16.7 : 镇静剂和催眠药：苯二氮卓类

Benzodiazepines are a class of sedative and hypnotic drugs that vary in chemical structure and pharmacokinetic properties.

These drugs enhance GABA's inhibitory effects by allosterically binding and promoting its attachment to the pentameric GABA_A receptor in neuronal membranes,  and decreasing neuronal excitability.

They are clinically utilized for managing anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, and inducing and maintaining sleep.

These drugs, however, have potential adverse effects like drowsiness, confusion, and impaired coordination.

Benzodiazepines can also interact with other CNS depressants like alcohol and opioids, enhancing their sedative effects and potentially leading to CNS  depression.

In case of overdose or interaction with CNS depressants, benzodiazepines can cause excessive sedation, respiratory depression, and even coma.

Despite their benefits, benzodiazepines have limited use due to their potential for abuse and physical dependence.

So, newer analogs, known as "Z-drugs," are the preferred choice over benzodiazepines.