Chapter 8
Tissues of the Human Body
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الانسجه
Tissues are a group of cells that share a common embryonic origin. Microscopic observation reveals that the cells in a tissue share morphological features ...
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الأنسجة الظهارية ووظائفها
Epithelial tissues are large sheets of cells covering all of the surfaces of the body. These surfaces can be internal or external, for example, skin, ...
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جزيئات التصاق الخلية - أنواعها ووظائفها
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical ...
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نظرة عامة على تقاطعات الخلية الخلوية
The complex three-dimensional arrangement of cells in any multicellular organism is defined and maintained by interactions of cells with each other and ...
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تصنيف الأنسجة الظهارية: نظرة عامة
Epithelial tissues are classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of cell layers formed. Cell shapes can be squamous (flattened and ...
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تصنيف الأنسجة الظهارية: ظهارة بسيطة
Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities and blood vessels. The shape of the cells in the epithelium reflects the ...
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تصنيف الأنسجة الظهارية: الظهارة الطبقية
Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. ...
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تصنيف الأنسجة الظهارية: الظهارة الغدية
The glandular epithelium is made of one or more epithelial cells modified to synthesize and secrete chemical substances. Glandular epithelia can be ...
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الغدد الإفرازات: الغدد أحادية الخلية ومتعددة الخلايا
Exocrine glands are classified as unicellular and multicellular. The unicellular glands are scattered single cells, such as goblet cells, found in the ...
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الغدد الإفرازية: طرق الإفراز
Exocrine glands are those that release their secretions through ducts. Based on their mode of secretion, they can be classified into merocrine, apocrine, ...
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الغدد الإفرازية: أنواع الإفرازات
Exocrine glands produce and release a variety of glandular products. Exocrine glands can be classified into serous, mucous, or mixed types based on their ...
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مقدمة في الأنسجة الضامة
Connective tissues are one of the four main tissue types in humans that are extensively present in the body. They are characterized by cells embedded in ...
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وظائف الأنسجة الضامة
Connective tissues perform a broad range of functions in the body. Their primary function is to connect and link different tissues in the body and act as ...
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تصنيف الأنسجة الضامة
The connective tissues have different properties and functions in the human body. They are broadly categorized into proper, supporting, or fluid ...
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الأنسجة الضامة الجنينية
During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
The mesenchyme is the first ...
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نظرة عامة على الأنسجة الضامة المناسبة
Connective tissue proper is a class of connective tissue that encompasses all mature connective tissues except bone, cartilage, blood, and lymph. This ...
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مصفوفة خارج الخلية
Unlike epithelial tissue, which is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are ...
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ألياف النسيج الضام والمواد الأرضية
One of the significant functions of connective tissue is connecting tissues and organs. Unlike epithelial tissue that is composed of cells closely packed ...
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النسيج الضام الرخو
Loose connective tissue is found between many organs. Its main function is to absorb shock and bind tissues together. It also allows water, salts, and ...
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النسيج الضام الكثيف
Dense connective tissue contains more collagen fibers than loose connective tissue. As a consequence, it displays greater resistance to stretching. There ...
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طبقات من النسيج الضام السليم
Fascia, a thin layer of fibrous connective tissue, is distributed throughout the body. It demarcates and forms a supportive covering over skeletal ...
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العظام كنسيج ضام داعم
Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective ...
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أغشية الأنسجة
A tissue membrane is a thin layer of cells that covers the outside of the body, the organs, internal passageways that lead to the exterior of the body, ...
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الأنسجة الضامة السائلة: الدم والليمفاوية
Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. They contain cells, also known as formed elements, circulating in a liquid extracellular matrix, the plasma. ...
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إصابة الأنسجة: الالتهاب والإصلاح
Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among ...
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تأثير الشيخوخة على الأنسجة
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and ...
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