装包中的三个对齐营养素之间发生，最后，更大的C语言的毛孔发生的束之间缝孔（ 图1 ）。两者的化学组成，孔隙尺寸影响的材料的吸附性能。一孔的表面是非常亲水性的，因为它们是与SiOH基衬，并且能够与蒸汽和气体像H 2 O，NH 3和CO 12相互作用。由于它们体积小，B毛孔都难以进入，甚至像水10,11小分子，但在C ++毛孔可以像酚较大的分子相互作用<s达&gt; 6和1,3,5-三乙12。阿马拉等人最近表明在密密麻麻束组织营养素的那hexagonalization与（伊毛缟石类似物）aluminogermate营养素13发生。这种现象，虽然至今没有与铝NT的观察，可能会影响到乙毛孔的可访问性为好。 国际海事组织相关化学兴趣最近增加，部分原因是由于改变两者的内和营养素的外表面的所述组合物的可能性。羟基的过多的存在使得国际海事组织热降解非常敏感，因为脱羟基300℃以上6,14-16发生与随之而来的NT的崩溃。 的内表面可以通过几种方法，其中包括的Si原子的取代与Ge原子17，这会导致单链或双壁18营养素与式（OH）3的Al 2的形成可以修改</suB&gt; O 3的Si 1-X个X OH 19。的有机官能后合成接枝导致形成营养素的与式（OH）3 的 Al 2 O 3的SiO-R，其中R是有机基团20。通过一锅合成中含有一个有机基团直接连接到硅原子，形成混合营养素形式的Si的前体，与式（OH）3 的 Al 2 O 3的Si-R（R = -CH 3，的存在下- （CH 2）3 -NH 2）21,22。 外表面的修饰是对伊毛缟石/聚合物复合材料23的制造极为兴趣并涉及任一静电相互作用或共价键合。前一种方法是基于营养素的外表面和适当抗衡离子（ 例如，十八烷基）24,25之间的电荷匹配;后一方法意味着预形成的反应IMO营养素和有机硅烷（例如 3氨基丙基硅烷）26。 在水，国际海事组织和离子之间的静电相互作用由于以下平衡27是可能的Al（OH）的Al + H + =的Al（OH 2）+人，（1） 的SiOH =氧化硅- + H +（2） 导致已在阴离子/阳离子保留从污染水28-32测试电荷的表面。 本工作的担忧尚未的外表面的另一变形（ 即，的（八面体的同构取代）的Al 3+为Fe 3+，以下简称为铝3+ / Fe的3+ IS）。这种现象在矿产的确常见，而很少有人知道关于Al 3+ / Fe的3+国际海事组织营养素。 关于兴奋剂，第一个问题是铁t时总量帽子可以用营养素不会造成严重的结构性株主办。对Fe掺杂海事组织开创性实验工作表明，营养素不以铁的质量分数高于1.4％，33形成。连续的理论计算表明，铁既可以同构代替铝或创建"有缺陷的部位"34。这样的缺陷 （ 即，铁氧-氢氧化物簇）理应从4.7电子伏特降低IMO的带隙（电绝缘体）34,35至2.0-1.4电子伏特34。因此，我们最近发现的Fe 3+的存在赋予固体与新的化学和固态性能，降低IMO的带隙（E G = 4.9电子伏特）至2.4-2.8伏特36。 对Fe-铝掺杂锗营养素，同构符合IMO最近的一份报告，表明实际的Al 3+ / Fe的3+ IS被限定为1.0％的Fe的质量分数，由于铁氧-氢氧化物的形成由于铁的自然趋势颗粒不可避免地出现在较高的Fe含量形成聚集体37。类似的结果用Fe掺杂国际海事组织营养素33,36,38-40获得。 从科学的角度，铁和以Fe掺杂的国际海事组织其可能反应性和吸附性能的状态的判定是需要几个表征技术的一个重要问题。 在这项工作中，我们报道Fe掺杂IMO的合成与表征。两个样品与通过直接合成（铁的x IMO）或合成后加载（铁基-L- IMO）1.4％的Fe的质量分数合成;通过直接合成，以避免簇的形成，并且获得在其中发生大部分的Al 3+ / Fe的3+的材料，得到具有较低的铁含量（对应于0.70％的质量分数）的第三样品。在这种情况下，营养素的形成与化学式（OH）3 </sub&gt;铝1.975 0.025的Fe O 3的SiOH的预期。三Fe掺杂的形态和结构特性IMO是IMO相比，那些适当的。此外，有关的Fe（OH）的Al基团通过测量ζ电位和对偶氮染料的（膨松）阴离子酸性橙7（NaAO7），偶氮染料的模型分子的相互作用的研究中水的表面特性，这两者都是废水和地下水41的污染物一类重要的AO7 -结构和分子尺寸示于图2a中 ，用UV-Vis光谱沿（ 图2b）一个0.67毫米水溶液（天然pH值= 6.8） 。由于其分子尺寸42， AO7 -物种应主要与营养素的外表面相互作用，从而限制寄生相互作用可能从扩散导出国际海事组织内孔之内，所以它可以被用来作为外表面的探针分子。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="628">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="57">
			<td height="57" style="height:57px;width:216px;">Perchloric Acid (70%) puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, 70% (T)</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">Sigma Aldrich (Fluka)</td>
			<td style="width:120px;">77230</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">Toxic. Use facesheild and respirator filter.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:216px;">Aluminum-tri-sec-butoxide 97%</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>201073</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">Skin and eye irritation. Use&#160; eyesheild&#160; and faceshield and respirator filter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="80">
			<td height="80" style="height:80px;width:216px;">Tetraethyl orthosilicate&#160;&#160;&#160; (reagent grade 98%)</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>131903</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">Toxic, Skin and eye irritation. Use&#160; eye and face shields and respirator filter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:216px;">Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate ACS reagent, 97%</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>236489</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">Toxic and corrosive.&#160; Use&#160; eye and face shields and gloves.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:216px;">Orange II Sodium salt for microscopy (Hist.), indicator (pH 11.0-13.0)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">Sigma Aldrich&#160;&#160;&#160; (Fluka)</td>
			<td>75370</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">Skin and eye irritation. Use&#160; gloves and dust mask.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis and characterization of fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes with enhanced electron conductive properties

该协议的目的是合成的伊毛缟石型与式（OH）3 的 Al 2-X的Fe×○3 SiOH基的Fe掺杂硅铝酸盐碳纳米管。掺Fe的目的在于降低伊毛缟石的带隙，与化学式（OH）3 的 Al 2 O 3 SiOH基绝缘体，并且在朝向偶氮染料，一类重要的两个废水和地下水的有机污染物的修改其吸附性能。 Fe掺杂碳纳米管以两种方式获得:通过直接合成，其中的FeCl 3加入到Si和Al前驱物的含水混合物，并通过合成后装载，其中预形成的纳米管被置于接触带的FeCl 3•6H 2 O水溶液。在这两种合成方法，铝的同构替代3+铁3+时，保留了纳米管结构。同构取代确实限制为质量分数的〜1.0％的Fe，因为在较高的Fe含量（ 即，1.4％的Fe质量分数） 的 Fe 2 O 3的簇形成，特别是当装载过程被采用。材料的物理化学性质是由X射线粉末衍射（XRD），在-196℃，高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM），漫反射率（DR）的UV-Vis光谱，N 2吸附等温线和等方法研究ζ电位测量。最相关的结果是在预先形成的伊毛缟石替换的Al 3+离子（位于纳米管的外表面上）以合成后负荷而不会扰动期间碳纳米管形成发生微妙水解平衡的可能性。在装载过程中，阴离子交换发生，其中所述纳米管的外表面上的Al 3+离子的Fe 3+离子代替。在Fe掺杂碳纳米管铝，铝的同构替代3+铁3+我作者发现影响掺杂伊毛缟石的带隙。然而，铁3+纳米管的外表面上的网站都能够协调有机部分，如偶氮染料酸性橙7，通过在水溶液中存在的配体-位移机构。

关于国际海事组织和合成Fe掺杂国际海事组织营养素，最相关的问题是:i）营养素的形成，特别是在通过直接合成的Fe掺杂; ⅱ）在最终材料的Fe物种的实际环境;和iii）铁的材料的物理化学性质，特别是其带隙和其吸附性能的影响。铁在营养素的外表面的存在的确预期修改营养素和吸附物物种之间的相互作用，特别是在水的解决方案。上述方面具有由多个表征技术来评估。 DR-UV-Vis光谱是用来评估铁物质的掺杂样品中的协调，以及分离的Fe 3+的网站和/或铁氧-氢氧化物簇的存在。 ζ电位测量允许表面电荷样品的研究中AO7的水性环境和吸附-评估是朝向偶氮染料的材料的havior用于探测NT外部表面。 营养素的成功合成是通过XRD图谱记录并分析高分辨电镜。所有样品显示出典型的X射线衍射图案可归因于在六边形阵列（ 图3a）43组织营养素。主峰对应于D 100反射，从该细胞参数，其对应于两个对齐营养素之间的中心到中心的距离以六边形的包装（ 图1）， 将作为= 2d的100 /√3计算。对d 100峰是在相同的位置（2Θ= 3.88°）与两个国际海事组织和Fe-L-国际海事组织，而它转移到稍高的角度与通过直接合成制备的样品，导致减少在两个d的相应值100和一个 。这种现象被归因于置换（笨重）二氧化氯4 - </SUP&gt;离子，存在于合成批次国际海事组织16，由（较小）Cl -的离子从铁前体衍生，用空隙的相邻营养素39之间随之减少。营养素的形成是由高分辨透射电子显微镜分析确认;关于铁0.70国际海事组织样本所报告的显微照片显示营养素束在六边形阵列（ 图3c）（ 图3b）。 N 2等温线（未报告）允许BET SSA和孔隙体积（ 表1）的测量。作为一个整体，铁的存在导致的增加的表面积。通过加载得到的样品具有较大的总体积;相对于微孔体积，主要涉及到A孔的差异，表明装载过程主要受营养素的外表面。 铁的状态是由图4a的DR-UV-Vis光谱装置的研究。类似的曲线被认为在t含的Fe他的样品，而国际海事组织（白色粉末）的紫外可见范围弱吸收。两个铁0.70 IMO和Fe-1.4-IMO主要吸收在270nm处;在480纳米的微小吸收清晰可见为Fe-1.4-国际海事组织，但它几乎可以忽略不计的Fe-0.70-国际海事组织。这样的结果表明铝3+ / Fe的3+的发生与两个样品，由于在270处的频带是由于电荷转移选自O 2-跃迁（CT），以分离的八面体的Fe 3+位点，并形成在高铁含量的铁氧-氢氧化物集群，与480 nm波段，由于发生与Fe 2 O 3簇36,39的DD过渡。的Fe-L-国际海事组织，类似的Fe-1.4-国际海事组织的光谱，稍微偏移向高波长和位于dd过渡范围更加激烈。这样的结果表明，铁氧-氢氧化物集群的形成是由后期合成交流的青睐，虽然铝3+ /铁3+也发生IS。 在利用Tauc在图4b曲线图表明，国际海事组织的带隙E G = 4.9电子伏特，与计算值（4.6电子伏特）34的协议。掺Fe带来的带隙的显著下降。用的Fe-0.70-国际海事组织样品，其中大多IS发生的Fe 3+物种中，E g是2.8伏特，表明铁掺杂具有降低的带隙，因为样品被接近半导体行为的效果。为Fe-L-国际海事组织，甚至更低的带隙被测量（ 例如 = 2.4电子伏特），虽然铁氧-氢氧化物的簇的存在阻碍了E G在这种样品中的更精确的测定。 从在pH = 6.8的水溶液-样品"在水中的行为是由ζ电位测量和AO7的吸附手段的影响。由于红外光谱别处报道39做ñOT揭示（由于低Fe含量）IMO和Fe-0.70-国际海事组织之间相关的差异，只有1.4％的Fe的质量分数的样品进行了审议。国际海事组织（ 图5a）的ζ电位曲线示出这是在较低的pH值下带正电荷，在pH = 9.8（ 即，非常接近氧化铝的）44,45的点零电荷（PZC）的。 Fe掺杂的样品显示出非常相似的行为:在样品中两个表面电荷和PZC的净差是不相关的。作为一个整体，将样品正在低pH充电，在高pH下带负电荷的;因此，所有的人都应该能够分别吸附的上方和下方的PZC阴离子和阳离子。 AO7 -吸附结果示于图5b作为染料的百分比吸附作为时间的函数。最佳的性能是用Fe-1.4-国际海事组织定，随后国际海事组织，指示主过程我šAO7之间的静电引力-阴离子和样品的正电荷的外表面（该溶液的pH值是6.8）。 然而，一些重要的不同观察:铁1.4国际海事组织提供了最好的性能在AO7而言-去除，以在非常第一分钟的染料吸附急剧增加（伴随着pH值下降， 报道文献。 39）。同样的情况，很轻微，与铁0.70 IMO，因为反应（3）发生: 的Fe（OH）2 +铝+ AO7 - = FeAO7 - +的Al-OH + H +（3） 这意味着FeAO7的形成-通过配体移位现象加合物，与染料协调N原子为Fe 3+网站。 <imgALT ="图1"SRC ="/文件/ ftp_upload / 54758 / 54758fig1.jpg"/&gt; 图 1. 六角形包装IMO营养素的两捆的表示，当以粉末形式存在，IMO营养素都装在有近六方形对称束。在该图中一个证明的细胞参数对应于六方束内两个对准营养素之间的中心到中心的距离。毛孔A，B和C对应正确的IMO纳米孔（〜1.0纳米宽），三对准营养素（0.30-0.40〜纳米宽）和中缝纳米孔束之间孔，分别为。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/54758/54758fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看大图这个数字。</a> <img alt="图2" src="/files/ftp_upload/54758/54758fig2.jpg" /> 图2. 在水中的偶氮染料酸性橙7:偶氮-腙互变异构和UV-Vis光谱。 </强&gt;部分（a）报告化学式和分子尺寸与其偶氮和腙形成沿着染料的42，两者都存在于水溶液中，由于互变异构现象。 （b）部分报告用于吸附实验39染料的初始0.67毫米解决方案的紫外-可见光谱。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/54758/54758fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> <img alt="图3" src="/files/ftp_upload/54758/54758fig3.jpg" /> 图 3. 合成粉末样品的纹理表征。部分（a）报告国际海事组织（曲线1），铁基-L-国际海事组织（曲线2），铁- 0.70 -国际海事组织（曲线3），和Fe的低角XRD图谱-1.4-IMO（曲线4）。部分（b）和（c）是指样品的Fe-0.70-IMO;的一个选择的高分辨透射电子显微镜显微照片粉末样品报道（B），用捆绑带的形成六角形阵列（C）营养素的正面视图的放大一起。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/54758/54758fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> <img alt="图4" src="/files/ftp_upload/54758/54758fig4.jpg" /> 图4. DR-紫外可见的合成粉末样品的光谱特性。部分（a）报告对DR-UV-Vis光谱 国际海事组织（曲线1），铁 - 0.70 - 国际海事组织（曲线2），铁 - 1.4国际海事组织（曲线3）和Fe-L-国际海事组织（曲线4）。部分（b）报告对应利用Tauc的曲线，从该带隙的值（ 例如 ，电子伏特）记录在表1进行了测定。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/54758/54758fig4large.jpg" target="_blank">普莱斯</a>e单击此处查看该图的放大版本。 <img alt="图5" src="/files/ftp_upload/54758/54758fig5.jpg" /> 图5 的样品"表面电荷和酸性橙7吸附实验测量。部分（a）报告国际海事组织（正方形），铁- 1.4国际海事组织（三角形），和Fe-L-国际海事组织圈ζ电位曲线（ ）;误差条对应测量值的10％，按照以前的作品38,39。 （b）部分报告AO7的百分比- ，铁0.70 IMO（星），铁1.4 IMO（三角形）去除对时间IMO（正方形），和Fe-L-IMO（圆圈）。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/54758/54758fig5large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> <table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always"><tbody><tr><td><s仲&gt;样品</td><td> 铁，％（重量） </td><td> BET比SSA（m 2的g -1）以上 </td><td> 总体积（ 立方厘米 g -1）以上 </td><td> 微孔体积（ 立方厘米 g -1）以上 </td><td> D 100（NM±0.01） </td><td> 一（NM） </td><td> 带隙（eV）的 </td><td> PZC </td><td> AO7 -删除 </td></tr><tr><td> IMO </td><td> - </td><td> 383 </td><td> 0.21 </td><td> 0.13 </td><td> 2.27 </td><td> 2.62 </td><td> 4.9 </td><td> 9.8 </td><td> 95％ </td></tr><tr><td> 的Fe-L-国际海事组织 </td><td> 1.4 </td><td> 400 </td><td> 0.27 </td><td> 0.13 </td><td> 2.27 </td><td> 2.62 </td><td> 2.4 </td><td> 10.0 </td><td> 30％ </td></tr><tr><td> FE-0.70-IMO </td><td> 0.70 </td><td> 450 </td><td> 0.22 </td><td> 0.15 </td><td> 2.19 </td><td> 2.53 </td><td> 2.8 </td><td> - </td><td> 37％ </td></tr><tr><td> 的Fe-1.4国际海事组织 </td><td> 1.4 </td><td> 455 </td><td> 0.22 </td><td> 0.14 </td><td> 2.17 </td><td> 2.51 </td><td> 2.8 </td><td> 10.4 </td><td> 96％ </td></tr></tbody></table> 表1样品的相关性能，如用N在-196℃下2等温线测定，X射线衍射图案，DR-UV-Vis光谱，ζ电位的测量，并与AO7吸附实验-水解。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties at JoVE.com

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

在这里，我们提出了一个协议，以合成和表征Fe掺杂碳纳米管铝。该材料是由任一溶胶-凝胶合成在加入的FeCl 3•6H 2 O为向含有Si和Al前驱物的混合物或通过预先形成的硅铝酸盐碳纳米管的合成后的离子交换获得。

以增强电子导电性能的合成与表征Fe掺杂碳纳米管硅铝的

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe ...

synthesis-characterization-fe-doped-aluminosilicate-nanotubes-with

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

9.2K 次观看.  Politecnico di Torino. 在这里，我们提出了一个协议，以合成和表征Fe掺杂碳纳米管铝。该材料是由任一溶胶-凝胶合成在加入的FeCl 3•6H 2 O为向含有Si和Al前驱物的混合物或通过预先形成的硅铝酸盐碳纳米管的合成后的离子交换获得。 

视频: Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes have been under development since the 1990's and have become a common method to template the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanostructures, mostly by electrochemical growth or pore-wetting. Recently, these membranes have become commercially available in a wide range of pore sizes and densities, leading to an extensive library of functional nanostructures being synthesized from AAO membranes. These include composite nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes made of metals, inorganic materials or polymers 3-10. Nanoporous membranes have been used to synthesize nanoparticle and nanotube arrays that perform well as refractive index sensors, plasmonic biosensors, or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates 11-16, as well as a wide range of other fields such as photo-thermal heating 17, permselective transport 18, 19, catalysis 20, microfluidics 21, and electrochemical sensing 22, 23. Here, we report a novel procedure to prepare gold nanotubes in AAO membranes. Hollow nanostructures have potential application in plasmonic and SERS sensing, and we anticipate these gold nanotubes will allow for high sensitivity and strong plasmon signals, arising from decreased material dampening 15.

Solution-suspendable gold nanotubes with controlled dimensions can be synthesized by electrochemical deposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes using a hydrophobic polymer core. Gold nanotubes and nanotube arrays hold promise for applications in plasmonic biosensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photo-thermal heating, ionic and molecular transport, microfluidics, catalysis and electrochemical sensing.

的模板导演电浆黄金纳米管的合成与可调谐红外吸收

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

科研

化学

Split-and-pool Synthesis and Characterization of Peptide Tertiary Amide Library

Peptidomimetics are great sources of protein ligands. The oligomeric nature of these compounds enables us to access large synthetic libraries on solid phase by using combinatorial chemistry. One of the most well studied classes of peptidomimetics is peptoids. Peptoids are easy to synthesize and have been shown to be proteolysis-resistant and cell-permeable. Over the past decade, many useful protein ligands have been identified through screening of peptoid libraries. However, most of the ligands identified from peptoid libraries do not display high affinity, with rare exceptions. This may be due, in part, to the lack of chiral centers and conformational constraints in peptoid molecules. Recently, we described a new synthetic route to access peptide tertiary amides (PTAs). PTAs are a superfamily of peptidomimetics that include but are not limited to peptides, peptoids and N-methylated peptides. With side chains on both &#945;-carbon and main chain nitrogen atoms, the conformation of these molecules are greatly constrained by sterical hindrance and allylic 1,3 strain. (Figure 1) Our study suggests that these PTA molecules are highly structured in solution and can be used to identify protein ligands. We believe that these molecules can be a future source of high-affinity protein ligands. Here we describe the synthetic method combining the power of both split-and-pool and sub-monomer strategies to synthesize a sample one-bead one-compound (OBOC) library of PTAs.

Peptide tertiary amides (PTAs) are a superfamily of peptidomimetics that include but are not limited to peptides, peptoids and N-methylated peptides. Here we describe a synthetic method which combines&#160;both split-and-pool and sub-monomer strategies to synthesize a one-bead one-compound library of PTAs.

分裂和池合成及肽叔酰胺图书馆表征

Peptidomimetics are great sources of protein ligands. The oligomeric nature of these compounds enables us to access large synthetic libraries on solid ...

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

The traditional strategy for the introduction of chemical functionalities is the use of solid-phase synthesis by appending suitably modified phosphoramidite precursors to the nascent chain. However, the conditions used during the synthesis and the restriction to rather short sequences hamper the applicability of this methodology. On the other hand, modified nucleoside triphosphates are activated building blocks that have been employed for the mild introduction of numerous functional groups into nucleic acids, a strategy that paves the way for the use of modified nucleic acids in a wide-ranging palette of practical applications such as functional tagging and generation of ribozymes and DNAzymes. One of the major challenges resides in the intricacy of the methodology leading to the isolation and characterization of these nucleoside analogues.
	
	In this video article, we present a detailed protocol for the synthesis of these modified analogues using phosphorous(III)-based reagents. In addition, the procedure for their biochemical characterization is divulged, with a special emphasis on primer extension reactions and TdT tailing polymerization. This detailed protocol will be of use for the crafting of modified dNTPs and their further use in chemical biology.

The protocol described herein aims to explain and abridge the numerous obstacles in the way of the intricate route leading to modified nucleoside triphosphates. Consequently, this protocol facilitates both the synthesis of these activated building-blocks and their availability for practical applications.

核苷三磷酸 - 从合成到生化特征

The  traditional strategy for the introduction of chemical functionalities is the  use of solid-phase synthesis by appending suitably modified ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and technological applications. Their signature property is their ultrahigh porosity, which however imparts a series of challenges when it comes to both constructing them and working with them. Securing desired MOF chemical and physical functionality by linker/node assembly into a highly porous framework of choice can pose difficulties, as less porous and more thermodynamically stable congeners (e.g., other crystalline polymorphs, catenated analogues) are often preferentially obtained by conventional synthesis methods. Once the desired product is obtained, its characterization often requires specialized techniques that address complications potentially arising from, for example, guest-molecule loss or preferential orientation of microcrystallites. Finally, accessing the large voids inside the MOFs for use in applications that involve gases can be problematic, as frameworks may be subject to collapse during removal of solvent molecules (remnants of solvothermal synthesis). In this paper, we describe synthesis and characterization methods routinely utilized in our lab either to solve or circumvent these issues. The methods include solvent-assisted linker exchange, powder X-ray diffraction in capillaries, and materials activation (cavity evacuation) by supercritical CO2 drying. Finally, we provide a protocol for determining a suitable pressure region for applying the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis to nitrogen isotherms, so as to estimate surface area of MOFs with good accuracy.

Synthesis, activation, and characterization of intentionally designed metal-organic framework materials is challenging, especially when building blocks are incompatible or unwanted polymorphs are thermodynamically favored over desired forms. We describe how applications of solvent-assisted linker exchange, powder X-ray diffraction in capillaries and activation via supercritical CO2 drying, can address some of these challenges.

功能化的合成与表征金属 - 有机骨架

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and ...

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Herein we report the synthesis of a tridentate phosphine ligand N(CH2PPh2)3 (N-triphosPh) (1) via a phosphorus based Mannich reaction of the hydroxylmethylene phosphine precursor with ammonia in methanol under a nitrogen atmosphere. The N-triphosPh ligand precipitates from the solution after approximately 1 hr of reflux and can be isolated analytically pure via simple cannula filtration procedure under nitrogen. Reaction of the N-triphosPh ligand with [Ru3(CO)12] under reflux affords a deep red solution that show evolution of CO gas on ligand complexation. Orange crystals of the complex [Ru(CO)2{N(CH2PPh2)3}-&#954;3P] (2) were isolated on cooling to RT. The 31P{1H} NMR spectrum showed a characteristic single peak at lower frequency compared to the free ligand. Reaction of a toluene solution of complex 2 with oxygen resulted in the instantaneous precipitation of the carbonate complex [Ru(CO3)(CO){N(CH2PPh2)3}-&#954;3P] (3) as an air stable orange solid. Subsequent hydrogenation of 3 under 15 bar of hydrogen in a high-pressure reactor gave the dihydride complex [RuH2(CO){N(CH2PPh2)3}-&#954;3P] (4), which was fully characterized by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Complexes 3 and 4 are potentially useful catalyst precursors for a range of hydrogenation reactions, including biomass-derived products such as levulinic acid (LA). Complex 4 was found to cleanly react with LA in the presence of the proton source additive NH4PF6 to give [Ru(CO){N(CH2PPh2)3}-&#954;3P{CH3CO(CH2)2CO2H}-&#954;2O](PF6) (6).

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Ruthenium phosphine complexes are widely used for homogeneous catalytic reactions such as hydrogenations. The synthesis of a series of novel tridentate ruthenium complexes bearing the N-triphos ligand N(CH2PPh2)3 is reported. Additionally, the stoichiometric reaction of a dihydride Ru&#8211;N-triphos complex with levulinic acid is described.

一系列钌的合成，表征和反应<em&gt;Ñ</em&gt; -triphos<sup&gt;博士</sup&gt;配合

Herein we report the synthesis of a tridentate phosphine ligand N(CH2PPh2)3 (N-triphosPh) (1) via a phosphorus based Mannich reaction of the ...

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

We demonstrate a novel synthesis strategy for the preparation of Pr-doped SrTiO3 ceramics via a combination of solid state reaction and spark plasma sintering techniques. Polycrystalline ceramics possessing a unique morphology can be achieved by optimizing the process parameters, particularly spark plasma sintering heating rate. The phase and morphology of the synthesized ceramics were investigated in detail using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microcopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. It was observed that the grains of these bulk Pr-doped SrTiO3 ceramics were enhanced with Pr-rich grain boundaries. Electronic and thermal transport properties were also investigated as a function of temperature and doping concentration. Such a microstructure was found to give rise to improved thermoelectric properties. Specifically, it resulted in a significant improvement in carrier mobility and the thermoelectric power factor. Simultaneously, it also led to a marked reduction in the thermal conductivity. As a result, a significant improvement (> 30%) in the thermoelectric figure of merit was achieved for the whole temperature range over all previously reported maximum values for SrTiO3-based ceramics. This synthesis demonstrates the steps for the preparation of bulk polycrystalline ceramics of non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3.

Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties

A protocol for the synthesis and processing of polycrystalline SrTiO3 ceramics doped non-uniformly with Pr is presented along with the investigation of their thermoelectric properties.

非均匀掺Pr的SrTiO的合成<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt;陶瓷及其热电性能

We demonstrate a novel synthesis strategy for the preparation of Pr-doped SrTiO3 ceramics via a combination of solid state reaction and spark plasma ...

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large extinction coefficients which can be tuned across the visible spectrum. Research into the plasmonic enhancement of optical transitions has become popular, due to the possibility of altering and in some cases improving photo-absorption or emission properties of nearby chromophores such as molecular dyes or quantum dots. The electric field of the plasmon can couple with the excitation dipole of a chromophore, perturbing the electronic states involved in the transition and leading to increased absorption and emission rates. These enhancements can also be negated at close distances by energy transfer mechanism, making the spatial arrangement of the two species critical. Ultimately, enhancement of light harvesting efficiency in plasmonic solar cells could lead to thinner and, therefore, lower cost devices. The development of hybrid core/shell particles could offer a solution to this issue. The addition of a dielectric spacer between a gold nanoparticles and a chromophore is the proposed method to control the exciton plasmon coupling strength and thereby balance losses with the plasmonic gains. A detailed procedure for the coating of gold nanoparticles with CdS and ZnS semiconductor shells is presented. The nanoparticles show high uniformity with size control in both the core gold particles and shell species allowing for a more accurate investigation into the plasmonic enhancement of external chromophores.

The synthesis of uniform gold nanoparticles coated with semiconductor shells of CdS or ZnS is performed. The semiconductor coating is conducted by first depositing a silver sulfide shell and exchanging the silver cations for zinc or cadmium cations.

合成，表征和混合金/硫化镉和Au / ZnS核/壳纳米颗粒功能化

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Control over colloidal assembly is of utmost importance for the development of functional colloidal materials with tailored structural and mechanical properties for applications in photonics, drug delivery and coating technology. Here we present a new family of colloidal building blocks, coined supramolecular colloids, whose self-assembly is controlled through surface-functionalization with a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) derived supramolecular moiety. Such BTAs interact via directional, strong, yet reversible hydrogen-bonds with other identical BTAs. Herein, a protocol is presented that describes how to couple these BTAs to colloids and how to quantify the number of coupling sites, which determines the multivalency of the supramolecular colloids. Light scattering measurements show that the refractive index of the colloids is almost matched with that of the solvent, which strongly reduces the van der Waals forces between the colloids. Before photo-activation, the colloids remain well dispersed, as the BTAs are equipped with a photo-labile group that blocks the formation of hydrogen-bonds. Controlled deprotection with UV-light activates the short-range hydrogen-bonds between the BTAs, which triggers the colloidal self-assembly. The evolution from the dispersed state to the clustered state is monitored by confocal microscopy. These results are further quantified by image analysis with simple routines using ImageJ and Matlab. This merger of supramolecular chemistry and colloidal science offers a direct route towards light- and thermo-responsive colloidal assembly encoded in the surface-grafted monolayer.

A protocol for the synthesis and characterization of colloids coated with supramolecular moieties is described. These supramolecular colloids undergo self-assembly upon the activation of the hydrogen-bonds between the surface-anchored molecules by UV-light.

超分子胶体的合成与表征

Control over colloidal assembly is of utmost importance for the development of functional colloidal materials with tailored structural and mechanical ...

Functionalization of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes with Thermo-reversible Block Copolymers and Characterization by Small-angle Neutron Scattering

We demonstrate a protocol for single-walled carbon nanotube functionalization using thermo-sensitive PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers in an aqueous solution. In a carbon nanotube/PEO105-PPO70-PEO105 (poloxamer 407) aqueous solution, the amphiphilic poloxamer 407 adsorbs onto the carbon nanotube surfaces and self-assembles into continuous layers, driven by intermolecular interactions between constituent molecules. The addition of 5-methylsalicylic acid changes the self-assembled structure from spherical-micellar to a cylindrical morphology. The fabricated poloxamer 407/carbon nanotube hybrid particles exhibit thermo-responsive structural features so that the density and thickness of poloxamer 407 layers are also reversibly controllable by varying temperature. The detailed structural properties of the poloxamer 407/carbon nanotube particles in suspension can be characterized by small-angle neutron scattering experiments and model fit analyses. The distinct curve shapes of the scattering intensities depending on temperature control or addition of aromatic additives are well described by a modified core-shell cylinder model consisting of a carbon nanotube core cylinder, a hydrophobic shell, and a hydrated polymer layer. This method can provide a simple but efficient way for the fabrication and in-situ characterization of carbon nanotube-based nano particles with a structure-tunable encapsulation.

A method for the functionalization of carbon nanotubes with structure-tunable polymeric encapsulation layers and structural characterization using small-angle neutron scattering is presented.

单壁碳纳米管与热可逆嵌段共聚物及表征功能化小角度中子散射

We demonstrate a protocol for single-walled carbon nanotube functionalization using thermo-sensitive PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymers in an aqueous ...

Grafting Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Polystyrene to Enable Self-Assembly and Anisotropic Patchiness

We demonstrate a straightforward protocol to graft pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polystyrene (PS) chains at the sidewalls through a free-radical polymerization strategy to enable the modulation of the nanotube surface properties and produce supramolecular self-assembly of the nanostructures. First, a selective hydroxylation of the pristine nanotubes through a biphasic catalytically mediated oxidation reaction creates superficially distributed reactive sites at the sidewalls. The latter reactive sites are subsequently modified with methacrylic moieties using a silylated methacrylic precursor to create polymerizable sites. Those polymerizable groups can address further polymerization of styrene to produce a hybrid nanomaterial containing PS chains grafted to the nanotube sidewalls. The polymer-graft content, amount of silylated methacrylic moieties introduced and hydroxylation modification of the nanotubes are identified and quantified by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The presence of reactive functional groups hydroxyl and silylated methacrylate are confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Polystyrene-grafted carbon nanotube solutions in tetrahydrofuran (THF) provide wall-to-wall collinearly self-assembled nanotubes when cast samples are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Those self-assemblies are not obtained when suitable blanks are similarly cast from analogous solutions containing non-grafted counterparts. Therefore, this method enables the modification of the nanotube anisotropic patchiness at the sidewalls which results into spontaneous auto-organization at the nanoscale.

A procedure for the synthesis of polystyrene-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotubes using successive chemical modification steps to selectively introduce the polymer chains to the sidewalls and their self-assembly via anisotropic patchiness is presented.

用聚苯乙烯接枝多壁纳米碳纳米管使自组装和各向异性斑块

We demonstrate a straightforward protocol to graft pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polystyrene (PS) chains at the sidewalls through a ...