Name: a preliminary study on warm acupuncture and moxibustion for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with abdominal distension
Uploaded: 2023-09-01T14:35:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 19 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Effective Traditional Chinese Medicinal Treatment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Abdominal Distension at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the 2022 &#34;Tianfu Qingcheng Plan&#34; Tianfu Science and Technology Leading Talents Project (Chuan Qingcheng No. 1090), the National TCM Clinical Excellent Talents Training Program (National TCM Renjiao Letter [2022] No. 1), &#34;100 Talent Plan&#34; Project of Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Hospital office [2021] 42), Special subject of scientific research of Sichuan Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2021MS093, 2021MS539, 2023MS608).

The clinical study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Clinical Research Approval Committee of the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Record No. KY 2022010).
1. Equipment preparation
<ol>
	<li>Prepare disposable sterile acupuncture needles (size 0.25 mm x 40 mm), moxa sticks (size 1.2 cm x 1.2 cm), medical sterilization swabs, iodophor swabs, lighter, and several 60 mm x 60 mm cardboards (see Figure 1).</li>
</ol>
2. Doctor preparation
<ol>
	<li>Ensure that patients meet the diagnostic criteria for COPD in the Primary Care Guidelines for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and have abdominal distension.</li>
	<li>Exclude patients with the following conditions:(1) those with skin ulceration, poor glycemic control, poor blood pressure control, and dizziness; (2) those with silicosis, tuberculosis, malignant tumors, asthma, coagulation disorders, and severe cardiac insufficiency; (3) those with rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, renal failure, liver failure, and so on; (4) those with poor compliance.</li>
	<li>Wear a medical mask and hat.</li>
	<li>Wash the hands with soapy water, leave them dry, and use alcohol hand sanitizer before holding the needle to operate.</li>
</ol>
3. Patient preparation
<ol>
	<li>Ask the patient to empty the bladder.</li>
	<li>Measure the patient&#39;s blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation.</li>
	<li>Make sure the skin is not damaged and festering.</li>
	<li>After the above basic signs are normal, instruct the patient to choose the supine or prone position to expose the acupuncture points.</li>
	<li>Advise the patient to inform the physician in case of discomfort during the procedure.</li>
</ol>
4. Acupoints selection
<ol>
	<li>Wipe the skin of the sites to be needled with Iodophor swabs.</li>
	<li>According to the standardized acupuncture points, choose Feishu (BL13), Taiyuan (LU9), Dingchuan (EX-B1), Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (RN12), Tianshu (ST25)24,25,26 (see Figure 2).</li>
</ol>
5. Acupuncture and needling manipulation
<ol>
	<li>Stretch out flat the five fingers of the left hand, and place apart the index and middle fingers at the place of stabbing.</li>
	<li>Hold the needle handle by the thumb and index finger of the right hand, the end of the middle finger is close to the point, and the finger belly is against the needle body.</li>
	<li>Press downward the thumb and index finger while the middle finger is flexed and insert the needle into the international standardized acupuncture angles and depths.</li>
	<li>Uniformly lift and thrust the needle handle along the acupuncture angle, the depth is about 3 mm, and the frequency is about 60 times/min27.</li>
	<li>Rotate the needle handle forward and backward at an angle of 180 degrees or less; the frequency is about 60 times/min until the patient feels De-qi27.</li>
</ol>
6. Place moxa sticks
<ol>
	<li>Lit the moxa sticks from the bottom 2-3 cm from the skin28 so that the patient has a warm sensation and redness on the body surface. Treatment takes about 30 min.</li>
</ol>
7. Place cardboards
<ol>
	<li>Place the 60 mm x 60 mm cardboard under the moxa sticks to prevent the ash from burning the skin until the moxa sticks burn out (see Figure 3).</li>
</ol>
8. Picking the needles
<ol>
	<li>Gently pick up the burned-out moxa sticks with the end of the bamboo swab.</li>
	<li>Gently apply pressure to the needle sites with medical sterilization swabs in the hand.</li>
	<li>Do a small twist with the needles and slowly lift them to the subcutaneous, leave them for a moment, and then remove them.</li>
	<li>After the needles come out, use medical sterilization swabs to lightly press the needle holes for a moment to prevent bleeding and reduce pain.</li>
	<li>After the needles are withdrawn, carefully check whether the needle holes are bleeding, ask the patient whether there is any discomfort, and check whether the number of needles is missing.</li>
</ol>

Warm Acupuncture and Moxibustion to Relieve COPD with Abdominal Distension

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The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

It is well known that the pathogenesis of abdominal distension caused by COPD is not fully understood, which hinders the development of new therapies and drugs. In recent years, warm acupuncture and moxibustion have been widely applied to COPD combined with abdominal distention.The therapeutic mechanism of warm acupuncture and moxibustion is mainly the effect of acupuncture, the moxibustion warming effect, and the heat-conducting effect of the needle body31. Moxibustion focuses on the local warming of acupuncture points. It activates local specific receptors, heat shock proteins, heat-sensitive immune cells, etc., which exerts the local effect of warming the meridians and opening the collaterals32. Modern Chinese medicine believes that acupuncture and moxibustion of the RN12, ST25, and ST36 can exert cellular protection of the gastric mucosa33. Warm acupuncture and moxibustion can effectively improve COPD combined with abdominal distention25, which makes it stand out from the improvement of abdominal distension caused by COPD.
Here are some points to note during the operation of warm acupuncture and moxibustion. The treatment room should be regularly disinfected to ensure good air exchange devices. The mattress, pillowcase, blanket, mat, and other items on the treatment table should be changed and dried on time34. The following preparatory exercises can be performed before the operation to achieve the desired therapeutic effect: (1) finger strength exercises; (2) manipulation exercises; (3) handedness exercises35. When manipulating the needle, one should not twirl the needle in one direction to avoid the needle body being entangled by the muscle fibers, causing local pain or sticking of the needle and making it difficult to remove. Meanwhile, here are some needling abnormalities that need to be addressed and prevented; the common ones are as follows: (1) fainting during acupuncture; (2) sticking of the needle; (3) hematoma of the skin; (4) piercing other internal organs36. Besides, the De-qi is a reaction such as heat, coolness, itching, pain, and convulsions. Sometimes there are phenomena such as conduction and diffusion along certain directions and sites. Besides, the doctor's pricking hand can experience reactions such as sinking and tightness under the needle, astringency, or trembling of the needle's body as appropriate37.
In addition to the precautions for acupuncture, moxibustion also has some precautions. For patients with perceptual impairment, the physician can place the middle and index fingers on the body surface of the patient on either side of the filiform needle to sense the heat on the patient's body surface. In general, moxibustion should be applied with caution to patients with an empty stomach, too full, extreme fatigue, and fear of moxibustion38. The process of moxibustion should prevent the burning moxa from falling off and burning the skin and clothing.
Warm acupuncture and moxibustion are safe for patients, easy and quick to operate, highly reproducible, and easy to apply once the operator is familiar with the technique. However, we acknowledge that the experiment has limitations, such as (1) labor-intensive: when warm acupuncture and moxibustion are performed, a person must watch over the moxa sticks in order to replace them in time when they burn out and to prevent the moxa fire from dislodging and burning the patient39; (2) small sample size: the study mainly demonstrated the standardized operation of warm acupuncture and moxibustion to relieve COPD with abdominal distension, so the results are representative of the small sample size; (3) limitations of therapeutic effects: warm acupuncture and moxibustion can only relieve abdominal distension caused by COPD, if one wants to cure the symptoms, it is necessary to actively treat the original disease. 
It is believed that with the revolution of science and technology, warm acupuncture and moxibustion will be fully revealed their mechanism of action and method of operation, bringing a bright future for the treatment of abdominal distension caused by COPD in ethnomedicine.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic consumptive disease of the respiratory system. Patients with COPD mainly manifest in chronic cough and sputum, with the progressive development of the disease and gradual decline in lung function. The disease may be complicated by chronic pulmonary cardiac disease, respiratory failure, and heart failure in the later stages of the disease, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. It is reported that alterations in gut microbiota are associated with disease progression in COPD1. In addition to pulmonary symptoms, 40.31% of patients with stable COPD reported abdominal distention. Abdominal distension can have a significant impact on worsening pulmonary symptoms, increasing the frequency of acute exacerbations of COPD, and impairing the quality of life of patients with stable COPD2,3. The causes of abdominal distension in COPD are considered to be multifactorial which may include as follows: (1) dysbiosis of bacteria; (2) ascites, which increases intra-abdominal pressure; (3) electrolyte disturbances; (4) right heart failure and congestion of the liver or digestive tract; (5) prolonged bed rest4; (6) medications5 and mechanical ventilation6.
Some Chinese medicine scholars have proposed that the development process of COPD is the process of four states:(1) lung qi deficiency; (2) spleen qi deficiency; (3) kidney qi deficiency; (4) Yin and yang deficiency7,8. If the spleen fails to transport and transform and the stomach is weak and unable to receive, abdominal distension may occur, which in turn can lead to muscle thinning and weakness due to the lack of chemical sources9. At present, the drugs commonly used in the clinical treatment of COPD include bronchodilators, glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and other drugs10. There are no guidelines specifying standardized treatment protocols for COPD combined with abdominal distention, which is often treated symptomatically.
Warm acupuncture and moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine can guide Qi to dredge the meridians, invigorate blood circulation, remove blood stasis, replenish deficiency to warm yang, and dissipate cold. They can produce antioxidant substances and thus play a regulatory role, which can promote immune system stress response and improve blood circulation11,12. Warm acupuncture and moxibustion can be used to treat cervical spondylosis13, knee arthritis14, dysmenorrhea15, constipation16, irritable bowel syndrome17, and so on. Experimental studies have turned out that acupuncture can relieve abdominal distension by regulating the brain-gut axis18. Acupuncture combined with moxibustion significantly reduces abdominal distention19, which may be exerted through the regulation of plasma prostaglandin E2 and gastrin levels in plasma and gastric mucosal tissues20. Meanwhile, warm acupuncture and moxibustion are superior to prokinetics and sham acupuncture in terms of improving the symptoms of functional dyspepsia21. Acupuncture can strengthen the diaphragm and relieve respiratory muscle fatigue, as well as improve carbon dioxide retention, and hypoxia, and prevent and relieve respiratory failure22. Warm acupuncture and moxibustion improve lung function, clinical symptoms, and quality of life in patients with stable COPD23,24.
According to the theory of Chinese medicine that &#34;The lung stands in interior-exterior relationship with the large intestine&#34;, the warming acupuncture and moxibustion treatment used in this study aim to promote the recovery of gastrointestinal function and improve pulmonary function and quality of life. Warm acupuncture and moxibustion are highly effective, easy to perform, and inexpensive forms of traditional Chinese medicine treatments. In conclusion, it is necessary to propose a standard protocol on how to properly operate the use of warm acupuncture and moxibustion to relieve COPD with abdominal distension. This article describes how to properly manipulate the use of warm acupuncture and moxibustion treatment to relieve COPD with abdominal distension.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Moxa stick</td><td>Dr. Moxi</td><td>N/A</td><td>size: 1.2 cm x 1.2 cm</td></tr><tr><td>Disposable sterile acupuncture needle</td><td>HWATO</td><td>2001-0020</td><td>size:&amp;nbsp; 0.25 mm x 40 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Iodophor swabs</td><td>BEIJIAER</td><td>20162140536</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cardboard</td><td>In-house</td><td>In-house</td><td>size: 60 mm x 60 mm&amp;nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table>

a preliminary study on warm acupuncture and moxibustion for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with abdominal distension

Most patients with COPD have a combination of abdominal distension, which has been shown to adversely affect pulmonary symptoms, frequency of acute exacerbations, and quality of life in patients with COPD. Warm acupuncture and moxibustion have been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms in patients with COPD combined with abdominal distention. Warm acupuncture and moxibustion are highly effective, easy to perform, and inexpensive forms of traditional Chinese medicine treatments. The standardized practice of warm acupuncture and moxibustion is very important for the treatment of COPD combined with abdominal distension. The specific steps include selecting the appropriate acupoints for needling through syndrome differentiation treatment and selecting moxa sticks of appropriate length for moxibustion for about 30 min after the De-qi. The course of treatment lasts for one week. The following indicators are specifically assessed: the score of the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and the abdominal distension visual analog scale (VAS). This article will clearly illustrate how to standardize the manipulation of warm acupuncture and moxibustion to relieve COPD combined with abdominal distention.

General conditions 
A total of 12 patients (Table 1) with COPD combined with abdominal distension were divided into observation and control groups, with 6 cases in each group, respectively. All met the diagnostic criteria of the &#39;&#39;Primary Care Guidelines for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2018)&#39;&#39;29 and had abdominal distension. The control group was given pseudo-needling. We chose the same acupoints as the observation group and inserted needles vertically into the skin at 2.5 cm beside these acupoints and punctured them superficially for 1-3 mm without needling manipulation and moxibustion. The patients in the control group were provided with basic treatment according to the Primary Care Guidelines for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2018)29. The patients in the observation group were given warm acupuncture, moxibustion, and basic treatment according to the Primary Care Guidelines for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2018)29. Patients in both groups received treatment for 1 week.
Observed indicators 
The quality of life (the score of COPD Assessment Test [CAT])29 and abdominal distension VAS scores30 were compared between the two groups.
Representative results 
Independent samples t-test was used for comparison between the control and observation groups, and Paired t-test was used for comparison before and after treatment within each group.
The comparison of CAT scores between the 2 groups before and after treatment is shown in Table 2. After treatment, the CAT scores of both groups were lower than those before treatment (P &#60; 0.001), and the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P =&#160;0.012).
The comparison of abdominal distension VAS scores between the 2 groups before and after treatment is shown in Table 3. After treatment, the abdominal distension VAS scores of both groups were lower than those before treatment (P &#60; 0.05), and the scores of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P = 0.011).
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318fig01.jpg" /> 
Figure 1. Required materials. Disposable sterile acupuncture needles (size 0.25 mm x 40 mm); moxa sticks (size 1.2 cm x 1.2 cm); medical sterilization swabs; Iodophor swabs; lighter; several 60 mm x 60 mm cardboards. <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318fig01large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
<img alt="Figure 2" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318fig02.jpg" /> 
Figure 2. Acupoint selection. The acupuncture points were selected according to traditional Chinese medicine theory and the relevant references: <img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318eq01.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> Zhongwan (RN12); <img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318eq02.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> Taiyuan (LU9); <img alt="Equation 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318eq03.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> Tianshu (ST25); <img alt="Equation 4" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318eq04.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> Zusanli (ST36); <img alt="Equation 5" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318eq05.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> Dingchuan (EX-B1); <img alt="Equation 6" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318eq06.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> Feishu (BL13). (A) Taiyin lung channel of hand; (B) Conception channel; (C) Yangming stomach channel of the foot; (D) Taiyang bladder channel of the foot. <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318fig02large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
<img alt="Figure 3" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318fig03.jpg" /> 
Figure 3. Warm acupuncture and moxibustion manipulation diagram. Select the appropriate acupoints for needling and select moxa sticks of appropriate length for moxibustion for about 30 min after De-qi. <a href="https://www-jove-com.remotexs.ntu.edu.sg/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318fig03large.jpg" target="_blank">Please click here to view a larger version of this figure.</a>
<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Gender</td>
			<td>Age (years)</td>
			<td>BMI</td>
			<td>FVC1/FVC (%)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Female</td>
			<td>79</td>
			<td>27.12</td>
			<td>35.25</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Male</td>
			<td>59</td>
			<td>17.58</td>
			<td>58</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Female</td>
			<td>74</td>
			<td>19.22</td>
			<td>57</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Male</td>
			<td>65</td>
			<td>16.83</td>
			<td>35.24</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Male</td>
			<td>84</td>
			<td>17.58</td>
			<td>46</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Male</td>
			<td>80</td>
			<td>22.41</td>
			<td>38.35</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Male</td>
			<td>67</td>
			<td>16.65</td>
			<td>35.47</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Male</td>
			<td>67</td>
			<td>20.83</td>
			<td>66.64</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Male</td>
			<td>83</td>
			<td>16.53</td>
			<td>56.99</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Male</td>
			<td>64</td>
			<td>20.76</td>
			<td>62</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Male</td>
			<td>85</td>
			<td>26.4</td>
			<td>60</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Male</td>
			<td>82</td>
			<td>19.1</td>
			<td>56</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
Table 1: General information of the patients included in the study.
<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Group&#160;</td>
			<td>Number of cases&#160;</td>
			<td>Pre-treatment&#160;</td>
			<td>Post-treatment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Observation group</td>
			<td>6</td>
			<td>22.83 &#177; 2.317</td>
			<td>13.00 &#177; 1.095</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Control group</td>
			<td>6</td>
			<td>22.67 &#177; 3.011</td>
			<td>15.33 &#177; 1.506</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Note:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4"><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318eq01.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> Compared with the same group before treatment, P &#60; 0.001&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4"><img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318eq02.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> Compared with the control group after treatment, P = 0.012</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
Table 2. The comparison of CAT scores between the two groups before and after treatment. Scores are expressed as <img alt="Equation 7" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318eq07.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> &#177; s.
<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Group&#160;</td>
			<td>Number of cases&#160;</td>
			<td>Pre-treatment&#160;</td>
			<td>Post-treatment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Observation group</td>
			<td>6</td>
			<td>7.67 &#177; 0.816</td>
			<td>2.67 &#177; 0.516</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Control group</td>
			<td>6</td>
			<td>6.67 &#177; 1.633</td>
			<td>3.83 &#177; 0.753</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Note:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4"><img alt="Equation 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318eq01.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> Compared with the same group before treatment, P &#60; 0.05&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4"><img alt="Equation 2" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318eq02.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> Compared with the control group after treatment, P = 0.011</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
Table 3. The comparison of abdominal distension VAS scores between the two groups before and after treatment. Scores are expressed as <img alt="Equation 7" src="/files/ftp_upload/65318/65318eq07.jpg" style="margin: auto;" /> &#177; s.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Effective Traditional Chinese Medicinal Treatment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Abdominal Distension at JoVE.com

Author Spotlight: An Effective Traditional Chinese Medicinal Treatment for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Abdominal Distension 

Here, we present a protocol to properly manipulate warm acupuncture and moxibustion for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with abdominal distension.

A Preliminary Study on Warm Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Abdominal Distension

Most patients with COPD have a combination of abdominal distension, which has been shown to adversely affect pulmonary symptoms, frequency of acute ...

a-preliminary-study-on-warm-acupuncture-moxibustion-for-treating

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

1.3K Views.  Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. We stellen een gestandaardiseerde manipulatie voor van warme acupunctuur en moxibustie voor de behandeling van chronische obstructieve longziekte, of COPD, gecombineerd met opgezette buik. Deze methode kan helpen bij het beantwoorden van belangrijke vragen op het gebied van COPD met opgezette buik. De handmatige voordelen van warme acupunctuur en moxibustie zijn onder meer de hoge effectiviteit van de methode in gebruik, het gemak van uitvoering en de betaalbaarheid.Deze vormen van beh...

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This article elaborately describes the procedure of moving cupping along meridians therapy in the treatment of AECOPD. The effectiveness and feasibility of moving cupping along meridians therapy in relieving symptoms and enhancing the quality of life is demonstrated by comparing the changes in the 36-item Short-Form (SF-36) health survey questionnaire, the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC), and the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score before and after the treatment. As a cost-effective complementary treatment, the protocol for the moving cupping along meridians treatment described in this article is expected to provide a reference for non-pharmacological treatment options for AECOPD.

Author Spotlight: Evaluating the Therapeutic Efficacy of Moving Cupping Along Meridians for Acute Exacerbation of COPD

This protocol presents a novel approach to alleviating the symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) by employing moving cupping along meridians therapy to stimulate the first sideline of the bladder meridian.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory condition characterized by persistent and progressive airflow obstruction, ...

Herbal Moxibustion on Shenque Acupoint for Alleviating Primary Dysmenorrhea

Herbs-Partitioned Moxibustion on the Navel in a Rat Model of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Cold Coagulation and Blood Stasis

Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) refers to the occurrence of spasmodic colicky pain in the lower abdomen without any obvious pelvic pathology, often accompanied by other systemic symptoms, which significantly reduces the quality of life of women with PDM, 45%-95% of menstrual women are affected by it. Despite the high incidence of PDM, it is often not well treated and is ignored by relevant researchers and women themselves. Herbs-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) is a characteristic external therapy in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is widely used to treat diseases in China; it treats diseases by applying a Chinese herbal formula on the patient's acupoints and then igniting moxa sticks on the herbal formula for moxibustion therapy. The primary effectiveness of the herbs utilized in this study is meridian activation and warmth, which encourages qi circulation to relieve pain. Moxibustion's heat stimulation could hasten the infusion of the herbs into the human body. Consequently, HPM, which combines acupoint, herbal, and heat stimulations, is appropriate for treating gynecological disorders, particularly functional diseases such as PDM. This paper provides a detailed description of the procedures and precautions for HPM at the Shenque (CV8) acupoint in female experimental rats, which 0provides an experimental basis for better promoting the application and development of HPM on the navel in PDM.

Here, we describe in detail the operation procedures and precautions to be taken during herbs-partitioned moxibustion on the navel in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in rats with cold coagulation and blood stasis, which can significantly improve the writhing reaction of dysmenorrhea rats and alleviate pain.

Primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) refers to the occurrence of spasmodic colicky pain in the lower abdomen without any obvious pelvic pathology, often accompanied ...

Assessing the Efficacy of Ginger Moxibustion in Diarrhea Management in COPD

Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common and frequently occurring disease in the elderly population, and it tends to progressively worsen. Diarrhea is a common extrapulmonary complication in patients with COPD. Diarrhea can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, weakness, and a loss of appetite, among other adverse consequences, which seriously affect the quality of life and nutritional status of patients. These consequences are not conducive to improving airway obstruction in COPD patients. At present, modern medicine has poor curative effects, fails to control symptoms fully, causes a relapse after drug withdrawal, has side effects, and increases the medication burden of patients. Ginger moxibustion is a unique non-pharmacological therapy of traditional Chinese medicine, which is safe and effective in controlling diarrhea, has few side effects, and is easy to accept. It is, therefore, an ideal alternative therapy. This article aims to introduce the protocol of ginger moxibustion for treating diarrhea in COPD patients.

Author Spotlight: Exploring Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Chronic Respiratory Diseases &#8212; Linking Intestinal Microbiome Insights to COPD Treatment

Here, we present the method of using ginger moxibustion to treat diarrhea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common and frequently occurring disease in the elderly population, and it tends to progressively worsen. ...

A Preliminary Study on Warm Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Abdominal Distension

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