This work was partly supported by Nippon Sheet Glass Foundation for Materials Science and Engineering and JSPS KAKENHI (Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, #50362281).

주의 : 화학 물질 및 솔루션 작업을 할 때 항상주의해야합니다. 적절한 안전 관행에 따라 항상 장갑, 안경 및 실험실 코트를 착용하십시오. 그들의 대량 대응에 비해 나노 물질 추가 위험이있을 수 있음을 유의하십시오. 리전트 1. 준비 <ol><li> (; MV 2+ 메틸 비올로 겐)을 물 20ml에 0.2 mM의 MV 2+을 수득 1,1&#39;- 디메틸 -4,4&#39;- 비피 리디 늄 디 클로라이드 0.0012 g을 용해시켜 메틸 비올로 겐 수용액을 준비한다. </li><li> 25 mM의 HAuCl 4 수득 물 10ml에 금 (III) 염화 수화물의 0.1050 g (HAuCl 4 • 3H 2 O)을 용해시켜 금 (III) 클로라이드 수용액을 준비한다. </li><li> 100 밀리미터의 NaBH 4 수득 물 10 ㎖ 중의 나트륨 테트라 히드로 보레이트의 0.03844 g을 용해하여 수소화 붕소 나트륨 수용액 (을 NaBH 4)을 준비한다. </li><li> dissolv에 의해 2 ammoniumethanethiol 수용액을 준비물 25 ㎖ 중의 2- ammoniumethanethiol 클로라이드 염 (2 AET +)의 0.2985 g을 보내고은 100 mM의 2 AET +를 얻었다. </li></ol> TNS 콜로이드 현탁액 2. 합성 참고 : 티타니아 나노 시트 (TNS 2의 Ti 0.91 O)은 잘 확립 된 절차에 따라 제조 이전에 22,23,30보고되었다. <ol><li> 고사 2 CO 3 (0.4040 g) 및 이산화 티탄의 화학량 론적 혼합물을 소성하여 적층 세슘, 티탄산 세슘 0.7 티 1.825 O (4)의 원료를 준비한다 (ST를 01, 0.5000 g) 800 ℃에서 20 시간 22. 두 번이 작업을 반복합니다. </li><li> 프로톤 화 층상 티탄산을 제조 (H 0.7 티 1.825 O 4 · H 2 O) 반복적 염산 (100 밀리미터, 81.42 mL)을 12 시간 동안 진탕 기 (300 Hz에서)를 이용하여 수용액 세슘, 티탄산 0.8142 g을 처리함으로써. </li><li> 박리 된 층상 티 탄산염 (TNS)에 의해 콜로이드 현탁액을 준비합니다어두운 조건 하에서 주위 온도에서 약 2 주 동안 수용액 - 17 mM의 테트라 부틸 암모늄 하이드 록 사이드 (TBA + OH) 25 mL를 양성자 티타 네이트 분말 (0.0998 g) 격렬 (500 RPM)를 교반. 그 결과 유백색 현탁액 티타니아 나노 시트 박리 포함 (TNS를 1.4 g / L, pH가 11 ~ 12). </li></ol> TNS 필름 (21) 3. 합성 <ol><li> TNS의 제조 영화를 캐스팅 (C-TNS) <ol><li> 사전 세정 된 유리 기판 (~ 20 × 20mm 2) 30 분 동안 1 M 수산화 나트륨 수용액 (수산화 나트륨)의 초음파 세척기 (27 kHz로)를 사용하여 초음파 치료 내지. </li><li> 초순수의 5 ~ 10 ㎖ (&lt;0.056 μS의 cm-1)와 기판을 씻어. </li><li> 3 분 동안 0.1 M 수성 염산 (HCL)에서 유리 기판을 담그고, 초순수 5-10 ㎖로 헹군다. </li><li> 1 시간 동안 순수한 물에 초음파 치료 (27 kHz에서)을 통해 기판을 청소하고,순수한 물로 씻어. (건조까지) 2 ~ 3 분 동안 헤어 드라이어 건조. </li><li> 300 ㎕의 분취 량의 유리 기판 상에 TNS의 콜로이드 현탁액을 캐스팅. </li><li> 60 ℃에서 2 시간 건조를 위해 C-TNS 막을 수득 건조 오븐을 사용. </li></ol></li><li> 소결 TNS 필름의 제조 예 (S-TNS) <ol><li> 6.8 ℃의 속도로 25에서 500 ℃로 3 시간 (가열 500 ℃에서 유리 기판 (S-TNS 막), 소결 대기 중의 수득 C-TNS 막에 TNS 성분의 열 고정을 달성하기 위해, 오븐을 사용하여 / 분). </li><li> 두 번 소결 과정을 반복합니다. </li></ol></li><li> 필름의 제조 <ol><li> 의 S-TNS 막이 용액에 침지하는 경우는 모든 실험 절차는 위쪽을 향하도록 증착 된 S-TNS 막 위치. </li><li> TNS의 광 반응을 방지하기 위해 알루미늄 호일로 설정을 덮어 어두운 조건에서 모든 실험을 수행한다. </li></ol></li><li> 사전메틸 비올로 겐 (MV 2+) 층상 TNS 필름 (TNS / MV 2+)의 paration <ol><li> 어두운 조건에서, 실온 (RT)에서 7 시간 동안 배양 접시에서 MV 2+ 클로라이드 염의 수용액 (0.2 mm의 3 ㎖)에 S-TNS 필름을 담근다. </li><li> ~ 1 시간 동안 어둠 속에서, 오븐을 사용하여 60 ° C에서 초순수 (50-10 ml) 및 건조 공기로 수득 된 샘플을 씻어. </li></ol></li><li> 금의 준비 (III) 층상 TNS 필름 (TNS / 금 (III)) <ol><li> 어두운 조건 하에서 RT에서 3 시간 동안 페트리 접시에 HAuCl 4의 수성 용액 (25 mM의 3 ㎖)에 TNS / MV 2+ 필름을 담근다. </li><li> ~ 1 시간 동안 어둠 속에서, 오븐을 사용하여 60 ° C에서 초순수 (50-10 ml) 및 건조 공기로 수득 된 샘플을 씻어. </li></ol></li><li> TNS 필름의 층간 공간 내에서 AuNP의 합성 (TNS / AuNP) <ol><li> 을 NaBH 4 수용액에 TNS / 금 (III) 막을 담가 </sub&gt; 어두운 조건에서 실온에서 0.5 시간 동안 배양 접시에 (0.1 M, 5 ㎖). </li><li> ~ 1 시간 동안 어둠 속에서 오븐을 이용하여 60 ℃에서 공기 중에서 얻어진 필름을 건조. </li></ol></li><li> 2 AET + 층상 TNS 필름의 제조 (TNS / 2-AET +) <ol><li> RT에서 24 시간 동안 배양 접시에 (0.1 M, 3 ㎖) - 2 + CL AET 수용액에서 S-TNS 필름을 담근다. </li><li> 린스 ~ 1 시간 동안 어둠 속에서, 오븐을 사용하여 60 ° C에서 초순수 (50-10 ml) 및 건조 공기로 필름을 수득. </li></ol></li><li> 금 (III) 2- AET + 공동 층상 TNS 필름 (TNS / 2 + AET / 금 (III)). <ol><li> RT에서 3 시간 동안 HAuCl 4의 수성 용액 (25 mM의 3 ㎖)에 TNS / 2 + AET 필름을 담근다. </li><li> ~ 1 시간 동안 어둠 속에서, 오븐을 사용하여 60 ° C에서 초순수 (50-10 ml) 및 건조 공기로 얻어진 필름을 씻어. </li></ol></li><li> AuNP의 withi의 합성n은 TNS / 2-AET + 필름의 층간 공간 (TNS / 2-AET + / AuNP). <ol><li> 어두운 조건 하에서 RT에서 0.5 시간 동안 배양 접시에서의 NaBH 4 (0.1 M, 5 ㎖)의 수용액으로 TNS / 2 + AET은 / 금 (III) 필름을 담근다. </li><li> ~ 1 시간 동안 어둠 속에서 오븐을 사용하여 60 ° C에서 초순수 (50-10 ml) 및 건조 공기로 얻어진 필름을 씻어. </li></ol></li><li> 특성화 <ol><li> 30 kV의 및 15mA에서 작동 X 선 회절 (XRD) monochromatized CU-K의 α 방사선 (λ = 0.15405 ㎚)와 데스크탑 X 선 회절 장치를 사용하여 (21)을 분석을 수행한다. </li><li> 에너지 분산 형 X 선 분광법 (EDS)의 스펙트럼 (21)을 가지고. </li><li> 투과성 모드 (21)를 이용하여 제조 된 샘플에 대한 UV-비스 흡수 스펙트럼을 기록하는 멀티 채널 광 검출기 또는 정상 상태의 자외선 - 가시 광선 (UV-비스) 흡광도를 이용한다. </li></ol></li></ol>

We have nothing to disclose.

이 원고는 TNS 필름의 층간 공간 내에서 금 나노 입자 (AuNPs)의 현장에서 합성을위한 상세한 프로토콜을 제공합니다. 이 TNS의 층간 공간 내 AuNPs의 제자리 합성의 첫 번째보고이다. 또한, 우리는 2 AET +는 TNS의 층간 내 AuNPs에 대한 효과적인 보호 시약으로 작동하는 것을 발견했다. 이러한 방법은 AuNPs와 TNS 투명 필름을 하이브리드. 프로토콜 절에 제시된 양호한 광학 투명도 21 TNS 필름은, 소결 공정 (S-TNS 막)을 합성 하였다. 소결 공정은 유기 불순물의 완전 제거를 반복해야한다. 유기 불순물이 남아있을 때, 필름은 어두운 회색을 켭니다. 여기서, 상기 소결 공정은 통상적으로 실행 회 반복 하였다; 그러나, 더 반복은 허용된다. 우리는 성공적이 intermediat를 사용하여 계층 TNS 영화를 AuNP이 함유 합성전자 필름 (즉, TNS / MV 2+와 TNS / 2-AET + 필름). 두 중간 필름은 수성 HAuCl 4 용액에 침지시키고, 금 종 상당한 양의 잡음 형성 필름의 층간 공간 내에 수용 하였다 (하나의 Au 원자의 점유 공간 1.47-1.61 내지 2였다). 이 MV 2 + 2-AET + 분자가 TNS 층 (도 1B 및 2A 및 표 1) 현재로 유효한 확장기 역할을 제안합니다. 그러나 TNS의 층간에 금 종의 상세한 흡착 메카니즘은 여전히 ​​불명확하다. 얻어진 금 (III) 함유 필름을 수용액의 NaBH 4 용액에 침지시키고, 필름의 색상이 즉시 보라색으로 클리어 변경 (도 4 및 6) TNS 층간 내의 AuNPs의 형성을 시사한다. 또한, AuNP 함유 TNS 필름은 양호한 광학 트랜스 유지PARENCY 수성 MV 2+ 2 AET +와의 NaBH 4 용액에 침지하는 경우에도, 유리 기판에 대하여 결합하고 (도 전형적인 예로서도 8a 참조). 이러한 방법은 구리와은 (21)과 같은 다른 금속 이온에 적용 할 수 있습니다. TNS / MV 2+ 막을 중간층으로서 사용되었을 때, AuNPs의 색상은 TNS의 층간 공간 내 AuNPs의 응집을 시사 30 분 (도 6) 내에서 변경할. 그러나 AuNPs의 응집 및 색 변화가 효과적으로 중간체 (도 8)로 TNS / 2 + AET 막을 사용을 억제 하였다. 이 2 AET + 분자가 용액에 AuNPs 유사한 TNS의 중간층, 내 AuNPs에 대한 효과적인 보호 시약 일을 제안합니다. 합성 TNS / 2-AET + / AuNPs 산소에 대해 안정하고 590 nm에서의 특징적인 흡광 밴드이었다사개월 이상으로 유지했다. 이러한 특성 및 TNS 중간층 내의 AuNPs의 안정성은 촉매, 광촉매 및 경제적 플라즈몬 장치의 개발에 적용 성을 입증 할 것으로 예상된다.

각종 귀금속 나노 입자 (MNPS) 인해 국소 표면 플라즈몬 공명 (LSPR) 속성 특성 색상 또는 색조를 나타내고; 따라서, MNPS 여러 광학 및 / 또는 광화학 1-4 애플리케이션에 사용될 수있다. 최근, 금속 산화물 반도체 등의 산화 티탄 (TiO2)과 같은 MNPS (MOS) 광촉매, 조합 충분히 광촉매 5-14 새로운 형태로 조사되었다. 가장 MOS 입자는 상대적으로 낮은 표면적을 가지고 있기 때문에, 많은 경우에서 MNPS 극소량은 MOS 표면에 존재한다. 한편, 적층 된 금속 산화물 반도체 (LMOSs) 광촉매 특성을 나타내는 큰 표면적 LMO에 15-17의 단위 g 당 일반적으로 수백 평방 미터가있다. 또한, 다양한 LMOSs는 인터 특성 (즉, 다양한 화학 종들은 팽창성 대형 층간 공간 내에 수용 될 수 있음)이 15 ~ 20. 따라서, MNPS LMOSs과의 조합으로, 이는 MNPS 비교적 많은 양의 상기 반도체 광촉매 혼성화되는 것으로 예상된다. (; TNS 16-30 티타니아 나노 시트) 투명 필름 매우 간단한 단계를 통해 우리는 구리 나노 입자 (CuNPs) LMO의 층간 공간 내에서 21의 현장 합성의 첫 번째를보고했다. 하지만, 합성 절차의 세부 사항 및 기타 귀금속 및 MNPS TNS 하이브리드의 특성은 아직보고되지 않았다. 또한, TNS 층 내의 CuNPs 쉽게 산화되어 주위 조건 하에서 21 탈색 하였다. 이에 따라 AuNPs 널리 다양한 광학, 광 화학적 및 촉매 적 용도로 사용되기 때문에, 금 나노 입자 (AuNPs)에 집중하고, 그들이 산화 3-5,7,8,10-14 대하여 상대적으로 안정 될 것으로 예상 , 28,31,32. 여기서 우리는 TNS와 쇼 그쪽의 층간 공간에 AuNPs의 합성을보고t 2 ammoniumethanethiol (2-AET +도 1 삽입)는 TNS의 층간 내 AuNPs에 대한 보호 시약으로 효과적으로 작동합니다.

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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:295px;">Methyl viologen dichloride</td>
			<td style="width:173px;">Aldrich Chemical&#160; Co., Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">1910-42-5</td>
			<td style="width:388px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide</td>
			<td>TCI</td>
			<td>T1685</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">cesium carbonate</td>
			<td>Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.</td>
			<td>07184-33</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">anatase titanium dixoide</td>
			<td>Ishihara Sangyo Ltd.</td>
			<td>ST-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>20010-0350</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>195-13775</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Tetrachloroauric(III) acid trihydrate</td>
			<td>Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.</td>
			<td>17044-60</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">sodium tetrahydroborate</td>
			<td>Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>39245-1210</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">2-ammoniumethanethiol hydrochloride</td>
			<td>TCI</td>
			<td>A0296</td>
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			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Ultrapure water (0.056 &#181;S/cm)</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Milli-Q water purification system (Direct-Q&#174; 3UV, Millipore)</td>
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			<td>Microscope slide (Thickness : 1.0&#8764;1.2 mm)</td>
			<td>Matsunami glass Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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</table>

in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles without aggregation in the interlayer space of layered titanate transparent films

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs within the interlayer space of semiconducting layered titania nanosheet (TNS) films was investigated here. Two types of intermediate films (i.e., TNS films containing methyl viologen (TNS/MV2+) and 2-ammoniumethanethiol (TNS/2-AET+)) were prepared. The two intermediate films were soaked in an aqueous tetrachloroauric(III) acid (HAuCl4) solution, whereby considerable amounts of Au(III) species were accommodated within the interlayer spaces of the TNS films. The two types of obtained films were then soaked in an aqueous sodium tetrahydroborate (NaBH4) solution, whereupon the color of the films immediately changed from colorless to purple, suggesting the formation of AuNPs within the TNS interlayer. When only TNS/MV2+ was used as the intermediate film, the color of the film gradually changed from metallic purple to dusty purple within 30 min, suggesting that aggregation of AuNPs had occurred. In contrast, this color change was suppressed by using the TNS/2-AET+ intermediate film, and the AuNPs were stabilized for over 4 months, as evidenced by the characteristic extinction (absorption and scattering) band from the AuNPs.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films at JoVE.com

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

여기서는 AuNPs의 응집이없는 티탄산 적층 필름의 층간 공간 내에서 금 나노 입자 (AuNPs)의 원위치에서의 합성을위한 프로토콜을 제시한다. 어떤 스펙트럼 변화도 사개월 후 관찰되지 않았다. 합성 된 물질은 촉매, 광촉매 및 경제적 플라즈몬 장치의 개발에 응용이 예상되었다.

계층화 된 티탄 투명 필름의 층간 공간에서 집계하지 않고 금 나노 입자의 제자리 합성에

Combinations of metal oxide semiconductors and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been investigated as new types of materials. The in situ synthesis of AuNPs ...

in-situ-synthesis-gold-nanoparticles-without-aggregation-interlayer

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

8.0K 조회수.  Niigata University.  여기서는 AuNPs의 응집이없는 티탄산 적층 필름의 층간 공간 내에서 금 나노 입자 (AuNPs)의 원위치에서의 합성을위한 프로토콜을 제시한다. 어떤 스펙트럼 변화도 사개월 후 관찰되지 않았다. 합성 된 물질은 촉매, 광촉매 및 경제적 플라즈몬 장치의 개발에 응용이 예상되었다. 

비디오: In Situ Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles without Aggregation in the Interlayer Space of Layered Titanate Transparent Films

Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes consist of many cup-shaped graphitic compartments termed as nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups (NCNCs). These as-synthesized graphitic nanocups from chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method were stacked in a head-to-tail fashion held only through noncovalent interactions. Individual NCNCs can be isolated out of their stacking structure through a series of chemical and physical separation processes. First, as-synthesized NCNCs were oxidized in a mixture of strong acids to introduce oxygen-containing defects on the graphitic walls. The oxidized NCNCs were then processed using high-intensity probe-tip sonication which effectively separated the stacked NCNCs into individual graphitic nanocups. Owing to their abundant oxygen and nitrogen surface functionalities, the resulted individual NCNCs are highly hydrophilic and can be effectively functionalized with gold nanoparticles (GNPs), which preferentially fit in the opening of the cups as cork stoppers. These graphitic nanocups corked with GNPs may find promising applications as nanoscale containers and drug carriers.

We discussed the synthesis of individual graphitic nanocups using a series of techniques including chemical vapor deposition, acid oxidation and probe-tip sonication. By citrate reduction of HAuCl4, the graphitic nanocups were effectively corked with gold nanoparticles due to the chemically reactive edges of the cups.

코르크 마개로 금 나노 입자와 질소 도핑 된 탄소 나노 튜브 컵의 합성과 기능화

Nitrogen-doped carbon  nanotubes consist of many cup-shaped graphitic compartments termed as  nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups (NCNCs).  These ...

연구

공학

Detection and Recovery of Palladium, Gold and Cobalt Metals from the Urban Mine Using Novel Sensors/Adsorbents Designated with Nanoscale Wagon-wheel-shaped Pores

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in industrialized countries. Here, the development of optical mesosensors/adsorbents (MSAs) for efficient recognition and selective recovery of Pd(II), Au(III), and Co(II) from urban mine was achieved. A simple, general method for preparing MSAs based on using high-order mesoporous monolithic scaffolds was described. Hierarchical cubic Ia3d wagon-wheel-shaped MSAs were fabricated by anchoring chelating agents (colorants) into three-dimensional pores and micrometric particle surfaces of the mesoporous monolithic scaffolds. Findings show, for the first time, evidence of controlled optical recognition of Pd(II), Au(III), and Co(II) ions and a highly selective system for recovery of Pd(II) ions (up to ~95%) in ores and industrial wastes. Furthermore, the controlled assessment processes described herein involve evaluation of intrinsic properties (e.g., visual signal change, long-term stability, adsorption efficiency, extraordinary sensitivity, selectivity, and reusability); thus, expensive, sophisticated instruments are not required. Results show evidence that MSAs will attract worldwide attention as a promising technological means of recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals.

Because of the importance and extensive use of palladium, gold and cobalt metals in high-technology equipment, their recovery and recycling constitute an important industrial challenge. The metal recovery system described herein is a simple, low-cost means for the effective detection, removal, and recovery of these metals from the urban mine.

감지 및 팔라듐의 복구, 도시 광산에서 금과 코발트 금속은 나노 수레 바퀴 모양의 기공 지정 소설 센서 / 흡착제를 사용하여

Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in ...

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) for the detection of faint astrophysical signatures, as well as for quantum computing applications and materials characterization. In this paper, procedures are presented for the fabrication and characterization of thin-film superconducting microwave resonators. The fabrication methodology allows for the realization of superconducting transmission-line resonators with features on both sides of an atomically smooth single-crystal silicon dielectric. This work describes the procedure for the installation of resonator devices into a cryogenic microwave testbed and for cool-down below the superconducting transition temperature. The set-up of the cryogenic microwave testbed allows one to do careful measurements of the complex microwave transmission of these resonator devices, enabling the extraction of the properties of the superconducting lines and dielectric substrate (e.g., internal quality factors, loss and kinetic inductance fractions), which are important for device design and performance.

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for detection of light, quantum computing applications and materials characterization. This work presents a detailed procedure for fabrication and characterization of superconducting microwave resonator scattering parameters.

초전도 공진기의 제조 및 특성

Superconducting microwave resonators are of interest for a wide range of applications, including for their use as microwave kinetic inductance detectors ...

Electrospray Deposition of Uniform Thickness Ge23Sb7S70 and As40S60 Chalcogenide Glass Films

Solution-based electrospray film deposition, which is compatible with continuous, roll-to-roll processing, is applied to chalcogenide glasses. Two chalcogenide compositions are demonstrated: Ge23Sb7S70 and As40S60, which have both been studied extensively for planar mid-infrared (mid-IR) microphotonic devices. In this approach, uniform thickness films are fabricated through the use of computer numerical controlled (CNC) motion. Chalcogenide glass (ChG) is written over the substrate by a single nozzle along a serpentine path. Films were subjected to a series of heat treatments between 100 &#176;C and 200 &#176;C under vacuum to drive off residual solvent and densify the films. Based on transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and surface roughness measurements, both compositions were found to be suitable for the fabrication of planar devices operating in the mid-IR region. Residual solvent removal was found to be much quicker for the As40S60 film as compared to Ge23Sb7S70. Based on the advantages of electrospray, direct printing of a gradient refractive index (GRIN) mid-IR transparent coating is envisioned, given the difference in refractive index of the two compositions in this study.

Electrospray Deposition of Uniform Thickness Ge23Sb7S70 and As40S60 Chalcogenide Glass Films

A method of uniform thickness solution-derived chalcogenide glass film deposition is demonstrated using computer numerical controlled motion of a single-nozzle electrospray.

균일 한 두께의 Ge 전기 분무 증착<sub&gt; (23)</sub&gt;의 Sb<sub&gt; 7</sub&gt; S<sub&gt; (70)</sub&gt;와 같이<sub&gt; (40)</sub&gt; S<sub&gt; (60)</sub&gt; 칼 코게 나이드 유리 필름

Solution-based electrospray film deposition, which is compatible with continuous, roll-to-roll processing, is applied to chalcogenide glasses. Two ...

Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals

A spark plasma sintering apparatus was used as a novel method for diffusion bonding of two single crystals of strontium titanate to form bicrystals with one twist grain boundary. This apparatus utilizes high uniaxial pressure and a pulsed direct current for rapid consolidation of material. Diffusion bonding of strontium titanate bicrystals without fracture, in a spark plasma sintering apparatus, is possible at high pressures due to the unusual temperature dependent plasticity behavior of strontium titanate. We demonstrate a method for the successful formation of bicrystals at accelerated time scales and lower temperatures in a spark plasma sintering apparatus compared to bicrystals formed by conventional diffusion bonding parameters. Bond quality was verified by scanning electron microscopy. A clean and atomically abrupt interface containing no secondary phases was observed using transmission electron microscopy techniques. Local changes in bonding across the boundary was characterized by simultaneous scanning transmission electron microscopy and spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy.

A viable technique for the formation of strontium titanate bicrystals at high pressure and fast heating rate via the spark plasma sintering apparatus is developed.

스트론튬 티탄 Bicrystals의 형성에 사용되는 플라즈마 소결 장치 불꽃

A spark plasma sintering apparatus was used as a novel method for diffusion bonding of two single crystals of strontium titanate to form bicrystals with ...

Fabrication of Ultra-thin Color Films with Highly Absorbing Media Using Oblique Angle Deposition

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present an advanced method for fabricating ultra-thin color films with improved characteristics. The proposed process addresses several fabrication issues, including large area processing. Specifically, the protocol describes a process for fabricating ultra-thin color films using an electron beam evaporator for oblique angle deposition of germanium (Ge) and gold (Au) on silicon (Si) substrates.&#160; Film porosity produced by the oblique angle deposition induces color changes in the ultra-thin film. The degree of color change depends on factors such as deposition angle and film thickness. Fabricated samples of the ultra-thin color films showed improved color tunability and color purity. In addition, the measured reflectance of the fabricated samples was converted into chromatic values and analyzed in terms of color. Our ultra-thin film fabricating method is expected to be used for various ultra-thin film applications such as flexible color electrodes, thin film solar cells, and optical filters. Also, the process developed here for analyzing the color of the fabricated samples is broadly useful for studying various color structures.

We present a detailed method for fabricating ultra-thin color films with improved characteristics for optical coatings. The oblique angle deposition technique using an electron beam evaporator allows improved color tunability and purity. Fabricated films of Ge and Au on Si substrates were analyzed by reflectance measurements and color information conversion.

기울기 각도 증 착을 사용 하 여 미디어를 흡수 하는 높은 가진 매우 얇은 필름의 제조

Ultra-thin film structures have been studied extensively for use as optical coatings, but performance and fabrication challenges remain.&#160; We present ...

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

We demonstrate the use of two nuclear-based analytical methods that can follow the modifications of microstructural arrangement of iron-based metallic glasses (MGs). Despite their amorphous nature, the identification of hyperfine interactions unveils faint structural modifications. For this purpose, we have employed two techniques that utilize nuclear resonance among nuclear levels of a stable 57Fe isotope, namely M&#246;ssbauer spectrometry and nuclear forward scattering (NFS) of synchrotron radiation. The effects of heat treatment upon (Fe2.85Co1)77Mo8Cu1B14 MG are discussed using the results of ex situ and in situ experiments, respectively. As both methods are sensitive to hyperfine interactions, information on structural arrangement as well as on magnetic microstructure is readily available. M&#246;ssbauer spectrometry performed ex situ describes how the structural arrangement and magnetic microstructure appears at room temperature after the annealing under certain conditions (temperature, time), and thus this technique inspects steady states. On the other hand, NFS data are recorded in situ during dynamically changing temperature and NFS examines transient states. The use of both techniques provides complementary information. In general, they can be applied to any suitable system in which it is important to know its steady state but also transient states.

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Here, we present a protocol to describe ex situ and in situ investigations of structural transformations in metallic glasses. We employed nuclear-based analytical methods which inspect hyperfine interactions. We demonstrate the applicability of M&#246;ssbauer spectrometry and nuclear forward scattering of synchrotron radiation during temperature-driven experiments.

전 Situ 수사 현장에서 구조 변환 방법: 금속 유리의 결정 화의 경우

We demonstrate the use of two nuclear-based analytical methods that can follow the modifications of microstructural arrangement of iron-based metallic ...

Controllable Nucleation of Cavitation from Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles for Enhancing High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Applications

In this study, plasmonic gold nanoparticles were simultaneously exposed to pulsed near-infrared laser light and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the controllable nucleation of cavitation in tissue-mimicking gel phantoms. This in vitro protocol was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, for both enhancement of imaging and therapeutic applications for cancer. The same apparatus can be used for both imaging and therapeutic applications by varying the exposure duration of the HIFU system. For short duration exposures (10 &#181;s), broadband acoustic emissions were generated through the controlled nucleation of inertial cavitation around the gold nanoparticles. These emissions provide direct localization of nanoparticles. For future applications, these particles may be functionalized with molecular-targeting antibodies (e.g. anti-HER2 for breast cancer) and can provide precise localization of cancerous regions, complementing routine diagnostic ultrasound imaging. For continuous wave (CW) exposures, the cavitation activity was used to increase the localized heating from the HIFU exposures resulting in larger thermal damage in the gel phantoms. The acoustic emissions generated from inertial cavitation activity during these CW exposures was monitored using a passive cavitation detection (PCD) system to provide feedback of cavitation activity. Increased localized heating was only achieved through the unique combination of nanoparticles, laser light and HIFU. Further validation of this technique in pre-clinical models of cancer is necessary.

This protocol demonstrates the controllable nucleation of cavitation in gel phantoms, through simultaneous exposure to both near-infrared pulsed laser light and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The cavitation activity can then be used for enhancing imaging and/or therapeutic uses of HIFU.

고 강도 향상을 위한 Plasmonic 금 나노 입자에서 현상의 제어 Nucleation 집중 초음파 응용 프로그램

In this study, plasmonic gold nanoparticles were simultaneously exposed to pulsed near-infrared laser light and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ...

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7&#8722;&#948;/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates

Here, we demonstrate a method of coating ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) nanoparticles on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) single-crystal substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. LSMO nanoparticles were deposited with diameters from 10 to 20 nm and heights between 20 and 50 nm. At the same time, (Gd) Ba2Cu3O7&#8722;&#948; ((Gd) BCO) films were fabricated on both undecorated and LSMO nanoparticle decorated STO substrates using RF magnetron sputtering. This report also describes the properties of GdBa2Cu3O7&#8722;&#948;/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 quasi-bilayer films structures (e.g., crystalline phase, morphology, chemical composition); magnetization, magneto-transport, and superconducting transport properties were also evaluated.

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬Â 'ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½ Â´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates

Here, we present a protocol to grow LSMO nanoparticles and (Gd) BCO films on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) single-crystal substrates by radio frequency (RF)-sputtering.

고주파 마 그 네트 론 스퍼터 링 GdBa2Cu3O7−δ의 라0.67SrTiO3 (STO) 단 결정 기판에 Sr0.33MnO3 준 bilayer 영화 /

Here, we demonstrate a method of coating ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) nanoparticles on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) single-crystal substrates by radio ...

An Efficient Method for Selective Desalination of Radioactive Iodine Anions by Using Gold Nanoparticles-Embedded Membrane Filter

Here, we demonstrate a detail protocol for the preparation of nanomaterials-embedded composite membranes and its application to the efficient and ion-selective removal of radioactive iodines. By using citrate-stabilized gold nanoparticles (mean diameter: 13 nm) and cellulose acetate membranes, gold nanoparticle-embedded cellulose acetate membranes (Au-CAM) have easily been fabricated. The nano-adsorbents on Au-CAM were highly stable in the presence of high concentration of inorganic salts and organic molecules. The iodide ions in aqueous solutions could rapidly be captured by this engineered membrane. Through a filtration process using an Au-CAM containing filter unit, excellent removal efficiency (&gt;99%) as well as ion-selective desalination result was achieved in a short time. Moreover, Au-CAM provided good reusability without significant decrease of its performances. These results suggested that the present technology using the engineered hybrid membrane will be a promising process for the large-scale decontamination of radioactive iodine from liquid wastes.

An efficient method for the rapid and ion-selective desalination of radioactive iodine in several aqueous solutions is described by using gold nanoparticles-immobilized cellulose acetate membrane filters.