资助来源：HL084087，HL089885，HL091475，S10RR027946，T32 GM07356

1。成像的制备<ol><li>异氟醚麻醉鼠标的动物仰卧位处理平台的开始。放置一个以上的动物提供0.5-1％异氟醚维持麻醉的鼻子和嘴巴的鼻锥。 </li><li>鼠标的爪子安全进行凝胶电极片。确保适当的心电图，身体的温度在37℃，呼吸频率，在成像检查生理评估。 </li><li>脱毛霜鼠标的胸部和上腹部。 </li><li> 2分钟后，用湿纱布取出的奶油。 </li></ol> 2。左胸骨旁长轴<ol><li>一旦鼠标已经准备成像，左侧倾斜的平台，对anterioposterior轴30度旋转的动物处理平台。 </li><li>东方的垂直位置传感器和旋转10度逆时针的缺口对准鼠标后。 </li><li>下一步，而在二维观看/视频“B模式”，降低左胸骨旁线传感器，直到心脏映入眼帘。一旦肺动脉映入眼帘，采集图像，并将其储存。 </li><li>不过在B模式下，移动传感器的左或右，直到主动脉流出和Apex映入眼帘。一些可能是必要的，以确保正确对齐的心脏长轴旋转探头。 </li><li>使用视频采集，以供后续分析获得的数据。最小化的视野，以确保最高的帧速率可能对下游区域应变分析。每个视频捕获时，前100帧将被保存。 </li><li>切换选择“彩色多普勒彩色多普勒模式。”虽然彩色多普勒已超过30年在人类的，这项技术最近才得以在啮齿类动物超声。 </li><li>快速监视的方向和血流速度，多普勒窗口覆盖的数字化从红色的流量，流向探头，蓝色表示，说明流量远离探头。获得必要的图像，通过图像采集。 </li><li>已获得，一旦所有的彩色多普勒数据，仪器开关脉冲波多普勒模式下，一维的观点，用于数字评估血流方向和速度随着时间的推移。 </li><li>走向探针头鼠标稍微直到肺动脉映入眼帘。在心力衰竭的情况下，PW /彩色多普勒测量肺动脉可作为右心功能的替代品。捕捉所需的图像。 </li></ol> 3。左乳头中短轴<ol><li>短轴超声心动图提供了一个同心时尚承包整个左心室，并允许准确的B型和M - 心脏功能和形态学基础的评估模式。 </li><li>在B模式中，从胸骨旁长轴切面，左胸骨旁乳头肌水平长轴正交旋转传感器。 </li><li>确保适当的位置沿长度左心室。这两个乳头肌应清晰可见，分开，给人一种水平的横断面。 </li><li>与M -模式，将通过心室中心的样本量和采集数据。 </li><li>如果需要的话，附加，启动和利用三维电机，以获得完整的三维重建所需的图像。 </li><li>生理学设置，包括呼吸频率及心电图，浇注的三维图像采集舒张末期</li><li>三维成像电机启动在舒张末期图像捕捉。 </li><li>一旦舒张末期3D捕捉完成后，呼吸频率及心电图的生理设置被设置为浇注在年底收缩的三维图像捕捉</li><li>三维成像电机启动最终收缩捕捉的图像。 </li></ol> 4。肋下（四腔）查看<ol><li>肋下的看法是最好的方法能力和压力梯度测量二尖瓣。 </li><li>倾斜的平台的左上角一路下滑。东方传感器对鼠标的右肩膀，保持短轴旋转探头。 </li><li>在B模式，降低对上腹部的传感器，以便它由下面的隔膜。可视化的二尖瓣使用前面所述的彩色多普勒。 </li></ol> 5。主动脉查看<ol><li>动物的处理平台，旋转到左边侧卧位置。该平台的左侧应尽可能予以倾斜。接下来，东方的传感器，倾斜尽可能向上沿鼠标的长度，在水平肩胛骨。 </li><li>传感器的劣势下沿腋前线的右肩。可视化的主动脉弓，并获取图像。 </li><li>抬起头，鼠标降低到胸骨上切迹鼠标传感器。可视化使用彩色多普勒血流，并获取图像。 </li></ol> 6。代表性的成果<ol><li>这是一个长轴，B型心脏左心室和右心室的一小部分。 </li><li>在这里，留下了另一个心脏短轴的看法是在M模式。上面的图像显示通过商会中心黄色的样本量线的位置。底部图像是上述线的一维跟踪随着时间的推移，以及计算青色形态学</li><li>这是B型主动脉弓。封闭主动脉瓣可以看出，在左边，可以在右边看到鼠标的头部和上肢的供血血管。 </li><li>径向应变分析前心功能不全，显示在最上面的图片，并与全球运动功能减退和区域的不同步，在底部的图像显示，鼠标的鼠标。这两种表型诱导，通过横向主动脉缩窄，增加负荷的小鼠模型。 </li><li>在图中，显示在X轴和径向应变的时间，以百分比显示，Y轴。应变分析允许区域评估心脏功能，在M模式，这不仅直接措施前游离壁和后壁的功能，如传统的技术被忽视，否则可能会去。 </li><li>前游离壁显示为绿色。粉红色的线显示侧壁是粉红色。后壁是青色。下游离壁以蓝色显示。后室间隔显示为黄色。前间隔是洋红色，平均显示为黑色。 </li></ol><img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig1.jpg" alt="图1" /> 图1左胸骨旁长轴B型。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig2.jpg" alt="图2" /> 图2左短轴切面M型。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig3.jpg" alt="图3" /> 图3。B型主动脉弓。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/2100/2100fig4.jpg" alt="图4" /> 图4。两个小鼠12周后，交咨会的径向应变分析。绿色=蚂蚁。游离壁。粉红色=侧壁。青色=后壁。蓝= INF。游离壁。黄色=职位。室间隔。品红=前隔。黑=平均A）鼠标与保存功能。 B）鼠标运动功能减退与全球和区域的不同步。

<ol>
	<li>Patten, R. D., Hall-Porter, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+animal+models+of+heart+failure:+development+of+novel+therapies,+past+and+present.">Small animal models of heart failure: development of novel therapies, past and present.</a> Circ Heart Fail. 2, 138-144 (2009).</li><li>Li, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+and+MRI+Validation+of+Regional+Contractile+Dysfunction+in+Mice+Post+Myocardial+Infarction+Using+High+Resolution+Ultrasound.">Quantification and MRI Validation of Regional Contractile Dysfunction in Mice Post Myocardial Infarction Using High Resolution Ultrasound.</a> Ultrasound in Medicine &#38; Biology. 33, 894-904 (2007).</li><li>Gardin, J. M., Siri, F. M., Kitsis, R. N., Edwards, J. G., Leinwand, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+Assessment+of+Left+Ventricular+Mass+and+Systolic+Function+in+Mice.">Echocardiographic Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass and Systolic Function in Mice.</a> Circ Res. 76, 907-914 (1995).</li><li>JG, S. t. e. v. e. n. s. o. n., Weiler, T. B. M., EA, H. o. w. a. r. d., Eyer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Digital+multigate+Doppler+with+color+echo+and+Doppler+display+-+Diagnosis+of+atrial+and+ventricular+septal+defects.">Digital multigate Doppler with color echo and Doppler display - Diagnosis of atrial and ventricular septal defects.</a> Circulation. 60, (1979).</li><li>Patten, R. D., Aronovitz, M. J., Bridgman, P., Pandian, N. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+pulse+wave+and+color+flow+Doppler+echocardiography+in+mouse+models+of+human+disease.">Use of pulse wave and color flow Doppler echocardiography in mouse models of human disease.</a> J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 15, 708-714 (2002).</li><li>Hoit, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Echocardiographic+characterization+of+the+cardiovascular+phenotype+in+rodent+models.">Echocardiographic characterization of the cardiovascular phenotype in rodent models.</a> Toxicol Pathol. 34, 105-110 (2006).</li></ol>

Pistner，贝尔蒙特，Blaxall：没有披露库塔Visualsonics的全职雇员。

串行高频超声心动图已经成为一个非侵入性的，高分辨率的心脏形态和功能的评估，特别是在心脏病的小鼠模型，功能强大的工具。保持生理体温以及之前获得的图像通过调整麻醉水平的小鼠之间的可比性心率，这种方法的成功是至关重要的。应使用相同的生物标志物（如胸骨旁乳头肌的长轴成像）获得的所有图像。最后，图像分析，应以一致的方式（例如，一个单一的，蒙蔽的调查），以确保可重复性和偏见的情况下。

A correction was made to <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/index/details.stp?id=2100">Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging</a>. There was an error in the author, Burns Blaxalls', name and the article title. The authors name has been corrected to:
Burns C. Blaxall
instead of:
Burns Blaxall
The article title was changed to:
Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging
instead of:
Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging

A correction to an author's name and the article title has been made for the article Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging.

Erratum: Murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging

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<td>Vevo 2100 Imaging System (120V)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Visual Sonics</td>
<td>VS-11945</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
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<td>Vevo 2100 Imaging Station 1</td>
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<td>Visual Sonics</td>
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<td>Ultrasound Gel</td>
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<td>Parker Laboratories</td>
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<td>Isoflurane</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Abbott Laboratories</td>
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murine echocardiography and ultrasound imaging

心脏的病理生理的啮齿类动物模型代表一个有价值的研究工具，调查机制，疾病以及测试新疗法1超声心动图提供了强大的，非侵入性工具，连续评估一个活生生的动物的心脏形态学和功能。，但是，使用这种技术对小鼠对由于这些动物的体积小，心率加快，独特的挑战。直到最近，很少超声系统能够执行质量超声心动图对小鼠，和那些普遍缺乏的图像分辨率和帧速率要获得真正的定量测量。新发布的系统，如VisualSonics Vevo2100为研究者提供新的工具，以谨慎和非侵入性的调查小鼠的心脏功能。该系统生成高分辨率的图像，并提供与人类患者所使用的类似的分析能力。虽然彩色多普勒已超过30年在人类的，这个宝贵的技术最近才得以在啮齿类动物超声。4,5彩色多普勒超声心动图，具有广阔的应用前景，包括能够快速评估船只在通过阀门的流量方向性，并迅速查明瓣关闭不全。应变分析是一个重要的的进步，是利用定量测量区域的心肌功能 。6这项技术有可能检测病理变化，或病理的决议，较常规技术。再加此外，整个器官的三维图像重建容积评估是可能的，包括心脏和血管结构的可视化和评估。鼠兼容相衬成像，还可以让体积测量和组织灌注的评估。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging at JoVE.com

Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging

本视频演示了利用轨安装的高频超声探头上执行麻醉小鼠的超声心动图。除了更新，更强大的工具，如彩色多普勒，应变分析，以及一般和有针对性的对比成像的方法描述这两个传统的二维和M型测量心脏功能。

小鼠超声心动图和超声成像

Rodent models of cardiac pathophysiology represent a valuable research tool to investigate mechanism of disease as well as test new therapeutics.1  ...

murine-echocardiography-and-ultrasound-imaging

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

35.2K 次观看.  University of Rochester. 本视频演示了利用轨安装的高频超声探头上执行麻醉小鼠的超声心动图。除了更新，更强大的工具，如彩色多普勒，应变分析，以及一般和有针对性的对比成像的方法描述这两个传统的二维和M型测量心脏功能。

视频: Murine Echocardiography and Ultrasound Imaging

Transthoracic Echocardiography in Mice

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene expression. Transgenic and gene targeting methods can be used to generate mice with altered cardiac size and function,1-3 and as a result, in vivo techniques are needed to evaluate their cardiac phenotype. Transthoracic echocardiography, pulse wave Doppler (PWD), and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) can be used to provide dimensional measurements of the mouse heart and to quantify the degree of cardiac systolic and diastolic performance. Two-dimensional imaging is used to detect abnormal anatomy or movements of the left ventricle, whereas M-mode echo is used for quantification of cardiac dimensions and contractility.4,5 In addition, PWD is used to quantify localized velocity of turbulent flow,6 whereas TDI is used to measure the velocity of myocardial motion.7 Thus, transthoracic echocardiography offers a comprehensive method for the noninvasive evaluation of cardiac function in mice.

Transthoracic echocardiography offers a noninvasive method for the evaluation of cardiac function in mice. A combination of ultrasound and Doppler imaging modalities can be used to obtain dimensional measurements of the heart and intracardiac blood flow, which together provide an assessment of cardiac systolic and diastolic performance.

经胸超声心动图在小鼠

In recent years, murine models have become the primary avenue for studying the molecular mechanisms of cardiac dysfunction resulting from changes in gene ...

科研

医学

Murine Fetal Echocardiography

Transgenic mice displaying abnormalities in cardiac development and function represent a powerful tool for the understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying both normal cardiovascular function and the pathophysiological basis of human cardiovascular disease. Fetal and perinatal death is a common feature when studying genetic alterations affecting cardiac development 1-3. In order to study the role of genetic or pharmacologic alterations in the early development of cardiac function, ultrasound imaging of the live fetus has become an important tool for early recognition of abnormalities and longitudinal follow-up. Noninvasive ultrasound imaging is an ideal method for detecting and studying congenital malformations and the impact on cardiac function prior to death 4. It allows early recognition of abnormalities in the living fetus and the progression of disease can be followed in utero with longitudinal studies 5,6. Until recently, imaging of fetal mouse hearts frequently involved invasive methods. The fetus had to be sacrificed to perform magnetic resonance microscopy and electron microscopy or surgically delivered for transillumination microscopy. An application of high-frequency probes with conventional 2-D and pulsed-wave Doppler imaging has been shown to provide measurements of cardiac contraction and heart rates during embryonic development with databases of normal developmental changes now available 6-10. M-mode imaging further provides important functional data, although, the proper imaging planes are often difficult to obtain. High-frequency ultrasound imaging of the fetus has improved 2-D resolution and can provide excellent information on the early development of cardiac structures 11.

Fetal and perinatal death is a common feature when studying genetic alterations affecting cardiac development. High-frequency ultrasound imaging has improved 2-D resolution and can provide excellent information on early cardiac development and is an ideal method to detect the impact on cardiac structure and function prior to death.

小鼠胎儿超声心动图

Transgenic mice displaying abnormalities in  cardiac development and function represent a powerful tool for the understanding  the molecular mechanisms ...

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

Fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in abnormal cardiac function that is apparent antenatally due to advances in fetoplacental Doppler ultrasound and fetal echocardiography. Increasingly, these imaging modalities are being employed clinically to examine cardiac function and assess wellbeing in utero, thereby guiding timing of birth decisions. Here, we used a rabbit model of IUGR that allows analysis of cardiac function in a clinically relevant way. Using isoflurane induced anesthesia, IUGR is surgically created at gestational age day 25 by performing a laparotomy, exposing the bicornuate uterus and then ligating 40-50% of uteroplacental vessels supplying each gestational sac in a single uterine horn. The other horn in the rabbit bicornuate uterus serves as internal control fetuses. Then, after recovery at gestational age day 30 (full term), the same rabbit undergoes examination of fetal cardiac function. Anesthesia is induced with ketamine and xylazine intramuscularly, then maintained by a continuous intravenous infusion of ketamine and xylazine to minimize iatrogenic effects on fetal cardiac function. A repeat laparotomy is performed to expose each gestational sac and a microultrasound examination (VisualSonics VEVO 2100) of fetal cardiac function is performed. Placental insufficiency is evident by a raised pulsatility index or an absent or reversed end diastolic flow of the umbilical artery Doppler waveform. The ductus venosus and middle cerebral artery Doppler is then examined. Fetal echocardiography is performed by recording B mode, M mode and flow velocity waveforms in lateral and apical views. Offline calculations determine standard M-mode cardiac variables, tricuspid and mitral annular plane systolic excursion, speckle tracking and strain analysis, modified myocardial performance index and vascular flow velocity waveforms of interest. This small animal model of IUGR therefore affords examination of in utero cardiac function that is consistent with current clinical practice and is therefore useful in a translational research setting.

We describe examination of fetal cardiac function with contemporary functional fetal echocardiography and fetoplacental Doppler ultrasound using the VisualSonics VEVO 2100 microultrasound in a surgically induced model of intrauterine fetal growth restriction in a rabbit.

在家兔模型宫内生长受限胎儿超声心动图和多普勒超声脉冲波

Fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in abnormal cardiac function that is apparent antenatally due to advances in fetoplacental Doppler ...

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological approach for biomechanical studies in a clinical or laboratory setting. Towards this goal, methods for quantification of muscle kinematics from ultrasound imagery are being developed based on image processing. The temporal resolution of these methods is typically not sufficient for highly dynamic tasks, such as drop-landing. We propose a new approach that utilizes a Doppler method for quantifying muscle kinematics. We have developed a novel vector tissue Doppler imaging (vTDI) technique that can be used to measure musculoskeletal contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities using ultrasound. The goal of this preliminary study was to investigate the repeatability and potential applicability of the vTDI technique in measuring musculoskeletal velocities during a drop-landing task, in healthy subjects. The vTDI measurements can be performed concurrently with other biomechanical techniques, such as 3D motion capture for joint kinematics and kinetics, electromyography for timing of muscle activation and force plates for ground reaction force. Integration of these complementary techniques could lead to a better understanding of dynamic muscle function and dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of musculoskeletal disorders.

We describe a new ultrasound-based vector tissue Doppler imaging technique to measure muscle contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities. This approach provides complementary measurements of dynamic muscle function and could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal disorders.

肌肉骨骼超声成像的一种新应用

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon  motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological  approach ...

Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Diaphragm Function

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive surgical procedures. Although this is an effective method of assessing in vitro diaphragm activity, it involves non-survival surgery. The application of non-invasive ultrasound imaging as an in vivo procedure is beneficial since it not only reduces the number of animals sacrificed, but is also suitable for monitoring disease progression in live mice. Thus, our ultrasound imaging method may likely assist in the development of novel therapies that alleviate muscle injury induced by various respiratory diseases. Particularly, in clinical diagnoses of obstructive lung diseases, ultrasound imaging has the potential to be used in conjunction with other standard tests to detect the early onset of diaphragm muscle fatigue. In the current protocol, we describe how to accurately evaluate diaphragm contractility in a mouse model using a diagnostic ultrasound imaging technique.

Diagnostic ultrasound imaging has proven to be effective in diagnosing various respiratory diseases in human and animal subjects. We demonstrate a comprehensive ultrasound protocol utilized by Dr. Zuo's lab to analyze diaphragm kinetics specifically in mouse models. This is also a non-invasive research technique which can provide quantitative information on mouse respiratory muscle function.

小鼠膈肌功能诊断超声成像

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive ...

High-frequency Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Cervical Lymph Nodes

High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is widely employed as a non-invasive method for imaging internal anatomic structures in experimental small animal systems. HFUS has the ability to detect structures as small as 30 &#181;m, a property that has been utilized for visualizing superficial lymph nodes in rodents in brightness (B)-mode. Combining power Doppler with B-mode imaging allows for measuring circulatory blood flow within lymph nodes and other organs. While HFUS has been utilized for lymph node imaging in a number of mouse&#160; model systems, a detailed protocol describing HFUS imaging and characterization of the cervical lymph nodes in mice has not been reported. Here, we show that HFUS can be adapted to detect and characterize cervical lymph nodes in mice. Combined B-mode and power Doppler imaging can be used to detect increases in blood flow in immunologically-enlarged cervical nodes. We also describe the use of B-mode imaging to conduct fine needle biopsies of cervical lymph nodes to retrieve lymph tissue for histological&#160; analysis. Finally, software-aided steps are described to calculate changes in lymph node volume and to visualize changes in lymph node morphology following image reconstruction. The ability to visually monitor changes in cervical lymph node biology over time provides a simple and powerful technique for the non-invasive monitoring of cervical lymph node alterations in preclinical mouse models of oral cavity disease.

This protocol describes the application of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) for imaging mouse cervical lymph nodes. This technique optimizes visualization and quantification of cervical lymph node morphology, volume and blood flow. Image-guided biopsy of cervical lymph nodes and processing of lymph tissue for histological evaluation is also demonstrated.

鼠标颈淋巴结高频超声成像

High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is widely employed as a non-invasive method for imaging internal anatomic structures in experimental small animal ...

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

The present methodology teaches the investigator how to measure and use the LAV as a surrogate of chronic elevations in Left Ventricular diastolic pressure through echocardiography, as well as to obtain measurements of the Aorta and PA diameter in mice.
Mice older than 10 d of age can be analyzed using the present technique. The technique is composed of 3 main steps: set-up, image acquisition, and image analysis. The set-up step consists of getting the mouse anesthetized with 1% isoflurane, shaving it, and taping it in a supine position to a heated EKG board where the image acquisition will take place. The image acquisition step consists of learning to identify the cardiac structures and obtaining all the required images with its correspondent probe and axis in order to be able to calculate volumes and diameters. The image analysis step consists of measuring the previously acquired images with the aid of computer software.
Advantages of the proposed technique include a fast (15 min) procedure that would allow the researcher to evaluate interventions in a non-invasive, non-terminal approach and therefore follow the same mouse over time; each mouse can be used as its own control. This fact plus having the same operator perform all the acquisition and analysis for the entire experiment minimizes the limitation of operator-dependency. The present methodology is useful for mouse researchers in cardiovascular and pulmonary medicine.

The following protocol describes the methodology for the acquisition and analysis of echocardiographic images used to obtain the Left Atrial Volume (LAV), Aorta (Ao) diameter, and Pulmonary Artery (PA) diameter in mice. This technique is a non-invasive, non-terminal procedure that allows assessment of the cardiopulmonary function.

左心房，主动脉和肺动脉的超声心动图小鼠

The present methodology teaches the investigator how to measure and use the LAV as a surrogate of chronic elevations in Left Ventricular diastolic ...

3D Ultrasound Imaging: Fast and Cost-effective Morphometry of Musculoskeletal Tissue

The developmental goal of 3D ultrasound imaging (3DUS) is to engineer a modality to perform 3D morphological ultrasound analysis of human muscles. 3DUS images are constructed from calibrated freehand 2D B-mode ultrasound images, which are positioned into a voxel array. Ultrasound (US) imaging allows quantification of muscle size, fascicle length, and angle of pennation. These morphological variables are important determinants of muscle force and length range of force exertion. The presented protocol describes an approach to determine volume and fascicle length of m.&#160;vastus lateralis and m.&#160;gastrocnemius medialis. 3DUS facilitates standardization using 3D anatomical references. This approach provides a fast and cost-effective approach for quantifying 3D morphology in skeletal muscles. In healthcare and sports, information on the morphometry of muscles is very valuable in diagnostics and/or follow-up evaluations after treatment or training.

3D ultrasound imaging (3DUS) allows fast and cost-effective morphometry of musculoskeletal tissues. We present a protocol to measure muscle volume and fascicle length using 3DUS.

3D 超声成像: 快速、经济高效的肌骨骼组织形态分析

The developmental goal of 3D ultrasound imaging (3DUS) is to engineer a modality to perform 3D morphological ultrasound analysis of human muscles. 3DUS ...

Providing Visual Biofeedback Using Brightness Mode Ultrasound During a Golf Swing

Using ultrasound biofeedback in conjunction with verbal cueing can increase muscle thickness more than verbal cueing alone and may augment traditional rehabilitation techniques in an athletic, physically active population. Brightness mode (B-mode) ultrasound can be applied using frame-by-frame analysis synchronized with video to understand muscle thickness changes during these dynamic tasks. Visual biofeedback with ultrasound has been established in static positions for the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall. However, by securing the transducer to the abdomen using an elastic belt and foam block, biofeedback can be applied during more specific tasks prevalent in lifetime sports, such as golf. To analyze muscle activity during a golf swing, muscle thickness changes can be compared. The thickness must increase throughout the task, indicating that the muscle is more active. This methodology allows clinicians to immediately replay ultrasound videos for patients as a visual tool to instruct proper activity of the muscles of interest. For example, ultrasound can be used to target the external and internal obliques, which play an important role in swinging a golf club or any other rotational sport or activity. This methodology aims to increase oblique muscle thickness during the golf swing. Additionally, the timing of muscle contraction can be targeted by instructing the patient to contract the abdominal muscles at specific time points, such as the beginning of the downswing, with the goal of improving muscle firing patterns during tasks.

Brightness mode ultrasound can be used to provide visual biofeedback of the muscles of the lateral abdominal wall during a golf swing. Post-swing visual and verbal instruction can increase the muscle activation and timing of the external and internal obliques.

在高尔夫挥杆期间使用亮度模式超声波提供视觉生物反馈

Using ultrasound biofeedback in conjunction with verbal cueing can increase muscle thickness more than verbal cueing alone and may augment traditional ...

Muscle Function Obtained with Motion Mode Ultrasound and Surface Electromyography during Core Endurance Exercise

Motion mode (M-mode) ultrasound allows researchers and clinicians to measure the change of muscle thickness across time. Muscle thickness can be measured between fascial borders at a given time point during an exercise. This selected time point produces a one-dimensional image resulting in real-time, live observation of anatomy. Ultrasound used during functional movement can be referred to as dynamic ultrasound; this is feasible and reliable with the use of a linear transducer, elastic belt, and foam block to secure consistent transducer placement. The lateral abdominal wall is commonly investigated using ultrasound due to the overlapping nature of the muscles. Surface electromyography (sEMG) can complement M-mode ultrasound imaging because it measures the electrical representation of muscle activation. There is minimal evidence using M-mode ultrasound and sEMG simultaneously during core exercise. Exercises that challenge the core musculature involve both isometric holds (e.g., side plank), as well as oscillatory extremity movements (e.g., dead bug). In this study, both instruments will be used simultaneously to measure core muscle function during exercise. Ultrasound measurements will be obtained using a linear transducer and ultrasound unit, and sEMG measurements will be acquired from a wireless sEMG system. To make comparisons between participants and exercises, normalization methods using static, exercise starting positions for both instruments will be used. An activation ratio will be used for ultrasound and calculated by dividing the contracted thickness (thickness during a time point of exercise) by the rested (starting position) thickness. Muscle thickness will be measured in centimeters from the superior inferior fascial border to inferior superior fascial border. These methods aim to offer an innovative and practical measurement of muscle function with M-mode ultrasound and sEMG during core endurance exercises.

This protocol uses motion mode ultrasound and surface electromyography simultaneously to measure muscle function of the core. Muscle thickness and activation of the local stabilizers (e.g., transverse abdominis, internal oblique) and global movers (e.g., external oblique) is achievable during specific time points of the side plank and dead bug exercises.

核心耐力运动期间通过运动模式超声和表面肌电图获得的肌肉功能

Motion mode (M-mode) ultrasound allows researchers and clinicians to measure the change of muscle thickness across time. Muscle thickness can be measured ...