这种材料是以要求研究支持或部分支持由该技术商业化办公室，盐湖城UT斯达康，研究和发展办公室，康复ř＆D服务，DVA的SLC的卫生保健系统，盐湖市，UT斯达康，美国国防部PRMRP格兰特（号PR054520），阿尔伯特和玛格丽特霍夫曼主席和骨科部，美国犹他州大学医学院，盐湖城，UT斯达康提供了模拟的技术支持中心，结合生物医学计算科学计算及影像学研究所和部分可能由来自美国国立卫生研究院/ NCRR中心，结合生物医学计算P41 - RR12553 - 07软件 。 稿件准备和达斯汀威廉姆斯的援助附加感谢延长Gwenevere肖生物膜的形象。

第1部分：使用计算机断层扫描（CT）扫描，为截肢者重建<ol><li>回顾CT扫描收集从犹他州和部门获得IRB和HIPAA的批准后，退伍军人事务医院的大学。 </li><li> CT扫描，因为它们允许对X射线的吸光度为基础的组织类型之间的明确区分。 </li><li> CT的手动检查，包括在金属植入物的情况下，以防止图像神器的基础上研究。 </li></ol>第2部分：模型生成与Seg3D <ol><li> DICOM图像文件下载，并加载到Seg3D（版本1.11.0，software.sci.utah.edu）作为一个新的卷。 </li><li>中位数过滤器是用来顺利进口量前确定几何定义的组织结构。 </li><li>骨，骨髓，器官和脂肪组织的组织界限，所产生的阈值的CT文件交互方式（图1）。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1237/1237fig1.jpg" alt="图1" /> 图1：一个截肢者残肢的矢状截面阈值，并分隔成特定的组织类型。 </li><li>肌肉是通过手动设置阈值的肌肉组织内的种子点，并使用连接过滤器的信心，找到所有的连接到种子点的组织。这一步消除了错误的组织可能已经分组的基础上从CTS类似的吸水性肌肉。 </li><li>皮肤，这是无法可靠地辨别从CT图像，产生扩张的最外层组织2毫米，皮肤厚度平均产生一层均匀的厚度，包围整个模型1。 </li><li>分割手动检查，纠正，以确保准确性和有限元分析（图1）所需的地图到一个单一的标签的层次结构相结合。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1237/1237fig2.jpg" alt="图2" /> 图2：代表层次结构模型的创建与Seg3D双边截肢者。 </li></ol>第3部分：有限元分析的准备工作<ol><li>一个10厘米植入的目的是在Matlab作为电刺激植入的骨科器械和阴极和进口SCIRun（版本4.0，software.sci.utah.edu）。 </li></ol>第4部分：电极放置及设计<ol><li> SCIRun是利用电极设计，因为它支持交互式的电极放置和模拟。 </li><li>创建一个网络，并组织具有特定功能的模块来生成网格（图3）。模块被定义边界条件，组织电导率，网格细化，产生的matlab直方图，记录字段数据等（见表1）的重要。 <img src="/files/ftp_upload/1237/1237fig3.jpg" alt="图3" /> 图3：使用两个波段的外部电极配置的试点研究，从代表的网络形象。 <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td> 表1 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> 分配到分段组织的导电性</td></tr><tr><td> 组织类型 </td><td> 导电性[S / M] </td></tr><tr><td>机构</td><td> 0.22 </td></tr><tr><td>皮肤</td><td> 0.26 </td></tr><tr><td>脂肪</td><td> 0.09 </td></tr><tr><td>肌肉</td><td> 0.25 </td></tr><tr><td>骨皮质</td><td> 0.02 </td></tr><tr><td>骨髓</td><td> 0.07 </td></tr></tbody></table></li><li>电极的配置包括一个补丁电极，两个电极补丁，一个连续的频段，并连续两个频段。 </li><li>外部电极带，适用于从病人的CT扫描生成的模型的残肢，分别为1.6厘米的厚度。 </li><li>电极贴片放置一个覆盖地带，大约一半的残肢的直径3厘米，厚度。 </li><li>代表种植体植入的内皮层植入设置内膜直径允许植入适合完美，并填写 2 。 </li></ol>第5部分：有限元分析<ol><li>模拟生成的假设，电动指标可以计算使用一个准静态的方法，没有时间依赖性。 </li><li>该模型是通过求解拉普拉斯Seg3D分割产生每个组织类型方程计算。 </li><li>由电极注入电流和指引​​，保持身体内形成的边界条件。 </li><li>由于电极植入了更大的电导率比周围组织，它是一个ssumed植入（阴极）是在一个恒定的潜力，同样的表面电极经皮植入一个恒定的电势差为蓝本。 </li><li>为了评估电极配置和尺寸的疗效，患者的具体型号是发达国家和种植体周围界面的电势来确定局部领域的优势。 </li><li>该模型是使用约180万分段均匀，欧姆和各向同性处理的元素组成一个六面体网格生成。 </li><li>这个实验的最佳模型选择一个相对差&lt;5％的电压梯度网格敏感性研究证实，以确保模型的准确度（见表2）。 <table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="305"><tbody><tr><td> 表2 </td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="3"> 网为截肢者模型的灵敏度研究</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 网 </td><td> 元素 </td><td> 节点 </td><td> 相对差异 </td></tr><tr><td> 100 100 50 </td><td> 149089 </td><td> 161131 </td><td> 0.0995 </td></tr><tr><td> 125 125 75 </td><td> 350180 </td><td> 371472 </td><td> 0.0802 </td></tr><tr><td> 150 150 100 </td><td> 673032 </td><td> 706082 </td><td> 0.0545 </td></tr><tr><td> 175 175 125 </td><td> 1146778 </td><td> 1194044 </td><td> 0.0527 </td></tr><tr><td> 200 200 150 </td><td> 1796690 </td><td> 1860772 </td><td> 0.0439 </td></tr><tr><td> 250 250 200 </td><td> 3745038 </td><td> 3850202 </td><td> 0.0364 </td></tr><tr><td> 275 275 225 </td><td> 5097243 </td><td> 5226587 </td><td> 0.0301 </td></tr><tr><td> 300 300 250 </td><td> 6742588 </td><td> 6898729 </td><td> 0.0000 </td></tr></tbody></table></li><li>使用迭代求解器，电度量的有限元模型计算了电极的配置。 </li></ol>

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该技术在文章中披露，特别是利用作为一个功能阴极的骨科植入，增加骨骼的附着，减少康复和防止细菌粘附是由第一作者，在杂志上提交发明了一种新的想法。一项发明披露形式已被提交给犹他州立大学和一个美国临时专利保护所有披露的技术已提交。

了解电刺激模式在医疗和战场上的撤离战略的增强，导致幸存的勇士灾难性的战争工伤人数增加。虽然提高成活率是医疗进步，军人和妇女返回需要截肢打击密集的后续照顾退伍军人事务医疗保健系统3，漫长的康复过程和昂贵的假肢服务。美国国会报告的细节，作为一个持久自由行动（OEF）和伊拉克自由行动（OIF）的冲突4的结果发生了超过1000个与战争有关的截肢。 OEF和OIF退伍军人的情况下，约15％返回勇士已经失去了多个四肢，并有相当数量的军人和妇女返回残留四肢短套接字技术是不是一种选择，或已被患者拒绝。上肢假肢的使用报告的停产甚至超过50％，因为固定装置是繁琐和困难的舒适使用5的。下肢假肢是同样的问题，与软组织插座有关的常见问题，包括无法行走具有挑战性的terrain6， 有限的残肢长度为7，患者的不适感5， 非生理负荷8的关注，刺激异位骨化9和风险使人衰弱的疾病10。然而，骨整合技术是一种新型的手术技术可能减少11疼痛，皮肤红肿12，提高osseoperception 13，改善流动性6，减少与插座6相关的压疮，减少能源下地 7,14，更好地服务于有限的退伍军人和勇士残肢长度为15。 尽管众多的生理和心理优势的骨结合，相关的手术过程中需要更先进的预防感染治疗streategies 16，需要长期的康复计划，包括限制性的负重协议， 这可能长达1.5年术后17。由于宿主骨和残肢长度的可行性是非常重要的肌肉附着和功能，开发新的设备，以提高骨结合是军人和妇女返回的关键。因此，发展一个种植体植入智能设计（OIID）系统，它使用控制的电刺激可减少康复的长度，并增加对退伍军人和战士被截肢者的骨骼附件。然而，由于目前没有设备是市售和使用经皮种植体植入，该计划的动机是与有限元分析，以确认安全性和有效性。 了解电刺激在骨重塑的作用，特别是osteoids和矿化沉积，一直投机。然而，在骨观察的电活动可能是机械装载 18,19，因此，电刺激可能是一个有效的机制，诱导骨修复 19 。假设背后的逻辑是在骨折愈合模型的解释。当长骨被加载，在张力侧正电和压缩侧阴电20,21，然而，一次骨破裂，该网站将继续尊重周围环境的阴电直至愈合已经展开，动态平衡恢复 21 。电信号模拟自然愈合级联一直认为，以协助钙的沉积22日 ，中的氧含量和pH值23的轻微改变，招聘生长因子 22，并与成骨细胞的迁移和分泌更多的细胞外基质的24次助攻。 已经被重新定义的前提下，电刺激可以单独执政完整的骨修复和当前新的假说，形成完整的工会是由机械载荷和电刺激共同刺激19。压电变形的胶原蛋白或大的电动力学产生电流流动过去的骨基质 25的矿物部分的离子成分与体内观察到的电脉冲。事实上，自发的潜力已经在骨6毫伏和26骨矿化沉积率增加相关。 早期工作由布莱顿和Friedenberg 18,21,27,28用于骨再生的电刺激的概念在20世纪60年代和20世纪70年代和demonstrated直接电流可用于修复在较短的时间内，传统的治疗方法相比，非工会。其他型号进行了调查与限制负重骨形成和表现出成骨活性之间的控制和四肢电刺激25的增加了31 ％。 虽然在电刺激领域的研究铺平了道路为理解电刺激对成骨细胞外基质沉积的机制的方法，认识不足，限制了这项技术的扩张。虽然有许多情况下，非工会和骨折愈合模型，患者的不适感的例子和失败的尝试，成功的愈合是充满文献以及 29 。电刺激的问题发生，从科学家和临床医生控制错误的电气指标，仅仅集中在目前的程度。以前的研究人员研究过目前的“灵丹妙药”固定近似50万非工会每年发生 30 。然而，模型之间的可重复性已有限的31焦耳加热并发症，而不是确定的电流密度32。事实上，所有生产的生物医学设备必须限制电流密度小于2毫安/平方厘米作为国际电工委员会的概述，以防止局部组织坏死，患者的不适感33。 除了 ​​协助骨骼固定，控制电刺激也可阻止细菌粘附在骨科植入物和减少骨髓炎和生物膜形成34-37的风险。生物膜形成矫形器械导致病人的并发症和相当大的痛苦，那些依赖这些设备 38 。重点是放在上已经完全消毒仪器和植入手术39之前的必要性，但它往往难以诊断细菌粘附明显许多负面培养的情况下，这确实是感染了40。这个问题常常与事实生物膜缓慢增长40性质，不能增长准确地在体外培养 39，取决于细菌的细胞类型，表面的清洁度和免疫系统受影响的人 39 。欧洲oseeointegration技术transfemoral截肢者的调查显示，最常见的问题是感染（频繁浅表感染，1 / 3假体周围感染） 41。虽然有很大改进手术准备，消除细菌生物膜之间500-5000千倍更加困难，以消除由于非柏拉图的形式34,35,39改善骨结合的基本因素之一。因此，利用电刺激作为消除有害的细菌菌落和增加骨骼固定方式是确保保护病人的健康和OIID疗效的重要因素。 使用退伍军人和战士被截肢者的优点是相对的青年和其他好这些人的健康，使他们积极的恢复和经皮后，将作为日间援助和开发可作为阴极电刺激暴露的理想人口。种植体植入的存在并不需要额外的手术过程中插入电气元件，使设备外部控制，并防止进一步感染42的风险。因此，认识到退伍军人和战士被截肢者的残肢，1-10 V / cm时的幅度电场电流注入法可建立，控制和在种植体界面的测量。据推测，这将使交付电力安全水平，能够诱导成骨细胞迁移和改善骨骼附件。电场的这个学位将增加在种植体界面骨的数量和质量，并为加速截肢者的康复和骨骼固定改善的前景。没有被查处使用电刺激作为加快髓内假体植入骨结合的方式，并提出了许多机会转化研究，以改善病人护理。 实验结果患者的具体型号与经皮电刺激装置的必要性，在研究的支持。所建议的医学设备开发的模拟可能会加快增加成骨细胞迁移的骨骼附着和防止细菌粘附27,34,36,39的能力。比赛utation建模，有效地显示，1-10 V /厘米的电场和电流密度低于2毫安/平方厘米可作为一个功能阴极生成的植入，是最均匀分布使用两个频段外部电极。 OIID系统可与电刺激相关的经典问题解决的第一步，无法确定目前的途径，在人体 43 。因此，建立为提高骨骼附件的工具可以协助减少康复为种植体过程中所需的长度。 年纪较大的截肢者利用电刺激也是一个重要的方面，必须探索以及。骨量是最大的十年后骨骼生长停止，但明显减少第八届和第九届十年 44 。只要骨骼随着年龄的增长而变化，内膜直径往往更迅速，增幅比骨膜的直径，这可能会导致假体松动45。加之较弱的肌肉骨骼应变减少这个问题可能会导致使人衰弱的疾病，如骨质疏松症和骨量减少45，并需要额外的种植体植入患者的治疗方案。然而，控制电刺激和机械负荷可能会作为一个骨ongrowth协同催化剂，并保持与宿主骨床完整的老年患者使用OIID制度。

bioelectric analyses of an osseointegrated intelligent implant design system for amputees

预计美国截肢者的人数预计将上升到2050年的3.6万。许多这些人依赖于执行日常活动的假肢，但假体悬浮液使用传统的接口技术可以被证明是累赘和一个肢体残缺的人感到不舒服。此外，对于那些高近端截肢，有限的残肢长度可能会阻止所有exoprosthesis附件。种植体植入技术是一种新的手术方式，它允许公司之间的宿主骨和植入骨骼附件。在欧洲截肢者与种植体植入的初步结果表明允许负载直接转移到骨植入界面，改善临床结果。尽管骨结合的插座技术优势明显，目前的康复程序，需要长期的限制性承重之前，这可能与减少通过电刺激加速骨骼附件。智能植入种植体的设计（OIID）系统的目标是使电气系统，加速骨骼的附件，并有助于防止假体周围感染的植入部分。为了确定最佳的电极大小和位置，我们发起了概念证明，在截肢患者剩余四肢的电刺激产生的电场和电流密度的计算模型。为了保证病人的安全，具有追溯计算机断层扫描受试者选择创建定制的软件程序，以确保在IRB解剖的准确性（Seg3D和SCIRun）和HIPAA批准研究和三维重建。这些软件包支持患者的具体模式的发展和电极的位置和大小的互动操作所允许的。初步结果表明，电场和电流密度可达到均匀的电场诱导成骨细胞迁移，增强骨骼固定，并可能有助于防止假体周围感染的分布在种植体界面生成。根据电极与模型试验的配置，外部两个波段配置将在未来的主张。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees at JoVE.com

Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees

有必要开发替代假体附件因血管闭塞性疾病和创伤的断肢。这项工作的目标是引入智能植入种植体的设计系统，增加骨骼的内固定，减少病人需要种植体技术的假体周围的感染率。

被截肢者的智能植入种植体设计系统的生物电分析

The projected number of American amputees is expected to rise to 3.6 million by 2050.  Many of these individuals depend on artificial limbs to perform ...

bioelectric-analyses-an-osseointegrated-intelligent-implant-design

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

13.9K 次观看.  Department of Veteran Affairs. 有必要开发替代假体附件因血管闭塞性疾病和创伤的断肢。这项工作的目标是引入智能植入种植体的设计系统，增加骨骼的内固定，减少病人需要种植体技术的假体周围的感染率。

视频: Bioelectric Analyses of an Osseointegrated Intelligent Implant Design System for Amputees

Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis

The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) demonstrate a technique that can be used to directly estimate the inertial properties of a below-knee prosthesis, and 2) contrast the effects of the proposed technique and that of using intact limb inertial properties on joint kinetic estimates during walking in unilateral, transtibial amputees. An oscillation and reaction board system was validated and shown to be reliable when measuring inertial properties of known geometrical solids. When direct measurements of inertial properties of the prosthesis were used in inverse dynamics modeling of the lower extremity compared with inertial estimates based on an intact shank and foot, joint kinetics at the hip and knee were significantly lower during the swing phase of walking. Differences in joint kinetics during stance, however, were smaller than those observed during swing. Therefore, researchers focusing on the swing phase of walking should consider the impact of prosthesis inertia property estimates on study outcomes. For stance, either one of the two inertial models investigated in our study would likely lead to similar outcomes with an inverse dynamics assessment.

Body segmental inertial properties are required for inverse dynamics modeling. Using an oscillation and reaction board technique, inertial properties of below-knee prostheses were measured. Using direct measures of prosthesis inertia in the inverse dynamics model of the prosthetic leg resulted in lower magnitudes of resultant joint forces and moments.

对于膝下义肢的估算惯性振荡性质与反应板技术

The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) demonstrate a technique that can be used to directly estimate the inertial properties of a below-knee ...

科研

生物工程

Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis

To enable intuitive operation of powered artificial legs, an interface between user and prosthesis that can recognize the user's movement intent is desired. A novel neural-machine interface (NMI) based on neuromuscular-mechanical fusion developed in our previous study has demonstrated a great potential to accurately identify the intended movement of transfemoral amputees. However, this interface has not yet been integrated with a powered prosthetic leg for true neural control. This study aimed to report (1) a flexible platform to implement and optimize neural control of powered lower limb prosthesis and (2) an experimental setup and protocol to evaluate neural prosthesis control on patients with lower limb amputations. First a platform based on a PC and a visual programming environment were developed to implement the prosthesis control algorithms, including NMI training algorithm, NMI online testing algorithm, and intrinsic control algorithm. To demonstrate the function of this platform, in this study the NMI based on neuromuscular-mechanical fusion was hierarchically integrated with intrinsic control of a prototypical transfemoral prosthesis. One patient with a unilateral transfemoral amputation was recruited to evaluate our implemented neural controller when performing activities, such as standing, level-ground walking, ramp ascent, and ramp descent continuously in the laboratory. A novel experimental setup and protocol were developed in order to test the new prosthesis control safely and efficiently. The presented proof-of-concept platform and experimental setup and protocol could aid the future development and application of neurally-controlled powered artificial legs.

Neural-machine interfaces (NMI) have been developed to identify the user's locomotion mode. These NMIs are potentially useful for neural control of powered artificial legs, but have not been fully demonstrated. This paper presented (1) our designed engineering platform for easy implementation and development of neural control for powered lower limb prostheses and (2) an experimental setup and protocol in a laboratory environment to evaluate neurally-controlled artificial legs on patients with lower limb amputations safely and efficiently.

工程平台和设计一个Neurally控制供电采用经假体与评价实验方案

To enable intuitive operation of powered artificial legs, an interface between user and prosthesis that can recognize the user's movement intent is ...

An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage

Recent advances in material science have led to a substantial increase in the topographical complexity of implant surfaces, both on a micro- and a nano-scale. As such, traditional methods of describing implant surfaces -&#160;namely numerical determinants of surface roughness -&#160;are inadequate for predicting in vivo performance. Biomechanical testing provides an accurate and comparative platform to analyze the performance of biomaterial surfaces. An improved mechanical testing method to test the anchorage of bone to candidate implant surfaces is presented. The method is applicable to both early and later stages of healing and can be employed for any range of chemically or mechanically modified surfaces -&#160;but not smooth surfaces. Custom rectangular implants are placed bilaterally in the distal femora of male Wistar rats and collected with the surrounding bone. Test specimens are prepared and potted using a novel breakaway mold and the disruption test is conducted using a mechanical testing machine. This method allows for alignment of the disruption force exactly perpendicular, or parallel, to the plane of the implant surface, and provides an accurate and reproducible means for isolating an exact peri-implant region for testing.

An improved method to mechanically test bone anchorage to candidate implant surfaces is presented. This method allows for alignment of the disruption force exactly perpendicular, or parallel, to the plane of the implant surface, and provides an accurate means to direct the disruption forces to an exact peri-implant region.

一种改进的机械性能测试方法来评估骨种植体支抗

Recent advances in material science have led to a substantial increase in the topographical complexity of implant surfaces, both on a micro- and a ...

Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses

This work describes a methodological framework that can be used to explicitly and implicitly characterize the sense of agency developed over the neural-machine interface (NMI) control of sensate virtual or robotic prosthetic hands. The formation of agency is fundamental in distinguishing the actions that we perform with our limbs as being our own. By striving to incorporate advanced upper-limb prostheses into these same perceptual mechanisms, we can begin to integrate an artificial limb more closely into the user&#39;s existing cognitive framework for limb control. This has important implications in promoting user acceptance, use, and effective control of advanced upper-limb prostheses. In this protocol, participants control a virtual prosthetic hand and receive kinesthetic sensory feedback through their preexisting NMIs. A series of virtual grasping tasks are performed and perturbations are systematically introduced to the kinesthetic feedback and virtual hand movements. Two separate measures of agency are employed: established psychophysical questionnaires (to capture the explicit experience of agency) and a time interval estimate task to capture the implicit sense of agency (intentional binding). Results of this protocol (questionnaire scores and time interval estimates) can be analyzed to quantify the extent of agency formation.

Here we present a protocol which characterizes the sense of agency developed over the control of sensate virtual or robotic prosthetic hands. Psychophysical questionnaires are employed to capture the explicit experience of agency, and time interval estimates (intentional binding) are employed to implicitly measure the sense of agency.

神经机台面假体作用的代理感特征

This work describes a methodological framework that can be used to explicitly and implicitly characterize the sense of agency developed over the ...

行为学

Environmental Dynamic Mechanical Analysis to Predict the Softening Behavior of Neural Implants

When using dynamically softening substrates for neural implants, it is important to have a reliable in vitro method to characterize the softening behavior of these materials. In the past, it has not been possible to satisfactorily measure the softening of thin films under conditions mimicking body environment without substantial effort. This publication presents a new and simple method that allows dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of polymers in solutions, such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS), at relevant temperatures. The use of environmental DMA allows measurement of the softening effects of polymers due to plasticization in various media and temperatures, which therefore allows a prediction of the materials behavior under in vivo conditions.

To allow reliable predictions of the softening of polymeric substrates for neural implants in an in vivo environment, it is important to have a reliable in vitro method. Here, the use of dynamic mechanical analysis in phosphate buffered saline at body temperature is presented.

预测神经植入物软化行为的环境动力力学分析

When using dynamically softening substrates for neural implants, it is important to have a reliable in vitro method to characterize the softening behavior ...

Fabrication of the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (C-RPNI) in the Adult Rat

Recent advances in neuroprosthetics have enabled those living with extremity loss to reproduce many functions native to the absent extremity, and this is often accomplished through integration with the peripheral nervous system. Unfortunately, methods currently employed are often associated with significant tissue damage which prevents prolonged use. Additionally, these devices often lack any meaningful degree of sensory feedback as their complex construction dampens any vibrations or other sensations a user may have previously depended on when using more simple prosthetics. The composite regenerative peripheral nerve interface (C-RPNI) was developed as a stable, biologic construct with the ability to amplify efferent motor nerve signals while providing simultaneous afferent sensory feedback. The C-RPNI consists of a segment of free dermal and muscle graft secured around a target mixed sensorimotor nerve, with preferential motor nerve reinnervation of the muscle graft and sensory nerve reinnervation of the dermal graft. In rats, this construct has demonstrated the generation of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), amplifying the target nerve&#39;s signal from the micro- to milli-volt level, with signal to noise ratios averaging approximately 30-50. Stimulation of the dermal component of the construct generates compound sensory nerve action potentials (CSNAPs) at the proximal nerve. As such, this construct has promising future utility towards the realization of the ideal, intuitive prosthetic.

Fabrication of the Composite Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface C-RPNI in the Adult Rat

The following manuscript describes a novel method for developing a biologic, closed loop neural feedback system termed the composite regenerative peripheral nerve interface (C-RPNI). This construct has the ability to integrate with peripheral nerves to amplify efferent motor signals while simultaneously providing afferent sensory feedback.

成年大鼠复合再生外周神经接口（C-RPNI）的制造

Recent advances in neuroprosthetics have enabled those living with extremity loss to reproduce many functions native to the absent extremity, and this is ...

Surface Electromyographic Biofeedback as a Rehabilitation Tool for Patients with Global Brachial Plexus Injury Receiving Bionic Reconstruction

In patients with global brachial plexus injury and lack of biological treatment alternatives, bionic reconstruction, including the elective amputation of the functionless hand and its replacement with a prosthesis, has recently been described. Optimal prosthetic function depends on a structured rehabilitation protocol, as residual muscle activity in a patient&#8217;s arm is later translated into prosthetic function. Surface electromyographic (sEMG) biofeedback has been used during rehabilitation after stroke, but has so far not been used in patients with complex peripheral nerve injuries. Here, we present our rehabilitation protocol implemented in patients with global brachial plexus injuries suitable for bionic reconstruction, starting from identification of sEMG signals to final prosthetic training. This structured rehabilitation program facilitates motor relearning, which may be a cognitively debilitating process after complex nerve root avulsion injuries, aberrant re-innervation and extra-anatomical reconstruction (as is the case with nerve transfer surgery). The rehabilitation protocol using sEMG biofeedback aids in the establishment of new motor patterns as patients are being made aware of the advancing re-innervation process of target muscles. Additionally, faint signals may also be trained and improved using sEMG biofeedback, rendering a clinically &#34;useless&#34;&#160;muscle (exhibiting muscle strength M1 on the British Medical Research Council [BMRC] scale) eligible for dexterous prosthetic hand control. Furthermore, functional outcome scores after successful bionic reconstruction are presented in this article.

Optimal functional outcomes after bionic reconstruction in patients with global brachial plexus injury depend on a structured rehabilitation protocol. Surface electromyographic guided training may improve the amplitude, separation and consistency of EMG signals, which - after elective amputation of a functionless hand - control and drive a prosthetic hand.

表面肌电图生物反馈作为全球胸腺丛损伤患者接受仿生重建的康复工具

In patients with global brachial plexus injury and lack of biological treatment alternatives, bionic reconstruction, including the elective amputation of ...

神经科学

An Implantable System For Chronic In Vivo Electromyography

Electromyography (EMG) measures the muscle response to electrical stimulation or spontaneous activity of motor units and plays an important role in assessing neuromuscular function. Chronic recording of EMG activity reflecting a muscle&#8217;s reinnervation status after nerve injury has been limited, due to the invasive nature of traditional EMG recording techniques. In this regard, an implantable system is designed for long-term, in vivo EMG recording and nerve stimulation. It has been applied and tested in a study on reinnervation of laryngeal muscles. This system consists of 1) two bipolar electrode nerve cuffs and leads for stimulating each of two nerves: the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN); 2) two EMG recording electrodes and leads for each of the two laryngeal muscles: posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle and thyroarytenoid-lateral cricoarytenoid (TA-LCA) muscle complex; and 3) a skin receptacle interfacing all implanted lead terminals to an external recording preamplifier and stimulator using a connection cable. The wire leads are Teflon-coated, multi-filament, type 316 stainless steel. They are coiled and can stretch during body movement of the awake animal to prevent lead breakage and electrode migration. This system is implanted during an aseptic surgery. Afterwards, baseline EMG recordings are performed before the RLN is transected in the second surgery to study muscle reinnervation. Throughout the study, multiple physiological sessions are conducted in the anesthetized animal to obtain evoked and spontaneous EMG activity that reflects the reinnervation status of laryngeal muscles. The system is compact, free of infection over the course of the study, and highly durable. This implantable system can provide a reliable platform for research in which long-term recording or nerve stimulation is required in an anesthetized or freely moving animal.&#160;

Presented here is a protocol for the manufacturing of an implantable system for in vivo chronological recording of evoked and spontaneous electromyographic potentials. The system is applied to the investigation of reinnervation of laryngeal muscles following nerve injury. &#160;&#160;

慢性活体电成像的植入系统

Electromyography (EMG) measures the muscle response to electrical stimulation or spontaneous activity of motor units and plays an important role in ...

Implantation and Control of Wireless, Battery-free Systems for Peripheral Nerve Interfacing

Peripheral nerve interfaces are frequently used in experimental neuroscience and regenerative medicine for a wide variety of applications. Such interfaces can be sensors, actuators, or both. Traditional methods of peripheral nerve interfacing must either tether to an external system or rely on battery power that limits the time frame for operation. With recent developments of wireless, battery-free, and fully implantable peripheral nerve interfaces, a new class of devices can offer capabilities that match or exceed those of their wired or battery-powered precursors. This paper describes methods to (i) surgically implant and (ii) wirelessly power and control this system in adult rats. The sciatic and phrenic nerve models were selected as examples to highlight the versatility of this approach. The paper shows how the peripheral nerve interface can evoke compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), deliver a therapeutic electrical stimulation protocol, and incorporate a conduit for the repair of peripheral nerve injury. Such devices offer expanded treatment options for single-dose or repeated dose therapeutic stimulation and can be adapted to a variety of nerve locations.

This is a protocol for the surgical implantation and operation of a wirelessly powered interface for peripheral nerves. We demonstrate the utility of this approach with examples from nerve stimulators placed on either the rat sciatic or phrenic nerve.

用于周围神经接口的无线、无电池系统的植入和控制

Peripheral nerve interfaces are frequently used in experimental neuroscience and regenerative medicine for a wide variety of applications. Such interfaces ...

用于小鼠电生理学的经济高效、多功能探针植入系统

The DREAM Implant: A Lightweight, Modular, and Cost-Effective Implant System for Chronic Electrophysiology in Head-Fixed and Freely Behaving Mice

Chronic electrophysiological recordings in rodents have significantly improved our understanding of neuronal dynamics and their behavioral relevance. However, current methods for chronically implanting probes present steep trade-offs between cost, ease of use, size, adaptability, and long-term stability.
This protocol introduces a novel chronic probe implant system for mice called the DREAM (Dynamic, Recoverable, Economical, Adaptable, and Modular), designed to overcome the trade-offs associated with currently available options. The system provides a lightweight, modular and cost-effective solution with standardized hardware elements that can be combined and implanted in straightforward steps and explanted safely for recovery and multiple reuse of probes, significantly reducing experimental costs.
The DREAM implant system integrates three hardware modules: (1) a microdrive that can carry all standard silicon probes, allowing experimenters to adjust recording depth across a travel distance of up to 7 mm; (2) a three-dimensional (3D)-printable, open-source design for a wearable Faraday cage covered in copper mesh for electrical shielding, impact protection, and connector placement, and (3) a miniaturized head-fixation system for improved animal welfare and ease of use. The corresponding surgery protocol was optimized for speed (total duration: 2 h), probe safety, and animal welfare.
The implants had minimal impact on animals&#39; behavioral repertoire, were easily applicable in freely moving and head-fixed contexts, and delivered clearly identifiable spike waveforms and healthy neuronal responses for weeks of post-implant data collection. Infections and other surgery complications were extremely rare.
As such, the DREAM implant system is a versatile, cost-effective solution for chronic electrophysiology in mice, enhancing animal well-being, and enabling more ethologically sound experiments. Its design simplifies experimental procedures across various research needs, increasing accessibility of chronic electrophysiology in rodents to a wide range of research labs.

作者聚焦:通过虚拟现实和动物电生理学了解自然神经元计算

Here, we introduce a lightweight, cost-effective probe implant system for chronic electrophysiology in rodents optimized for ease of use, probe recovery, experimental versatility, and compatibility with behavior.

DREAM 植入物:一种轻便、模块化且经济高效的植入系统，用于头部固定和行为自由的小鼠的慢性电生理学

Chronic electrophysiological recordings in rodents have significantly improved our understanding of neuronal dynamics and their behavioral relevance. ...