笔者想感谢托尼·克里斯托弗，林赛在马郁兰伦敦大学国王学院和比尔·安德森在伦敦南岸大学为他们的实际支持。也谢谢埃莉诺·琼斯在伦敦大学国王学院，她在收集数据，该项目的帮助。

<ol>
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The authors have no competing financial interests to disclose.

这里定义的坐姿到站姿和步行（STSW）协议可用于健康人或病人群体复杂的过渡运动期间测试动态姿势控制。该协议包括被设计为允许与病理的受试者参与的限制，并切断光纳入意味着它是生态上有效和目标定向。因为先前已经证明，铅肢和从高（120％KH）座上升STSW 20期间不从根本上影响任务动力学，此处描述的方法可以作为一个标准的协议被应用。这STSW协议具有有效性，因为相比于健康...

影响感觉系统的临床病症，例如上运动神经元（UMN）损伤后中风，导致功能障碍包括虚弱，姿势的稳定性和痉挛的损失，这可以运动产生负面影响。恢复可与中风幸存者未能实现安全站立或行走1,2的功能里程碑的显著数量变量。 行走的离散实践和坐姿到站姿是UMN病理3,4后常见的康复任务，但是过渡动作经常被忽略。坐姿到步行（STW）是集坐姿到站姿（STS），步态启动（GI），和步行5连续的姿势，运动任务。 STW过程中反射犹豫的STS和GI，分离已经在患者中观察到与帕金森氏症6和慢性中风7中，除了较旧unimpaireð成年人8，但不是在年轻健康个体9。因此坐姿到待机和步行（STSW）被临床环境中通常实现的，并通过可变长度的暂停相站立时限定。然而，没有发表协议日期限定适于患者群体的上下文STSW动力学。 通常在STW研究最初的椅子高度为膝盖高度的100％（KH;地板到膝盖的距离），脚宽和GI铅肢是自我选择，双臂交叉于胸前和生态意义的任务语境的制约往往是缺席5-9。然而，患者发现从100％KH 10具有挑战性的上升和频繁采取更广泛的脚的位置与健康人相比，11，发起步态与患肢7，用自己的武器来产生动力7。 要启动的步态，在全身运动状态变化在purpos<html> eful方向需要12。这是通过解偶联全身中心的质量来实现的:从中心的压力的（COP（BCOM在空间13都被认为是身体段的加权平均）:将得到的地面反作用力的位置（GRF）载体14）。在胃肠道，快速定型后，向肢体的COP的横向运动的预期相位对摆动发生从而产生BCOM动量12,15。由此缔约方会议和BCOM是分开的，在它们之间的水平距离已被提议作为动态姿势控制16的量度。 COP-BCOM距离的计算需要缔约方会议和BCOM位置同时测量。 COP的标准计算如下所示公式（1）17: <img alt="式（1）" src="/files/ftp_upload/54323/54323eq1.jpg" />tp_upload / 54323 / 54323eq2.jpg"/&gt; <img alt="公式3" src="/files/ftp_upload/54323/54323eq3.jpg" /> （1） 其中M和部队代表分别约为力平台轴和定向GRF时刻。下标表示轴。原点是所述接触表面和所述力平台的原点之间的垂直距离，并且被认为是零。 推导BCOM位置的运动方法包括跟踪标记段的位移。身体分割运动的忠实代表可以通过使用群集从骨性标志置于远离刚性板标志，尽量减少软组织神器（CAST工艺18）来实现。为了确定BCOM位置，从个人身体段群众估计的基础上，尸体的工作19。三维（3D）运动系统的专有软件采用坐标近端和d的位置istal段的位置，以便:1）确定节段性长度，2）算术估计节段性群众，和3）计算节段性COM位置。这些模型然后能够根据节段间位置的净求和（ 图1）在时间上在给定的点提供的3D BCOM位置估计。 因此，本文的目的是首先提出一个标准化STSW协议，该协议是有效的生态，包括从高座高度上升。先前已表明，STSW从120％的KH为100％的KH限制代低级BCOM垂直速度和GRF的的生物力学恍上升20，这意味着从120％提高KH为受损的个体容易（和更安全的）中。其次，要得到COP-BCOM的水平距离，以评估期间使用3D动作捕捉关键里程碑和过渡的动态姿势控制。这种做法，这在STSW在健康人是独立的肢体乐的广告20，提供功能恢复评价的前景。最后，初步数据STSW代表年轻健康个体的集合呈现，并且组中的内和跨学科的变化是为了与病理个人通知比较确定。 <img alt="图1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54323/54323fig1.jpg" /> 图1. 2D BCOM计算。为了简单起见，这个例子是基于在2个维度，从3-联质量计算全腿的COM，其中各自的COM的位置（X，Y），和节段性质量（M 1的坐标， M 2，M 3）是已知的。段群众和节段性COM位置的位置，相对于所述实验室坐标系（LCS;产地:0，0），通过使用受试者体重和公布人体测量数据的运动分析系统的专用软件估计（见正文）。在x一第二ÿ腿COM位置，在3连质这个例子中，然后使用显示的公式的。 <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/54323/54323fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a>

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			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Motion Tracking Cameras</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Qualysis&#160; (Qualysis AB Gothenburg, Sweden)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Oqus 300+</td>
			<td style="width:659px;">n=8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Qualysis Track Manager (QTM)</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Qualysis&#160; (Qualysis AB Gothenburg, Sweden)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">QTM 2.9 Build No: 1697</td>
			<td>Proprietary tracking software&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Force Platform&#160; Amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Kistler Instruments, Hook, UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5233A</td>
			<td>n=4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Force Platform</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Kistler Instruments, Hook, UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9281E</td>
			<td>n=4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">AD Converter</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Qualysis&#160; (Qualysis AB Gothenburg, Sweden)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">230599</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Light-Weight Wooden Walkway Section</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Kistler Instruments, Hook, UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Type 9401B01&#160;</td>
			<td>n=2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Light-Weight Wooden Walkway Section</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Kistler Instruments, Hook, UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Type 9401B02&#160;</td>
			<td>n=4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">4 Point &#34;L-Shaped&#34; Calibration Frame</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Qualysis&#160; (Qualysis AB Gothenburg, Sweden)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">&#34;T-Shaped&#34; Wand</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Qualysis&#160; (Qualysis AB Gothenburg, Sweden)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">12mm Diameter Passive Retro reflective Marker</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Qualysis&#160; (Qualysis AB Gothenburg, Sweden)</td>
			<td>Cat No: 160181</td>
			<td>Flat Base</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Double Adhesive Tape</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Qualysis&#160; (Qualysis AB Gothenburg, Sweden)</td>
			<td>Cat No: 160188</td>
			<td>For fixing markers to skin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Height-Adjustable Stool</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Ikea, Sweden</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Svenerik</td>
			<td>Height 43-58cmwith ~10cm customized height extension option at each leg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Circular (Disc) Pressure Floor Pad</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Arun Electronics Ltd, Sussex, UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PM10</td>
			<td>305mm Diameter, 3mm thickness, 2 wire</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Lower Limb Tracking Marker Clusters</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Qualysis&#160; (Qualysis AB Gothenburg, Sweden)</td>
			<td>Cat No: 160145</td>
			<td>2 Marker clusters, lower body with 8 markers (n=2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Upper Limb Tracking Marker Clusters</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Qualysis&#160; (Qualysis AB Gothenburg, Sweden)</td>
			<td>Cat No: 160146</td>
			<td>2 Marker clusters, lower body with 6 markers (n=2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Self-Securing Bandage</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Fabrifoam, PA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>3&#39;&#39; x 5&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Cycling Skull Cap</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Dhb</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Windslam</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Digital Column Scale</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Seca</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">763 Digital Medical Scale w/ Stadiometer</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:216px;">Measuring Caliper</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Grip-On</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Grip Jumbo Aluminum Caliper - Model no. 59070</td>
			<td>24in. Jaw</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Extendable Arm Goniometer</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Lafayette Instrument</td>
			<td>Model 01135</td>
			<td>Gollehon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Light Switch</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Custom made</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Visual3D Biomechanics Analysis Software</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">C-Motion Inc., Germantown, MD, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Version 4.87</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% knee height: a novel approach to assess dynamic postural control independent of lead-limb

与感觉病理学如个人，行程必须在执行从坐到并开始步态（坐姿到步行:STW）上涨的共同任务难度。因此，在临床康复分离坐姿到站姿和步态开始 - 称为坐姿到站姿和步行（STSW） - 是平常。然而，适用于病理性评估一个明确的分析方法的标准化STSW协议还有待确定。 因此，一个目标为导向的协议定义是适合健康受损的个体通过要求上升阶段是从120％的膝盖高度发起了支持独立铅肢体的广泛基础。力的三维（3D）的光学捕获节段性移动轨蹄，和平台，以产生二维（2D）中心的压力（COP）轨迹COP和全身中心-OF-之间的水平距离的许​​可证跟踪质量（BCOM），减少其中的增加S在稳定性，但建议将代表穷人的动态姿势控制。 BCOM-COP距离表示有和没有正常化受试者的腿的长度。虽然COP-BCOM距离通过STSW各不相同，在座位起飞和初始脚尖离地（TO1）的主要运动事件中的步骤1和2规范化数据有由10位年轻的健康人进行5次重复试验低内和跨学科的变异。因此，患者上运动神经元损伤，或其他损害的患者群体，和规范数据在年轻健康个体之间的STSW范例的执行期间比较在键事件COP-BCOM距离为动态姿势稳定性的评价一种新颖的方法。

所有受试者上涨用脚置于双动力平台，用自己的非主导肢体领导的指示。与在5次重复的目标为导向的STSW任务从120％上升KH干净科目踏上了其他平台和3D基于光学的运动分析成功跟踪全身运动观察步态正常。同时COP和BCOM中侧（ML）和前后（AP）的座断和IC2（100％STSW周期），包括之间的位移:上升，暂停，步态起始（GI），步骤1和步骤2在图5A中分别示和图5B</s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb at JoVE.com

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Here, we present a novel protocol to measure positional stability at key events during the sit-to-stand-to-walk using the center-of-pressure to the whole-body-center-of-mass distance. This was derived from the force platform and three-dimensional motion-capture technology. The paradigm is reliable and can be utilized for the assessment of neurologically compromised individuals.

坐姿到站姿和步行距离120％膝盖高度:新方法来评估铅肢体的动态姿势控制独立

Individuals with sensorimotor pathology e.g., stroke have difficulty executing the common task of rising from sitting and initiating gait (sit-to-walk: ...

sit-to-stand-walk-from-120-knee-height-novel-approach-to-assess

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

10.2K 次观看.  King's College London. Here, we present a novel protocol to measure positional stability at key events during the sit-to-stand-to-walk using the center-of-pressure to the whole-body-center-of-mass distance. This was derived from the force platform and three-dimensional motion-capture technology. The paradigm is reliable and can be utilized for the assessment of neurologically compromised individuals.

视频: Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on cognitive functions across the lifespan in a sample of 378 healthy subjects (age range 18-89 years). Consistent with previous findings we found an age-related cognitive decline across a wide range of neuropsychological domains (memory, attention, executive functions), thereby proving the usability of our tablet-based application. Regardless of prior computer experience, subjects of all age groups were able to perform the tasks without instruction or feedback from an experimenter. Increased motivation and compliance proved to be beneficial for task performance, thereby potentially increasing the validity of the results. Our promising findings underline the great clinical and practical potential of a tablet-based application for detection and monitoring of cognitive dysfunction.

We tested the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on cognition. Results show an age-related cognitive decline, thereby proving the usability of our application. Findings underline the great clinical and practical potential of a tablet-based application for detection and monitoring of cognitive dysfunction.

与年龄相关的变化认知功能使用EmoCogMeter，新型平板计算机基础法评估

The main goal of this study was to assess the usability of a tablet-computer-based application (EmoCogMeter) in investigating the effects of age on ...

科研

行为学

Assessing Forelimb Function after Unilateral Cervical SCI using Novel Tasks: Limb Step-alternation, Postural Instability and Pasta Handling

Cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI) can cause devastating neurological deficits, including impairment or loss of upper limb and hand function. A majority of the spinal cord injuries in humans occur at the cervical levels. Therefore, developing cervical injury models and developing relevant and sensitive behavioral tests is of great importance. Here we describe the use of a newly developed forelimb step-alternation test after cervical spinal cord injury in rats. In addition, we describe two behavioral tests that have not been used after spinal cord injury: a postural instability test (PIT), and a pasta-handling test. All three behavioral tests are highly sensitive to injury and are easy to use. Therefore, we feel that these behavioral tests can be instrumental in investigating therapeutic strategies after cSCI.

Three new behavioral tests (forelimb step-alternation, postural instability test, pasta handling test) for evaluating forelimb function after cervical spinal cord injury in rodents are described.

采用新型任务评估前肢功能单侧颈脊髓损伤后:肢体步交替，姿势不稳和面食处理

Cervical spinal cord injury (cSCI) can cause devastating neurological deficits, including impairment or loss of upper limb and hand function. A majority ...

Using the Threat Probability Task to Assess Anxiety and Fear During Uncertain and Certain Threat

Fear of certain threat and anxiety about uncertain threat are distinct emotions with unique behavioral, cognitive-attentional, and neuroanatomical components. Both anxiety and fear can be studied in the laboratory by measuring the potentiation of the startle reflex. The startle reflex is a defensive reflex that is potentiated when an organism is threatened and the need for defense is high. The startle reflex is assessed via electromyography (EMG) in the orbicularis oculi muscle elicited by brief, intense, bursts of acoustic white noise (i.e., &#8220;startle probes&#8221;). Startle potentiation is calculated as the increase in startle response magnitude during presentation of sets of visual threat cues that signal delivery of mild electric shock relative to sets of matched cues that signal the absence of shock (no-threat cues). In the Threat Probability Task, fear is measured via startle potentiation to high probability (100% cue-contingent shock; certain) threat cues whereas anxiety is measured via startle potentiation to low probability (20% cue-contingent shock; uncertain) threat cues. Measurement of startle potentiation during the Threat Probability Task provides an objective and easily implemented alternative to assessment of negative affect via self-report or other methods (e.g., neuroimaging) that may be inappropriate or impractical for some researchers. Startle potentiation has been studied rigorously in both animals (e.g., rodents, non-human primates) and humans which facilitates animal-to-human translational research. Startle potentiation during certain and uncertain threat provides an objective measure of negative affective and distinct emotional states (fear, anxiety) to use in research on psychopathology, substance use/abuse and broadly in affective science. As such, it has been used extensively by clinical scientists interested in psychopathology etiology and by affective scientists interested in individual differences in emotion.

Potentiation of the startle reflex is measured via electromyography of the orbicularis oculi muscle during low (uncertain) and high (certain) probability electric shock threat in the Threat Probability Task. This provides an objective measure of distinct negative emotional states (fear/anxiety) for research on psychopathology, substance use/abuse, and broad affective science.

使用威胁概率任务，以评估焦虑和恐惧在不确定性和一定的威胁

Fear of certain threat and anxiety about uncertain threat are distinct emotions with unique behavioral, cognitive-attentional, and neuroanatomical ...

A Novel Experimental and Analytical Approach to the Multimodal Neural Decoding of Intent During Social Interaction in Freely-behaving Human Infants

Understanding typical and atypical development remains one of the fundamental questions in developmental human neuroscience. Traditionally, experimental paradigms and analysis tools have been limited to constrained laboratory tasks and contexts due to technical limitations imposed by the available set of measuring and analysis techniques and the age of the subjects. These limitations severely limit the study of developmental neural dynamics and associated neural networks engaged in cognition, perception and action in infants performing &#8220;in action and in context&#8221;. This protocol presents a novel approach to study infants and young children as they freely organize their own behavior, and its consequences in a complex, partly unpredictable and highly dynamic environment. The proposed methodology integrates synchronized high-density active scalp electroencephalography (EEG), inertial measurement units (IMUs), video recording and behavioral analysis to capture brain activity and movement non-invasively in freely-behaving infants. This setup allows for the study of neural network dynamics in the developing brain, in action and context, as these networks are recruited during goal-oriented, exploration and social interaction tasks.

This protocol presents a novel methodology for the neural decoding of intent from freely-behaving infants during unscripted social interaction with an actor. Neural activity is acquired using non-invasive high-density active scalp electroencephalography (EEG). Kinematic data is collected with inertial measurement units and supplemented with synchronized video recording.

在自由，表现人类婴儿一种新的实验和分析方法意向的多模态神经解码期间社会互动

Understanding typical and atypical development remains one of the fundamental questions in developmental human neuroscience. Traditionally, experimental ...

A Novel Approach to Assess Motor Outcome of Deep Brain Stimulation Effects in the Hemiparkinsonian Rat: Staircase and Cylinder Test

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment option for Parkinson&#39;s disease. In our lab we established a protocol to screen different neurostimulation patterns in hemiparkinsonian (unilateral lesioned) rats. It consists of creating a unilateral Parkinson&#39;s lesion by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right medial forebrain bundle, implanting chronic stimulation electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus and evaluating motor outcomes at the end of 24 hr periods of cable-bound external neurostimulation. The stimulation was conducted with constant current stimulation. The amplitude was set 20% below the individual threshold for side effects. The motor outcome evaluation was done by the assessment of spontaneous paw use in the cylinder test according to Shallert and by the assessment of skilled reaching in the staircase test according to Montoya. This protocol describes in detail the training in the staircase box, the cylinder test, as well as the use of both in hemiparkinsonian rats. The use of both tests is necessary, because the staircase test seems to be more sensitive for fine motor skill impairment and exhibits greater sensitivity to change during neurostimulation. The combination of the unilateral Parkinson model and the two behavioral tests allows the assessment of different stimulation parameters in a standardized way.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment option for Parkinson's disease. We established a study design to screen novel stimulation paradigms in rats. The protocol describes the use of the staircase test and cylinder test for motor outcome assessment in DBS treated hemiparkinsonian rats.

一种新的方法，以评估在帕金森病大鼠脑深部电刺激效应的运动结果:楼梯和缸测试

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment option for Parkinson&#39;s disease. In our lab we established a protocol to ...

Eye-Tracking Control to Assess Cognitive Functions in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to progressive loss of motor and speech abilities. In addition, cognitive functions are impaired in a subset of patients. To evaluate these potential deficits in severely physically impaired ALS patients, eye-tracking is a promising means to conduct cognitive tests. The present article focuses on how eye movements, an indirect means of communication for physically disabled patients, can be utilized to allow for detailed neuropsychological assessment. The requirements, in terms of oculomotor parameters that have to be met for sufficient eye-tracking in ALS patients are presented. The properties of stimuli, including type of neuropsychological tests and style of presentation, best suited to successfully assess cognitive functioning, are also described. Furthermore, recommendations regarding procedural requirements are provided. Overall, this methodology provides a reliable, easy to administer and fast approach for assessing cognitive deficits in patients who are unable to speak or write such as patients with severe ALS. The only confounding factor might be deficits in voluntary eye movement control in a subset of ALS patients.

Cognitive deficits are common in about one third of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, a neurological condition leading to progressive impairments in speech and movement abilities. To conduct cognitive tests in patients unable to speak or write a reliable and easy to administer eye-tracking paradigm was developed.

眼跟踪控制，以评估患者的认知功能与肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder with pathological involvement of upper and lower motoneurons, subsequently leading to ...

Behavioral Disturbances: An Innovative Approach to Monitor the Modulatory Effects of a Nutraceutical Diet

In dogs, diets are often used to modulate behavioral disturbances related to chronic anxiety and stress caused by intense and restless activity. However, the traditional ways to monitor behavioral changes in dogs are complicated and not efficient. In the current clinical evaluation, a new, simple monitoring system was used to assess the effectiveness of a specific diet in positively modulating the intense and restless activity of 24 dogs of different ages and breeds. This protocol describes how to easily and rapidly evaluate improvement in a set of symptoms related to generalized anxiety by using a specific sensor, a mobile phone app, a wireless router, and a computer. The results showed that dogs treated with specific diets showed significant improvement in the times spent active and at rest after 10 days (p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively). These dogs also showed an overall significant improvement in clinical and behavioral symptoms. A specific sensor, along with its related hardware, was demonstrated to successfully monitor behavioral changes relating to movement in dogs.

We report a simple approach to evaluate the effectiveness of a specific diet in positively modulating the daily activity and clinical and behavioral symptoms of dogs with evident behavioral disturbances.

行为障碍:一个创新的方法来监控保健品饮食的调节作用

In dogs, diets are often used to modulate behavioral disturbances related to chronic anxiety and stress caused by intense and restless activity. However, ...

Control of Eating Behavior Using a Novel Feedback System

Subjects eat food from a plate that sits on a scale connected to a computer that records the weight loss of the plate during the meal and makes up a curve of food intake, meal duration and rate of eating modeled by a quadratic equation. The purpose of the method is to change eating behavior by providing visual feedback on the computer screen that the subject can adapt to because her/his own rate of eating appears on the screen during the meal. The data generated by the method is automatically analyzed and fitted to the quadratic equation using a custom made algorithm. The method has the advantage of recording eating behavior objectively and offers the possibility of changing eating behavior both in experiments and in clinical practice. A limitation may be that experimental subjects are affected by the method. The same limitation may be an advantage in clinical practice, as eating behavior is more easily stabilized by the method. A treatment that uses this method has normalized body weight and restored the health of several hundred patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders and has reduced the weight and improved the health of severely overweight patients.

Subjects eat food from a plate placed on a scale connected to a computer that records the weight loss of the plate during the meal. Feedback on the computer screen allows the subject to adapt her/his eating behavior to reference curves thus normalizing body weight.

用一种新的反馈系统控制进食行为

Subjects eat food from a plate that sits on a scale connected to a computer that records the weight loss of the plate during the meal and makes up a curve ...

An Automated Method to Determine the Performance of Drosophila in Response to Temperature Changes in Space and Time

Temperature is a ubiquitous environmental factor that affects how species distribute and behave. Different species of Drosophila fruit flies have specific responses to changing temperatures according to their physiological tolerance and adaptability. Drosophila flies also possess a temperature sensing system that has become fundamental to understanding the neural basis of temperature processing in ectotherms. We present here a temperature-controlled arena that permits fast and precise temperature changes with temporal and spatial control to explore the response of individual flies to changing temperatures. Individual flies are placed in the arena and exposed to pre-programmed temperature challenges, such as uniform gradual increases in temperature to determine reaction norms or spatially distributed temperatures at the same time to determine preferences. Individuals are automatically tracked, allowing the quantification of speed or location preference. This method can be used to rapidly quantify the response over a large range of temperatures to determine temperature performance curves in Drosophila or other insects of similar size. In addition, it can be used for genetic studies to quantify temperature preferences and reactions of mutants or wild-type flies. This method can help uncover the basis of thermal speciation and adaptation, as well as the neural mechanisms behind temperature processing.

An Automated Method to Determine the Performance of Drosophila in Response to Temperature Changes in Space and Time

Here we present a protocol to automatically determine the locomotor performance of Drosophila at changing temperatures using a programmable temperature-controlled arena that produces fast and accurate temperature changes in time and space.

一种自动测定果蝇在空间和时间温度变化中的性能的方法

Temperature is a ubiquitous environmental factor that affects how species distribute and behave. Different species of Drosophila fruit flies have specific ...

Modified Blood Collection from Tail Veins of Non-anesthetized Mice with a Vacuum Blood Collection System and Eyeglass Magnifier

Blood sample collection is the basis of experimental animal research. It is of importance to obtain adequate blood samples for various research purposes. The tail veins of mice are small, and it is sometimes difficult to obtain the required blood volume by conventional puncture methods. This study investigates the superiority of repeated blood sample collection from tail veins of mice through use of a vacuum blood collection system and eyeglass magnifier (experimental group) compared to conventional blood sampling methods (conventional group), performed by beginners and experts, respectively. With the help of an eyeglass magnifier, a butterfly needle tip is inserted into the tail vein of each mouse in the experimental group. When the vein is penetrated successfully, a blood sample is collected in the vacuum collection tube by insertion of the rubber end of a butterfly needle into the vacuum blood collection tube. The plunger is then used to collect blood without the help of the eyeglass magnifier in the conventional group. Success rates of blood sample collection by the beginners and experts were shown to be 70% vs. 100% (p &#60; 0.01) in the experimental group and 35% vs. 85% (p &#60; 0.01) in the conventional group. For both beginners and experts, puncture times required for obtaining required blood sample were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the conventional group (2.40 &#177; 0.75 vs. 2.90 &#177; 0.31, p &#60; 0.05; 1.15 &#177; 0.37 vs. 1.55 &#177; 0.76, p &#60; 0.05). In conclusion, the presented blood sampling technique is feasible and easy to practice and enables frequent sampling of adequate blood volumes from non-anesthetized mice.&#160;

This study reports blood sampling from tail vein in mice using a vacuum extraction tube system with eyeglass magnifier. Our method is easy to practice and could be used for repeat blood sampling in mice.

真空采血系统和眼镜放大镜从非麻醉小鼠尾静脉中修饰采血

Blood sample collection is the basis of experimental animal research. It is of importance to obtain adequate blood samples for various research purposes. ...