Agradecemos aos participantes do estudo Miami WIHS para a sua vontade de participar neste trabalho. Os dados apresentados nesta manuscrito foram recolhidos por Interagency HIV Study das Mulheres Miami (WIHS). O conteúdo desta publicação é da exclusiva responsabilidade dos autores e não representam a posição oficial do National Institutes of Health (NIH). Este trabalho foi apoiado pelo Instituto Nacional de Alergia e Doenças Infecciosas e das mulheres Infecção Estudo Interagency HIV (WIHS) [subvenção número U01 AI103397], Instituto Nacional de Alergia e Doenças Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Saúde [número de concessão P30AI073961], Centro Nacional para a Promoção Ciências translacionais e do Instituto Nacional sobre Minority Saúde e Saúde disparidades, Instituto Nacional de Saúde [número de concessão UL1TR000460 e 1KL2TR000461], e do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Infantil e Desenvolvimento Humano, Instituto Nacional de Saúde [número de concessão K23HD074489].

atividades de estudo teve lugar na Universidade de Miami Unidade de Pesquisa de HIV em colaboração com Estudo das Mulheres Miami HIV Interagency (WIHS) e do Centro Miami for AIDS Research (CFAR) .Institutional Review Board (Universidade de Miami Miller School of Medicine) aprovação foi obtida antes ao recrutamento e quaisquer procedimentos de avaliação ou de estudos relacionados. Coleta de Amostras 1. Endocervical Escova NOTA: Os participantes foram submetidos a um exame vaginal realizado por MD treinados ou ginecologista e recolha de linfócitos intra-epiteliais foram realizadas em exame especular, inserindo cytobrush. <ol><li> As características dos participantes <ol><li> Recrutar mulheres participantes que estão com idade de 18 a 45 anos de idade, sexualmente ativa, não está grávida e não em medicamentos contraceptivos ou com um dispositivo intra-uterino. </li><li> Antes do exame vaginal, têm participantes passam por um empate de 10 mL de sangue em verdeVACUTAINERS heparina superior para o isolamento periférico de células mononucleares do sangue (PBMC). para servir como um controle para análise intra-epitelial endocervical 9. </li></ol></li><li> Coleta das amostras endocervicais <ol><li> Inserir um espéculo estéril de tamanho apropriado na vagina sem lubrificação. Usar uma água quente para facilitar a inserção do espéculo e gaze estéril para limpar o muco. A posição do espéculo permite a visualização completa do sistema operacional e ectocérvice. </li><li> Insira escova endocervical no canal endocervical até que apenas as cerdas mais próxima da mão são visíveis. Girar a escova para 360 °. Transferir a escova para um tubo de 15 ml contendo 5 ml de meio IMDM. </li><li> Imediatamente após a coleta, colocar o tubo contendo cytobrush no gelo. Para obter uma alta viabilidade das células intra-epitelial recolhidos, entregar o cytobrush para o laboratório e processo dentro de 1 h. </li></ol></li></ol><ol><li> tubo de vórtice contendo cytobrush endocervical aplicando 4 cursos de curta duração (10 seg). </li><li> Centrifuga-se o tubo, contendo cytobrush, durante 10 min a 250 x g. </li><li> Cuidadosamente remover o cytobrush a partir do tubo (não perturbar o sedimento no fundo do tubo) e adicionar 1 mL de meio IMDM e colocar o tubo em gelo. </li><li> Colocar o cytobrush no filtro de células 100 milímetros na parte superior do tubo de 50 ml. </li><li> Lave o cytobrush com 20 ml de IMDM. </li><li> tubo de centrifugação durante 10 min a 250 x g. </li><li> Decantar o sobrenadante e ressuspender as células peletizadas em 1 ml de IMDM e combinam-se com o sedimento ressuspenso já descrito em 2.3. </li><li> Contar as células utilizando um contador de células automatizado 10 ou contar as células utilizando um hemocitómetro, combinando 10 ul da suspensão celular com 10 ul de corante azul de tripano. Suavemente pipeta cima e para baixo dez vezes para misturar as células e corante. Carga de 10 ulda mistura para dentro da abertura de uma das duas câmaras de hemocitómetro. Contar todas as células nas cinco áreas de grade. Manter uma contagem separada de as células viáveis ​​e não viáveis. Determinar a viabilidade celular usando a seguinte fórmula:% de células viáveis ​​= células não viáveis ​​x 100 células / total de número de células. Determinar a concentração de células por ml subsequente (e o número total de células) utilizando os seguintes cálculos. Total de células por ml = x total de células contadas (fator de diluição / número de quadrados contados) x 10.000 células / ml. </li><li> Congelar as células endocervicais isolados utilizando meio de congelamento contendo 10% de DMSO e 90% de FBS. </li></ol> 3. Citometria de Fluxo <ol><li> Re-suspender a 1-3 x 10 5 células endocervicais em 100 ul de tampão de FACS (PBS contendo 1% de albumina de soro bovino </li><li> Adicionar 1 mL / 10 6 Live / Dead fixável kit celular mancha amarela inoperante e anticorpos para marcadores de superfície nas concentrações descritas na Tabela 1. </li><li> Incubam-se as células durante 30 min a 4 ° C, protegidos da luz. </li><li> Adicionar 1 mL de tampão de FACS e as células e tubos de centrifugação durante 5 min a 350 xg </li><li> Re-suspender a pelete de células em 300 uL de paraformaldeído a 1%. </li><li> Preparar controlos de compensação usando grânulos e anticorpos utilizados para a coloração por adição de 100 uL de tampão de SCAF e uma gota de os grânulos e a mesma concentração dos anticorpos utilizados para a coloração da amostra. </li><li> Adquirir pérolas coradas e as amostras num citómetro de fluxo, equipado com 405 nm, 488 nm e 635 nm lasers. </li></ol> 4. Endocervical Gamma delta T Isolamento celular <ol><li> Isolamento esférulas magnéticas <ol><li> Re-suspender a pelete de células endocervicais (≤ 10 7 células totais), descrito em 2.6, em 40 mL de tampão incluídos no kit micropérola gama delta TCR referenciado na Tabela de Materiais e Reagentes. </li><li> Siga as instruções do kit para protocolo de coloração de duas etapas: primeiro, sagacidadeh anti TCR-delta gamma de hapteno-anticorpo e, segundo, com anti-hapteno microbeads-FITC </li><li> Após a incubação de 15 min a 4-8 ° C, lavar as células por adição de 1 ml de tampão e centrifugar a 300 xg durante 10 min. Decantar o sobrenadante por inversão do tubo, e toque em seco com a ajuda de um pedaço de papel. </li><li> Re-suspender o sedimento celular em 500 uL de tampão fornecido e preparar a coluna magnética, colocando-o num separador magnético apropriado de acordo com o protocolo do fornecedor. </li><li> Aplicar a suspensão de células na coluna e recolher células não marcadas que passam através da coluna e lavar 3x com a quantidade apropriada de tampão (500 uL). Executar passos de lavagem através da adição de tampão três vezes, cada vez que uma vez que o reservatório está vazio da coluna. Recolha efluente total. Esta é a fracção de células não marcado, negativo </li><li> Retirar a coluna do separador magnético formar e pipeta de 1 ml de tampão para a coluna e imediatamente expulsar fracção com o rótulo magneticamenteed células, aplicando firmemente o êmbolo fornecidas com a coluna. NOTA: célula isolada T gama delta já estão fluorescente corada para análise de citometria de fluxo desde marcadas magneticamente microesferas anti-hapteno são conjugados com FITC corante fluorescente. </li></ol></li><li> separação de células <ol><li> Para separação de células, as células endocervicais de etiquetas com die viabilidade e painel de anticorpos, como descrito na seção 3. </li><li> Configurar portões eletrônicos na ao vivo, CD45 + CD3 + e delta gamma células positivas e executar separação de células. </li></ol></li></ol>

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Autores não têm associação comercial ou outra, que podem representar um conflito de interesses (por exemplo, a propriedade de ações farmacêutica, consultoria, a adesão Advisory Board, patentes relevantes, ou o financiamento da investigação).

Avaliação da vulnerabilidade das mucosas do tracto genital inferior feminino é um componente essencial de estudos clínicos que abordam risco de aquisição e transmissão do HIV. Tipicamente FGT vulnerabilidade à infecção do HIV é avaliada através da medição moduladores imunitários solúveis em secreções genitais (citocinas, quimiocinas e péptidos antimicrobianos) 12, 13. No entanto, estes biomarcadores são apenas indicativos da inflamação vagi...

Nós desenvolvemos metodologia de utilização de amostras escova endocervical para avaliar células GD T intra-epitelial. O canal endocervical é recoberto por uma camada única de epitélio colunar. Linfócitos intra-epiteliais representam linfócitos linha de frente que residem na camada epitelial que podem iniciar rapidamente as respostas imunes ao encontrar micróbios patogênicos 7, 8. Compreender os eventos imunológicos do compartimento intra-epitelial endocervical é importante para a concepção de estratégias eficazes para prevenir infecções, incluindo o HIV. O nosso método pode ser aplicado a amostras endocervicais humanos recentemente recolhidos, bem como células endocervicais congelados para explorar ainda mais o papel das células T intra-epiteliais GD em mulheres com infecção por VIH ou em risco de infecção pelo HIV. O principal objectivo deste protocolo é descobrir novos eventos imunológicos no compartimento intra-epitelial endocervical e Avaliado comrespostas de células e GD T como um marcador de vulnerabilidade da mucosa em mulheres com infecção pelo HIV. As lacunas substanciais no conhecimento em torno imunidade FGT são parcialmente devido à dificuldade na recolha e processamento de amostras de mucosa com sucesso. Além disso, o complexo de heterogeneidade das células imunes das mucosas, e a sua interligação uns com os outros, são os principais desafios para a identificação de medições clinicamente relevantes que reflectem o estado e a capacidade do sistema imunitário. Nós desenvolvemos um método para obter células T GD intra-epitelial altamente purificados que podem ser analisados ​​usando tecnologias altamente multiplexados, de uma única célula que pode ser fundamental para identificar os mecanismos subjacentes da imunidade FRT.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="648">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Cytobrush Plus GT&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">(CareFusion, San Diego, CA, USA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">IMDM,Iscove&#39;s Modified Dulbecco&#39;s Medium&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">12440061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Beckman Coulter automated cell counter (The Vi-CELL Series Cell Viability Analyzer</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">496178</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D2650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">FBS, Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Invitrogen, Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">26140-079</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PBS</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Invitrogen, Gibco</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">10010023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">BSA</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A-9647</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">LIVE/DEAD Fixable Yellow Dead Cell Stain kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Life Technologies,</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">L349S9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">1% paraformaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Sigma Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D6148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fortessa flow cytometer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Becton Dickinson</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">UltraComp eBeads</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">01-2222-42</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:216px;">ArC Amine Reactive Compensation Beads (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA)</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A10346</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">anti-TCR gamma/delta MicroBead Kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Milteny Miltenyi Biotec Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">130-050-701</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">MS column</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;">103-042-201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">MACS separator</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">4124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and flow cytometric analysis of human endocervical gamma delta t cells

O trato reprodutivo (FRT) da mucosa sistema imunológico feminino serve como a primeira linha de defesa. Melhor conhecimento da mucosa genital é, portanto, essencial para a compreensão da patogenicidade de diferentes patógenos, incluindo o HIV. Gama células delta (GD) T são o protótipo de células T &#39;não convencionais&#39; e representam um subconjunto relativamente pequeno de células T definidos pela sua expressão de receptores de células T heterodiméricos (TCRs) compostas de cadeias gama e delta. Isso os diferencia das células T clássicos e muito melhor conhecidos CD4 + auxiliares e células CD8 + T citotóxicos que são definidos por TCRs alfa-beta. GD células T muitas vezes mostram a localização específica do tecido e são enriquecidos em epitélio. GD células T orquestrar respostas imunes em inflamação, vigilância de tumores, doenças infecciosas e auto-imunidade. Aqui, apresentamos um método para isolar reprodutível e analisar linfócitos intra-epiteliais endocervicais humanos GD T. que have amostras cytobrush endocervicais usados ​​mulheres participantes Infecção Estudo Interagency HIV das Mulheres (WIHS). Conhecimento sobre GD células T interações durante as condições em que não é um insulto à mucosa vaginal poderia ser aplicada a qualquer estudo clínico em que a vulnerabilidade das mucosas são os destinatários, incluindo o desenvolvimento de adição microbicides.In vaginal, o conhecimento sobre as respostas das células da mucosa GD T tem potencial para aplicação de terapia imunitária baseada em células T GD no tratamento de doenças infecciosas.

Recentemente, analisamos células GD T intraepiteliais endocervicais e fomos o primeiro a relatar sobre a perda de células T gama delta endocervical em mulheres infectadas pelo HIV 9, 11. Aqui, descrevemos o protocolo para isolar e analisar o subconjunto de células T gama delta endocervical. Como mostrado na Figura 1, as células T GD pode ser facilmente detectado em amostras de células endocervicais humanos. ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells at JoVE.com

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

Isolamento e Citometria de Fluxo Analysis of Human Endocervical Gama Cells Delta T

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

isolation-flow-cytometric-analysis-human-endocervical-gamma-delta-t

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

8.7K visualizações.  Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami. We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

Vídeo: Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

Human T Lymphocyte Isolation, Culture and Analysis of Migration In Vitro

The migration of T lymphocytes involves the adhesive interaction of cell surface integrins with ligands expressed on other cells or with extracellular matrix proteins. The precise spatiotemporal activation of integrins from a low affinity state to a high affinity state at the cell leading edge is important for T lymphocyte migration 1. Likewise, retraction of the cell trailing edge, or uropod, is a necessary step in maintaining persistent integrin-dependent T lymphocyte motility 2. Many therapeutic approaches to autoimmune or inflammatory diseases target integrins as a means to inhibit the excessive recruitment and migration of leukocytes 3. To study the molecular events that regulate human T lymphocyte migration, we have utilized an in vitro system to analyze cell migration on a two-dimensional substrate that mimics the environment that a T lymphocyte encounters during recruitment from the vasculature. T lymphocytes are first isolated from human donors and are then stimulated and cultured for seven to ten days. During the assay, T lymphocytes are allowed to adhere and migrate on a substrate coated with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a ligand for integrin LFA-1, and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). Our data show that T lymphocytes exhibit a migratory velocity of ~15 &mu;m/min. T lymphocyte migration can be inhibited by integrin blockade 1 or by inhibitors of the cellular actomyosin machinery that regulates cell migration 2.

Human T Lymphocyte Isolation, Culture and Analysis of Migration In Vitro

T lymphocyte migration occurs during homing to lymphoid organs, exit from the vasculature, and entering into peripheral tissues. Here, we describe a protocol that can be used to analyze T lymphocyte migration in vitro.

Isolamento T de linfócitos humanos, Cultura e Análise da Migração In Vitro</em

The migration of T lymphocytes involves the adhesive interaction of cell surface integrins with ligands expressed on other cells or with extracellular ...

Imunologia e Infecção

Flow Cytometric Isolation of Primary Murine Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells for Functional and Molecular Studies

Throughout the last years, the contribution of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII) to various aspects of immune regulation in the lung has been increasingly recognized. AECII have been shown to participate in cytokine production in inflamed airways and to even act as antigen-presenting cells in both infection and T-cell mediated autoimmunity 1-8. Therefore, they are especially interesting also in clinical contexts such as airway hyper-reactivity to foreign and self-antigens as well as infections that directly or indirectly target AECII. However, our understanding of the detailed immunologic functions served by alveolar type II epithelial cells in the healthy lung as well as in inflammation remains fragmentary. Many studies regarding AECII function are performed using mouse or human alveolar epithelial cell lines 9-12. Working with cell lines certainly offers a range of benefits, such as the availability of large numbers of cells for extensive analyses. However, we believe the use of primary murine AECII allows a better understanding of the role of this cell type in complex processes like infection or autoimmune inflammation. Primary murine AECII can be isolated directly from animals suffering from such respiratory conditions, meaning they have been subject to all additional extrinsic factors playing a role in the analyzed setting. As an example, viable AECII can be isolated from mice intranasally infected with influenza A virus, which primarily targets these cells for replication 13. Importantly, through ex vivo infection of AECII isolated from healthy mice, studies of the cellular responses mounted upon infection can be further extended.
Our protocol for the isolation of primary murine AECII is based on enzymatic digestion of the mouse lung followed by labeling of the resulting cell suspension with antibodies specific for CD11c, CD11b, F4/80, CD19, CD45 and CD16/CD32. Granular AECII are then identified as the unlabeled and sideward scatter high (SSChigh) cell population and are separated by fluorescence activated cell sorting 3.
In comparison to alternative methods of isolating primary epithelial cells from mouse lungs, our protocol for flow cytometric isolation of AECII by negative selection yields untouched, highly viable and pure AECII in relatively short time. Additionally, and in contrast to conventional methods of isolation by panning and depletion of lymphocytes via binding of antibody-coupled magnetic beads 14, 15, flow cytometric cell-sorting allows discrimination by means of cell size and granularity. Given that instrumentation for flow cytometric cell sorting is available, the described procedure can be applied at relatively low costs. Next to standard antibodies and enzymes for lung disintegration, no additional reagents such as magnetic beads are required. The isolated cells are suitable for a wide range of functional and molecular studies, which include in vitro culture and T-cell stimulation assays as well as transcriptome, proteome or secretome analyses 3, 4.

We describe the rapid isolation of primary murine type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) by flow cytometric negative selection. These AECII show high viability and purity and are suitable for a wide range of functional and molecular studies regarding their role in respiratory conditions such as autoimmune or infectious diseases.

Isolamento de citometria de fluxo de células primárias Murino Tipo II epiteliais alveolares de Estudos funcionais e Molecular

Throughout  the last years, the contribution of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII)  to various aspects of immune regulation in the lung has been ...

Whole-animal Imaging and Flow Cytometric Techniques for Analysis of Antigen-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses after Nanoparticle Vaccination

Traditional vaccine adjuvants, such as alum, elicit suboptimal CD8+ T cell responses. To address this major challenge in vaccine development, various nanoparticle systems have been engineered to mimic features of pathogens to improve antigen delivery to draining lymph nodes and increase antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells, leading to new vaccine formulations optimized for induction of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. In this article, we describe the synthesis of a &#8220;pathogen-mimicking&#8221; nanoparticle system, termed interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles (ICMVs) that can serve as an effective vaccine carrier for co-delivery of subunit antigens and immunostimulatory agents and elicitation of potent cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. We describe methods for characterizing hydrodynamic size and surface charge of vaccine nanoparticles with dynamic light scattering and zeta potential analyzer and present a confocal microscopy-based procedure to analyze nanoparticle-mediated antigen delivery to draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, we show a new bioluminescence whole-animal imaging technique utilizing adoptive transfer of luciferase-expressing, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells into recipient mice, followed by nanoparticle vaccination, which permits non-invasive interrogation of expansion and trafficking patterns of CTLs in real time. We also describe tetramer staining and flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for longitudinal quantification of endogenous T cell responses in mice vaccinated with nanoparticles.

We describe whole-animal imaging and flow cytometry-based techniques for monitoring expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in response to immunization with nanoparticles in a murine model of vaccination.

Imaginologia todo animal e técnicas de citometria de fluxo para CD8 + respostas de células T Análise do antigénio específico da Nanoparticle após vacinação

Traditional vaccine adjuvants, such as alum, elicit suboptimal CD8+ T cell responses. To address this major challenge in vaccine development, various ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident cells. A key mechanism of this inflammatory response is the migration of circulating immune cells to the ischemic brain facilitated by chemokine release and increased endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Brain-invading leukocytes are well-known contributing to early-stage secondary ischemic injury, but their significance for the termination of inflammation and later brain repair has only recently been noticed.
Here, a simple protocol for the efficient isolation of immune cells from the ischemic mouse brain is provided. After transcardial perfusion, brain hemispheres are dissected and mechanically dissociated. Enzymatic digestion with Liberase&#160;is followed by density gradient (such as Percoll) centrifugation to remove myelin and cell debris. One major advantage of this protocol is the single-layer density gradient procedure which does not require time-consuming preparation of gradients and can be reliably performed. The approach yields highly reproducible cell counts per brain hemisphere and allows for measuring several flow cytometry panels in one biological replicate. Phenotypic characterization and quantification of brain-invading leukocytes after experimental stroke may contribute to a better understanding of their multifaceted roles in ischemic injury and repair.

Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that it acts as a double-edged sword which exacerbates early brain injury, but also contributes to later repair. This protocol describes the isolation of immune cells from the ischemic brain and their subsequent flow cytometric phenotyping.

Isolamento e análise de citometria de fluxo de células imunes do cérebro isquêmico Rato

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 malignant gliomas soon after intracranial engraftment if the cancer cells are rendered deficient in their expression of the &#946;-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-1 (gal-1). More recent work now shows that a population of Gr-1+/CD11b+ myeloid cells is critical to this effect. To better understand the mechanisms by which NK and myeloid cells cooperate to confer gal-1-deficient tumor rejection we have developed a comprehensive protocol for the isolation and analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The method is demonstrated here by comparing PBMC infiltration into the tumor microenvironment of gal-1-expressing GL26 gliomas with those rendered gal-1-deficient via shRNA knockdown. The protocol begins with a description of&#160;how to culture and prepare GL26 cells for inoculation into the syngeneic C57BL/6J mouse brain. It then explains the steps involved in the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs from the early brain tumor microenvironment. The method is adaptable to a number of in vivo experimental designs in which temporal data on immune infiltration into the brain is required. The method is sensitive and highly reproducible, as glioma-infiltrating PBMCs can be isolated from intracranial tumors as soon as 24 hr post-tumor engraftment with similar cell counts observed from time point matched tumors throughout independent experiments. A single experimentalist can perform the method from brain harvesting to flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating PBMCs in roughly 4-6 hr depending on the number of samples to be analyzed. Alternative glioma models and/or cell-specific detection antibodies may also be used at the experimentalists&#8217; discretion to assess the infiltration of several other immune cell types of interest without the need for alterations to the overall procedure.

Presented here is a straightforward method for the isolation and flow cytometric analysis of glioma-infiltrating peripheral blood mononuclear cells that yields time-dependent quantitative data on the number and activation status of immune cells entering the early brain tumor microenvironment.

Isolamento e Análise de Citometria de Fluxo infiltrantes Glioma Células Mononucleares do Sangue Periférico

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Characterization of Murine Small Intestinal Lymphocytes

The intestines &#8212; which contain the largest number of immune cells of any organ in the body &#8212; are constantly exposed to foreign antigens, both microbial and dietary. Given an increasing understanding that these luminal antigens help shape the immune response and that education of immune cells within the intestine is critical for a number of systemic diseases, there has been increased interest in characterizing the intestinal immune system. However, many published protocols are arduous and time-consuming. We present here a simplified protocol for the isolation of lymphocytes from the small-intestinal lamina propria, intraepithelial layer, and Peyer&#39;s patches that is rapid, reproducible, and does not require laborious Percoll gradients. Although the protocol focuses on the small intestine, it is also suitable for analysis of the colon. Moreover, we highlight some aspects that may need additional optimization depending on the specific scientific question. This approach results in the isolation of large numbers of viable lymphocytes that can subsequently be used for flow cytometric analysis or alternate means of characterization.

There is growing interest in the quantitative characterization of intestinal lymphocytes owing to increasing recognition that these cells play a critical role in a variety of intestinal and systemic diseases. In this protocol, we describe how to isolate single cell populations from different small-intestinal compartments for subsequent flow cytometric characterization.

Isolamento e Caracterização de citometria de fluxo de linfócitos de murino Intestino Delgado

The intestines &#8212; which contain the largest number of immune cells of any organ in the body &#8212; are constantly exposed to foreign antigens, both ...

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10

Flow cytometry is a method widely used to quantify suspended solids such as cells or bacteria in a size range from 0.5 to several tens of micrometers in diameter. In addition to a characterization of forward and sideward scatter properties, it enables the use of fluorescent labeled markers like antibodies to detect respective structures. Using indirect antibody staining, flow cytometry is employed here to quantify birch pollen allergen (precisely Bet v 1)-loaded particles of 0.5 to 10 &#181;m in diameter in inhalable particulate matter (PM10, particle size &#8804;10 &#181;m in diameter). PM10 particles may act as carriers of adsorbed allergens possibly transporting them to the lower respiratory tract, where they could trigger allergic reactions.
So far the allergen content of PM10 has been studied by means of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and scanning electron microscopy. ELISA measures the dissolved and not the particle-bound allergen. Compared to scanning electron microscopy, which can visualize allergen-loaded particles, flow cytometry may additionally quantify them. As allergen content of ambient air can deviate from birch pollen count, allergic symptoms might perhaps correlate better with allergen exposure than with pollen count. In conjunction with clinical data, the presented method offers the opportunity to test in future experiments whether allergic reactions to birch pollen antigens are associated with the Bet v 1 allergen content of PM10 particles &#62;0.5 &#181;m.

Here, we present a protocol to quantify allergen-loaded particles by flow cytometry. Ambient particulate matter particles may act as carriers of adsorbed allergens. We show here that flow cytometry, a method widely used to characterize suspended solids &#62;0.5 &#181;m in diameter, can be used to measure these allergen-loaded particles.

Citometria de fluxo de partículas ligadas aos Bet v 1 alérgeno no PM10

Flow cytometry is a method widely used to quantify suspended solids such as cells or bacteria in a size range from 0.5 to several tens of micrometers in ...

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Natural Killer Cell Lytic Activity in Human Whole Blood

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and reproducibility of this assay can be considered unstable, either because of user&#39;s errors or because of the sensitivity of NK cells to experimental manipulation. To eliminate these issues, a workflow that reduces them to a minimum was established and is presented here. To illustrate, we obtained blood samples, at various time points, from runners (n = 4) that were submitted to an intense bout of exercise. First, NK cells are simultaneously identified and isolated through CD56 tagging and magnetic-based sorting, directly from whole blood and from as little as one milliliter. The sorted NK cells are removed of any reagent or capping antibodies. They can be counted in order to establish an accurate NK cell count per milliliter of blood. Secondly, the sorted NK cells (effectors cells or E) can be mixed with 3,3&#39;-Diotadecyloxacarbocyanine Perchlorate (DiO) tagged K562 cells (target cells or T) at an assay-optimal 1:5 T:E ratio, and analyzed using an imaging flow-cytometer that allows for the visualization of each event and the elimination of any false positive or false negatives (such as doublets or effector cells). This workflow can be completed in about 4 h, and allows for very stable results even when working with human samples. When available, research teams can test several experimental interventions in human subjects, and compare measurements across several time points without compromising the data&#39;s integrity.

This work describes an advanced workflow for the accurate and fast determination of NK (Natural Killer) cell count and NK cell cytotoxicity in human blood samples.

Citometria de fluxo e assassinas naturais celular Lytic Actividade em sangue total humano

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and ...

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and their important role in lung development and function, as well as their lung-localized responses to infection and inflammation. To date, no unified method for identification, isolation, and handling of alveolar macrophages from humans and mice exists. Such a method is needed for studies on these important innate immune cells in various experimental settings. The method described here, which can be easily adopted by any laboratory, is a simplified approach to harvesting alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or from lung tissue and maintaining them in vitro. Because alveolar macrophages primarily occur as adherent cells in the alveoli, the focus of this method is on dislodging them prior to harvest and identification. The lung is a highly vascularized organ, and various cell types of myeloid and lymphoid origin inhabit, interact, and are influenced by the lung microenvironment. By using the set of surface markers described here, researchers can easily and unambiguously distinguish alveolar macrophages from other leukocytes, and purify them for downstream applications. The culture method developed herein supports both human and mouse alveolar macrophages for in vitro growth, and is compatible with cellular and molecular studies.

Isolation and In Vitro Culture of Murine and Human Alveolar Macrophages

This communication describes methodologies for isolation and culture of alveolar macrophages from humans and murine models for experimental purposes.

Isolamento e cultura In Vitro de macrófagos alveolares murino e humanos

Alveolar macrophages are terminally differentiated, lung-resident macrophages of prenatal origin. Alveolar macrophages are unique in their long life and ...

Digestion of the Murine Liver for a Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the lymph nodes where cellular debris and antigens can be surveyed. We are very interested in understanding how the lymphatic vasculature might be involved in inflammation and immune cell function within the liver. However, very little has been published establishing digestion protocols for the isolation of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from the liver or specific markers that can be used to evaluate liver LECs on a per cell basis. Therefore, we optimized a method for the digestion and staining of the liver in order to evaluate the LEC population in the liver. We are confident that the method outlined here will be useful for the identification and isolation of LECs from the liver and will strengthen our understanding of how LECs respond to the liver microenvironment.

The goal of this protocol is to identify lymphatic endothelial cell populations within the liver using described markers. We utilize collagenase IV and DNase and a gentle mincing of tissue, combined with flow cytometry, to identify a distinct population of lymphatic endothelial cells.

Digestão do fígado murino para um fluxo Cytometric análise de células endoteliais linfáticas

Within the liver, lymphatic vessels are found within the portal triad, and their described function is to remove interstitial fluid from the liver to the ...