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Chapter 11

醚类、环氧化物、硫化物

醚的结构和命名法
醚的结构和命名法
Structure and Bonding Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — ...
醚的物理性质
醚的物理性质
Overview An ether molecule has a net dipole moment due to the polarity of C–O bonds. Subsequently, boiling points of ethers are lower than those of ...
醇类中的醚:醇脱水和 Williamson 醚合成
醇类中的醚:醇脱水和 Williamson 醚合成
Overview Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below, Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration ...
烯烃中的醚:醇添加和烷氧基汞化-脱汞
烯烃中的醚:醇添加和烷氧基汞化-脱汞
Overview Ethers can also be prepared from alkenes through acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols and alkoxymercuration–demercuration. Preparation of ...
醚到烷基卤化物:酸性裂解
醚到烷基卤化物:酸性裂解
Ethers are generally unreactive and unsuitable for direct nucleophilic substitution reactions since the alkoxy groups are strong bases and, therefore, ...
醚自氧化为过氧化物和氢过氧化物
醚自氧化为过氧化物和氢过氧化物
Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when ...
皇冠醚
皇冠醚
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by ...
环氧化物的结构和命名法
环氧化物的结构和命名法
Cyclic ethers are heterocyclic compounds with an oxygen atom in the ring along with carbon atoms. They are named depending on the number of carbon atoms ...
环氧化物的制备
环氧化物的制备
Overview Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin ...
Sharpless 环氧化
Sharpless 环氧化
The conversion of allylic alcohols into epoxides using the chiral catalyst was discovered by K. Barry Sharpless and is known as Sharpless epoxidation. The ...
环氧化物的酸催化开环
环氧化物的酸催化开环
Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the ...
环氧化物的碱催化开环
环氧化物的碱催化开环
Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of ...
硫醇和硫化物的结构和命名法
硫醇和硫化物的结构和命名法
Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are ...
硫醇的制备和反应
硫醇的制备和反应
Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane ...
硫化物的制备和反应
硫化物的制备和反应
Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups ...
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