这个项目是由德什潘德在麻省理工学院技术创新中心（RK和JMK）和美国国家科学基金会职业奖0952493 RK通过化学和生物分离方案支持。我们感谢为士兵纳米技术（ISN）和麻省理工学院微系统技术实验室（MTL），利用其设施研究所。

1。 HL60细胞滚动 1.1。制作图案的衬底。 <ol><li>利用微接触印刷（μCP）4-7交替聚乙二醇分子自组装膜（SAMs）的镀金玻片:编造微接触印刷聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）邮票的定义与倾斜角α= 10的受体模式°由SU - 8的成型工艺。清洁使用Piranha溶液（3:1硫酸的混合物，30％双氧水）20分钟的金表面，然后用丰富的DI水，在24.5 ° C，使用前的表面。油墨5mm的聚乙二醇溶液在乙醇的PDMS邮票。干燥空气中20分钟的邮票。轻轻地在金表面上的邮票40秒，并确保有一个良好的接触之间的金表面和邮票。没有多余的压力是必需的。用乙醇冲洗表面，干下的N 2流。 </li><li>孵育的基板，在P -选择素（15微克/毫升在DPBS）的解决方案，使用灌注室（电子显微镜科学版），3小时24.5 ° C至模式与P -选择其余地区。丰富DPBS冲洗表面。 </li><li>回填表面与BSA（1毫克/毫升在DPBS）1小时，以阻断非特异性相互作用。丰富DPBS冲洗表面。 </li></ol> 1.2。细胞在流室的滚动实验。 <ol><li>流HL60细胞在一个长方形的流室图案的表面（〜10 5细胞/ mL）（Glycotech，公司; = 1.0厘米，长度宽度 w = 6厘米， 高度为h = 0.0127厘米）悬挂在24.5 ° C 。使用注射泵（世界精密仪器，SP230IW）生成75μL/ min的流率，约0.5达因/厘米2（〜0.05 PA）与相应的剪应力。计算剪应力τ通过平面Poiseuille流方程τ= 26μQ/wh，其中μ是运动粘度（0.001002霸），Q为体积流量，W流室的宽度，h是高度流室。 </li><li>使用一个安装摄像头（安道尔IXON 885）记录，HL60细胞P -选择使用4基板用粘合剂滚动相互作用×目标倒置显微镜（尼康TE2000 - U），通常在每秒1帧的速度，持续时间为300第执行三个独立的实验中，每个剪应力和模式倾角。从每个实验中获得的平均值，平均值和标准偏差的现状数据。 </li><li>数据分析。 分析一个定制的MATLAB（MathWorks公司）计划，利用粒子跟踪免费8生成沿着图案线条边缘的轨道图像序列。延长，直至一个P -选择波段结束的曲目选择和安装两个直线段 - 流对齐，其他与图案边缘对齐。这两个部分，然后用于计算边缘跟踪长度，轧制速度上的优势，和轧制速度上的平原地区。 </li></ol> 2。代表性的成果: <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2640/2640fig1.jpg" alt="图1" /> 图（a）对HL60滚动相互作用的P -选择使用4 ×目标基板用粘合剂的视频转换的显微镜图像显示。光明和黑暗的地区对应的P -选择素受体 ​​和PEG地区，分别为图（b）显示了使用一个定制的Matlab程序取得的轨道。边缘的倾斜角度为10 °和剪应力0.5达因/厘米2。边缘跟踪的长度，L E，D，位移，并滚动速度上的优势，里面的乐队，V E和V P，分别描述图（C - 1）图（C - 2）显示边缘跟踪长度分布（记录的细胞数量）。插图显示了L E的平均价值和轧制速度上的优势（V E）和内带（V P）在倾角α= 10 °，约0.5 DYN / 厘米 2流体剪应力。误差棒代表一个标准差，其中n = 3的每个条件重复实验（3复制表面）。

<ol>
	<li>Karnik, R., Hong, S., Zhang, H., Mei, Y., Anderson, D. G., Karp, J. M., Langer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanomechanical+control+of+cell+rolling+in+two+dimensions+through+surface+Patterning+of+receptors.">Nanomechanical control of cell rolling in two dimensions through surface Patterning of receptors.</a> Nano Lett. 8 (4), 1153-1158 (2008).</li><li>Lee, C. H., Bose, S., Van Vliet, K. J., Karp, J. M., Karnik, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Examining+Lateral+Displacement+of+HL60+Cells+Rolling+on+Asymmetric+P-selectin+Patterns.">Examining Lateral Displacement of HL60 Cells Rolling on Asymmetric P-selectin Patterns.</a> Langmuir. 27 (1), 240-249 (2011).</li><li>Norman, K. E., Moore, K. L., McEver, R. P., Ley, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Leukocyte+rolling+in-vivo+is+mediated+by+p-selectin+glycoprotein+ligand-1.">Leukocyte rolling in-vivo is mediated by p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1.</a> Blood. 86 (12), 4417-4421 (1995).</li><li>Bernard, A., Delamarche, E., Schmid, H., Michel, B., Bosshard, H. R., Biebuyck, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Printing+patterns+of+proteins.">Printing patterns of proteins.</a> Langmuir. 14 (9), 2225-2229 (1998).</li><li>James, C. D., Davis, R. C., Kam, L., Craighead, H. G., Isaacson, M., Turner, J. N., Shain, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterned+protein+layers+on+solid+substrates+by+thin+stamp+microcontact+printing.">Patterned protein layers on solid substrates by thin stamp microcontact printing.</a> Langmuir. 14 (4), 741-744 (1998).</li><li>Mrksich, M., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+self-assembled+monolayers+to+understand+the+interactions+of+man-made+surfaces+with+proteins+and+cells.">Using self-assembled monolayers to understand the interactions of man-made surfaces with proteins and cells.</a> Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure. 25, 55-78 (1996).</li><li>Tan, J. L., Tien, J., Chen, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microcontact+printing+of+proteins+on+mixed+self-assembled+monolayers.">Microcontact printing of proteins on mixed self-assembled monolayers.</a> Langmuir. 18 (2), 519-523 (2002).</li><li>Lee, D., King, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microcontact+Printing+of+P-Selectin+Increases+the+Rate+of+Neutrophil+Recruitment+Under+Shear+Flow.">Microcontact Printing of P-Selectin Increases the Rate of Neutrophil Recruitment Under Shear Flow.</a> Biotechnology Progress. 24 (5), 1052-1059 .</li><li>Greenberg, A. W., Hammer, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+separation+mediated+by+differential+rolling+adhesion.">Cell separation mediated by differential rolling adhesion.</a> Biotechnol. Bioeng. 73 (2), 111-124 (2001).</li><li>Higuchi, A., Tsukamoto, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+separation+of+hepatocytes+and+fibroblasts+through+surface-modified+polyurethane+membranes.">Cell separation of hepatocytes and fibroblasts through surface-modified polyurethane membranes.</a> J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A. 71A (3), 470-479 (2004).</li><li>Alexeev, A., Verberg, R., Balazs, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterned+surfaces+segregate+compliant+microcapsules.">Patterned surfaces segregate compliant microcapsules.</a> Langmuir. 23 (3), 983-987 (2007).</li></ol>

我们已经描述了一个协议，以研究细胞滚动的轨迹上的不对称受体图案表面采用微接触印刷2。可用于光学显微镜图像显示PEG和P -选择地区之间的鲜明对比的图案表面，以确认是否是成功的冲压。可以观察锐利，直边，冲压时表现良好。硬邮票的紧迫，可能会导致邮票变形模式的精度限制。当油墨浓度过高或冲压时间过长，可能会获得波浪边。邮票和表面之间的接触不好导致非均匀PEG模式时，邮票的大小太小（&lt;0.5厘米2 ）。不新鲜的油墨解决方案可能会导致细胞因为钝化能力下降，P -选择，PEG图案地区滚动。实际的倾斜角度可以计算出从自由流动的细胞，不与表面相互作用的模式和轨迹的图像。这里描述的实验产量约单个细胞滚动沿图案边缘的事件的信息，但是，它是很难自动跟踪细胞分离一个模式，重新装上另一种模式。变着花样的间距，例如，可能使一个单一的细胞遇到多个边缘跟踪。这种能力可以使更高的分辨率，区分不同轧制的特点，在单细胞水平的细胞。由于细胞滚动行为取决于对细胞的配体，我们推测，这样的实验可能使设计适当的模式，分开不同的细胞表型， 根据其滚动的行为3，9-12差异。细胞分离和细胞配体和图案不对称受体之间的相互作用为基础的分析设备的设计，因此，这项工作可以是有用的。

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		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>Human promyelocytic leukemia cells</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>ATCC</td>
<td>CCL-240</td>
<td>HL60 cells</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gold-coated glass slides</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>EMF</td>
<td>TA134</td>
<td>Gold slides</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>(1-Mercaptoundec-11-yl)tetra(ethylene glycol)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>674508</td>
<td>PEG</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Recombinant human P-selectin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>R&amp;D Systems Inc.</td>
<td>ADP3-050</td>
<td>P-selectin</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Rockland Immunochemicals, Inc.</td>
<td>BSA-50</td>
<td>BSA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Mediatech Inc.</td>
<td>21-030</td>
<td>DPBS</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sulfuric acid </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>339741</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Hydrogen peroxide</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
<td>316989</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

studying cell rolling trajectories on asymmetric receptor patterns

细胞正交一个流的不对称受体模式滚动的横向位移提出了新设备的开发，无标记的分离和分析细胞1的机会。这种设备可用于连续流的分离，或受体模式调节，区分不同的细胞表型或受体表达水平的附着力侧向位移。了解细胞受体图案的基板上滚动的轨迹的性质为底物和这类设备的设计工程是必要的。 在这里，我们展示了一个协议，为研究细胞滚动轨迹上的不对称受体模式，支持滚动细胞粘附2。采用微接触印刷镀金的幻灯片，在流室中定义良好，微米尺度模式的P -选择素受体。 HL60细胞表达PSGL - 1配体3流向整个领域的图案线条和一个倒置的明视野显微镜观察。推出的细胞和跟踪的模式，沿倾斜的边缘，造成横向偏转 1 。每个细胞通常推出一个沿图案边缘一定距离（定义为边缘跟踪长度），从边缘分离，并重新连接到下游的模式。虽然这支队，使其难以跟踪从入口到出口的流室的一个单元格的整个轨迹，粒子跟踪软件用于分析和收益率在时间的细胞滚动的轨迹，当他们在一个单一的受体纹线。的轨迹，然后检查，以获取细胞的滚动速度和不同图案的每个单元格的边缘跟踪长度的分布。 此协议是有用的量化细胞上的受体模式滚动轨迹，以及与这些工程模式的角度和剪应力等参数。这些数据将被用于无标记细胞分离和分析的微流体装置的设计。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Cell Rolling Trajectories on Asymmetric Receptor Patterns at JoVE.com

Studying Cell Rolling Trajectories on Asymmetric Receptor Patterns

我们描述了一个协议，来观察和分析细胞不对称受体图案基板的滚动轨迹。由此产生的数据是有用的无标记细胞分离和分析受体图案基板工程。

不对称受体模式研究细胞滚动轨迹

Lateral displacement of cells orthogonal to a flow stream by rolling on asymmetric receptor patterns presents an opportunity for development of new ...

studying-cell-rolling-trajectories-on-asymmetric-receptor-patterns

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

9.5K 次观看.  MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 我们描述了一个协议，来观察和分析细胞不对称受体图案基板的滚动轨迹。由此产生的数据是有用的无标记细胞分离和分析受体图案基板工程。

视频: Studying Cell Rolling Trajectories on Asymmetric Receptor Patterns

Microfabrication of Nanoporous Gold Patterns for Cell-material Interaction Studies

Nanostructured materials with feature sizes in tens of nanometers have enhanced the performance of several technologies, including fuel cells, biosensors, biomedical device coatings, and drug delivery tools. Nanoporous gold (np-Au), produced by a nano-scale self-assembly process, is a relatively new material that exhibits large effective surface area, high electrical conductivity, and catalytic activity. These properties have made np-Au an attractive material to scientific community. Most studies on np-Au employ macro-scale specimens and focus on fundamental science of the material and its catalytic and sensor applications. The macro-scale specimens limit np-Au's potential in miniaturized systems, including biomedical devices. In order to address these issues, we initially describe two different methods to micropattern np-Au thin films on rigid substrates. The first method employs manually-produced stencil masks for creating millimeter-scale np-Au patterns, while the second method uses lift-off photolithography to pattern sub-millimeter-scale patterns. As the np-Au thin films are obtained by sputter-deposition process, they are compatible with conventional microfabrication techniques, thereby amenable to facile integration into microsystems. These systems include electrically-addressable biosensor platforms that benefit from high effective surface area, electrical conductivity, and gold-thiol-based surface bioconjugation. We describe cell culture, immunostaining, and image processing techniques to quantify np-Au's interaction with mammalian cells, which is an important performance parameter for some biosensors. We expect that the techniques illustrated here will assist the integration of np-Au in platforms at various length-scales and in numerous applications, including biosensors, energy storage systems, and catalysts.

We report on techniques to micropattern nanoporous gold thin films via stencil printing and photolithography, as well as methods to culture cells on the microfabricated patterns. In addition, we describe image analysis methods to characterize morphology of the material and the cultured cells using scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy techniques.

细胞物质相互作用研究微细的纳米多孔金模式

Nanostructured materials with feature sizes in tens of nanometers have enhanced the performance of several technologies, including fuel cells, biosensors, ...

科研

生物工程

Systematic Analysis of In Vitro Cell Rolling Using a Multi-well Plate Microfluidic System

A major challenge for cell-based therapy is the inability to systemically target a large quantity of viable cells with high efficiency to tissues of interest following intravenous or intraarterial infusion. Consequently, increasing cell homing is currently studied as a strategy to improve cell therapy. Cell rolling on the vascular endothelium is an important step in the process of cell homing and can be probed in-vitro using a parallel plate flow chamber (PPFC). However, this is an extremely tedious, low throughput assay, with poorly controlled flow conditions. Instead, we used a multi-well plate microfluidic system that enables study of cellular rolling properties in a higher throughput under precisely controlled, physiologically relevant shear flow1,2. In this paper, we show how the rolling properties of HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) cells on P- and E-selectin-coated surfaces as well as on cell monolayer-coated surfaces can be readily examined. To better simulate inflammatory conditions, the microfluidic channel surface was coated with endothelial cells (ECs), which were then activated with tumor necrosis factor-&#945; (TNF-&#945;), significantly increasing interactions with HL-60 cells under dynamic conditions. The enhanced throughput and integrated multi-parameter software analysis platform, that permits rapid analysis of parameters such as rolling velocities and rolling path, are important advantages for assessing cell rolling properties in-vitro. Allowing rapid and accurate analysis of engineering approaches designed to impact cell rolling and homing, this platform may help advance exogenous cell-based therapy.

Systematic Analysis of In Vitro Cell Rolling Using a Multi-well Plate Microfluidic System

This study used a multi-well plate microfluidic system, significantly increasing throughput of cell rolling studies under physiologically relevant shear flow. Given the importance of cell rolling in the multi-step cell homing cascade and the importance of cell homing following systemic delivery of exogenous populations of cells in patients, this system offers potential as a screening platform to improve cell-based therapy.

的系统分析<em&gt;体外</em&gt;细胞滚动使用多孔板微流控系统

A major challenge for cell-based therapy is the inability to systemically target a large quantity of viable cells with high efficiency to tissues of ...

Cell Patterning on Photolithographically Defined 
Parylene-C: SiO2 Substrates

Cell patterning platforms support broad research goals, such as construction of predefined in vitro neuronal networks and the exploration of certain central aspects of cellular physiology. To easily combine cell patterning with Multi-Electrode Arrays (MEAs) and silicon-based &#8216;lab on a chip&#8217; technologies, a microfabrication-compatible protocol is required. We describe a method that utilizes deposition of the polymer parylene-C on SiO2&#160;wafers. Photolithography enables accurate and reliable patterning of parylene-C at micron-level resolution. Subsequent activation by immersion in fetal bovine serum (or another specific activation solution) results in a substrate in which cultured cells adhere to, or are repulsed by, parylene or SiO2 regions respectively. This technique has allowed patterning of a broad range of cell types (including primary murine hippocampal cells, HEK 293 cell line, human neuron-like teratocarcinoma cell line, primary murine cerebellar granule cells, and primary human glioma-derived stem-like cells). Interestingly, however, the platform is not universal; reflecting the importance of cell-specific adhesion molecules. This cell patterning process is cost effective, reliable, and importantly can be incorporated into standard microfabrication (chip manufacturing) protocols, paving the way for integration of microelectronic technology.

Cell Patterning on Photolithographically Defined 
Parylene-C: SiO2 Substrates

This protocol describes a microfabrication-compatible method for cell patterning on SiO2. A predefined parylene-C design is photolithographically printed on SiO2 wafers. Following incubation with serum (or other activation solution) cells adhere specifically to (and grow according to the conformity of) underlying parylene-C, whilst being repulsed by SiO2 regions.

在光刻技术定义的聚对二甲苯-C细胞图案:二氧化硅<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;基板

Cell patterning platforms support broad research goals, such as construction of predefined in vitro neuronal networks and the exploration of certain ...

Electronic Tongue Generating Continuous Recognition Patterns for Protein Analysis

In current protocol, a combinatorial approach has been developed to simplify the design and production of sensing materials for the construction of electronic tongues (eT) for protein analysis. By mixing a small number of simple and easily accessible molecules with different physicochemical properties, used as building blocks (BBs), in varying and controlled proportions and allowing the mixtures to self-assemble on the gold surface of a prism, an array of combinatorial surfaces featuring appropriate properties for protein sensing was created. In this way, a great number of cross-reactive receptors can be rapidly and efficiently obtained. By combining such an array of combinatorial cross-reactive receptors (CoCRRs) with an optical detection system such as surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi), the obtained eT can monitor the binding events in real-time and generate continuous recognition patterns including 2D continuous evolution profile (CEP) and 3D continuous evolution landscape (CEL) for samples in liquid. Such an eT system is efficient for discrimination of common purified proteins.

A novel approach is described for construction of electronic tongue (eT), which greatly simplifies the design and production of sensing materials, and allows the eT to generate continuous evolution profiles and landscapes for samples in liquid. The obtained eT is efficient for common protein analysis such as discrimination.

电子舌生成连续的识别模式的蛋白质分析

In current protocol, a combinatorial approach has been developed to simplify the design and production of sensing materials for the construction of ...

Fluorescence Biomembrane Force Probe: Concurrent Quantitation of Receptor-ligand Kinetics and Binding-induced Intracellular Signaling on a Single Cell

Membrane receptor-ligand interactions mediate many cellular functions. Binding kinetics and downstream signaling triggered by these molecular interactions are likely affected by the mechanical environment in which binding and signaling take place. A recent study demonstrated that mechanical force can regulate antigen recognition by and triggering of the T-cell receptor (TCR). This was made possible by a new technology we developed and termed fluorescence biomembrane force probe (fBFP), which combines single-molecule force spectroscopy with fluorescence microscopy. Using an ultra-soft human red blood cell as the sensitive force sensor, a high-speed camera and real-time imaging tracking techniques, the fBFP is of ~1 pN (10-12 N), ~3 nm and ~0.5 msec in force, spatial and temporal resolution. With the fBFP, one can precisely measure single receptor-ligand binding kinetics under force regulation and simultaneously image binding-triggered intracellular calcium signaling on a single live cell. This new technology can be used to study other membrane receptor-ligand interaction and signaling in other cells under mechanical regulation.

We describe a technique for concurrently measuring force-regulated single receptor-ligand binding kinetics and real-time imaging of calcium signaling in a single T lymphocyte.

生物膜荧光探针力:受体 - 配体动力学并行和定量结合诱导细胞内信号作用于单细胞

Membrane receptor-ligand interactions mediate many cellular functions. Binding kinetics and downstream signaling triggered by these molecular interactions ...

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) for Intracellular Targeting Applications

Nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles have shown great promise for intracellular targeting applications, providing a mechanism to specifically alter cellular signaling and gene expression. In a previous investigation, the synthesis of ultra-small solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for topical drug delivery and biomarker detection applications was demonstrated. SLNs are a well-studied example of a nanoparticle delivery system that has emerged as a promising drug delivery vehicle. In this study, SLNs were loaded with a fluorescent dye and used as a model to investigate particle-cell interactions. The phase inversion temperature (PIT) method was used for the synthesis of ultra-small populations of biocompatible nanoparticles. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was utilized in order to establish appropriate dosing levels prior to the nanoparticle-cell interaction studies. Furthermore, primary human dermal fibroblasts and mouse dendritic cells were exposed to dye-loaded SLN over time and the interactions with respect to toxicity and particle uptake were characterized using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. This study demonstrated that ultra-small SLNs, as a nanoparticle delivery system, are suitable for intracellular targeting of different cell types.

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles SLNs for Intracellular Targeting Applications

In this study, a method for synthesizing ultra-small populations of biocompatible nanoparticles was described, as well as several in vitro methods by which to assess their cellular interactions.

固体脂质纳米粒（前哨淋巴结）细胞内定位的应用

Nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles have shown great promise for intracellular targeting applications, providing a mechanism to specifically alter ...

Studying the Stoichiometry of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Intact Cells using Correlative Microscopy

This protocol describes the labeling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on COS7 fibroblast cells, and subsequent correlative fluorescence microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) of whole cells in hydrated state. Fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) were coupled to EGFR via a two-step labeling protocol, providing an efficient and specific protein labeling, while avoiding label-induced clustering of the receptor. Fluorescence microscopy provided overview images of the cellular locations of the EGFR. The scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) detector was used to detect the QD labels with nanoscale resolution. The resulting correlative images provide data of the cellular EGFR distribution, and the stoichiometry at the single molecular level in the natural context of the hydrated intact cell. ESEM-STEM images revealed the receptor to be present as monomer, as homodimer, and in small clusters. Labeling with two different QDs, i.e.,&#160;one emitting at 655 nm and at 800 revealed similar characteristic results.

This protocol describes the labeling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on COS7 fibroblast cells, and subsequent correlative light- and electron microscopy of whole cells in hydrated state. The label contained fluorescent quantum dots. The protocol can be used to study the stoichiometry of EGFR at the single molecule level.

研究表皮生长因子受体的完整细胞使用相关显微镜的化学计量

This protocol describes the labeling of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on COS7 fibroblast cells, and subsequent correlative fluorescence ...

Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases

The lack of relevant in vitro neural models is an important obstacle on medical progress for neuropathologies. Establishment of relevant cellular models is crucial both to better understand the pathological mechanisms of these diseases and identify new therapeutic targets and strategies. To be pertinent, an in vitro model must reproduce the pathological features of a human disease. However, in the context of neurodegenerative disease, a relevant in vitro model should provide neural cell replacement as a valuable therapeutic opportunity. 
Such a model would not only allow screening of therapeutic molecules but also can be used to optimize neural protocol differentiation [for example, in the context of transplantation in Parkinson's disease (PD)]. This study describes two in vitro protocols of 1) human glioblastoma development within a human neural organoids (NO) and 2) neuron dopaminergic (DA) differentiation generating a three-dimensional (3D) organoid. For this purpose, a well-standardized protocol was established that allows the production of size-calibrated neurospheres derived from human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation. The first model can be used to reveal molecular and cellular events occurring during in glioblastoma development within the neural organoid, while the DA organoid not only represents a suitable source of DA neurons for cell therapy in Parkinson's disease but also can be used for drug testing.

This study introduces and describes protocols to derive two specific human neural organoids&#160;as a relevant and accurate model for studying 1) human glioblastoma development within human neural organoids exclusively in humans and 2) neuron dopaminergic differentiation generating a three-dimensional organoid.

研究脑癌和神经退行性疾病的人类神经器官

The lack of relevant in vitro neural models is an important obstacle on medical progress for neuropathologies. Establishment of relevant cellular models ...

A Macrophage Reporter Cell Assay to Examine Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB/AP-1 Signaling on Adsorbed Protein Layers on Polymeric Surfaces

The persistent inflammatory host response to an implanted biomaterial, known as the foreign body reaction, is a significant challenge in the development and implementation of biomedical devices and tissue engineering constructs. Macrophages, an innate immune cell, are key players in the foreign body reaction because they remain at the implant site for the lifetime of the device, and are commonly studied to gain an understanding of this detrimental host response. Many biomaterials researchers have shown that adsorbed protein layers on implanted materials influence macrophage behavior, and subsequently impact the host response. The methods in this paper describe an in vitro model using adsorbed protein layers containing cellular damage molecules on polymer biomaterial surfaces to assess macrophage responses. An NF-&#1082;B/AP-1 reporter macrophage cell line and the associated colorimetric alkaline phosphatase assay were used as a rapid method to indirectly examine NF-&#1082;B/AP-1 transcription factor activity in response to complex adsorbed protein layers containing blood proteins and damage-associated molecular patterns, as a model of the complex adsorbed protein layers formed on biomaterial surfaces in vivo.

This protocol provides researchers with a rapid, indirect method of measuring TLR-dependent NF-&#1082;B/AP-1 transcription factor activity in a murine macrophage cell line in response to a variety of polymeric surfaces and adsorbed protein layers that model the biomaterial implant microenvironment.

巨噬细胞报告器细胞分析，以检查聚合物表面的吸附蛋白层上的收费类似受体介导NF-kB/AP-1信号

The persistent inflammatory host response to an implanted biomaterial, known as the foreign body reaction, is a significant challenge in the development ...

A Human 3D Extracellular Matrix-Adipocyte Culture Model for Studying Matrix-Cell Metabolic Crosstalk

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role in regulating tissue homeostasis, engaging in crosstalk with cells and regulating multiple aspects of cellular function. The ECM plays a particularly important role in adipose tissue function in obesity, and alterations in adipose tissue ECM deposition and composition are associated with metabolic disease in mice and humans. Tractable in vitro models that permit dissection of the roles of the ECM and cells in contributing to global tissue phenotype are sparse. We describe a novel 3D in vitro model of human ECM-adipocyte culture that permits study of the specific roles of the ECM and adipocytes in regulating adipose tissue metabolic phenotype. Human adipose tissue is decellularized to isolate ECM, which is subsequently repopulated with preadipocytes that are then differentiated within the ECM into mature adipocytes. This method creates ECM-adipocyte constructs that are metabolically active and retain characteristics of the tissues and patients from which they are derived. We have used this system to demonstrate disease-specific ECM-adipocyte crosstalk in human adipose tissue. This culture model provides a tool for dissecting the roles of the ECM and adipocytes in contributing to global adipose tissue metabolic phenotype and permits study of the role of the ECM in regulating adipose tissue homeostasis.

We describe a 3D human extracellular matrix-adipocyte in vitro culture system that permits dissection of the roles of the matrix and adipocytes in contributing to adipose tissue metabolic phenotype.

用于研究基质细胞代谢串扰的人类3D细胞外基质-脂肪培养模型

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a central role in regulating tissue homeostasis, engaging in crosstalk with cells and regulating multiple aspects of ...