<ol><li> 3 - 5x10 6 셀 / 6cm 조직 cultureplate에서 변형, 플레이트 293T 세포 전에하세요. 참고 : 우리는 transfection하고 efficacyas 바이러스 생산 세포들의 편의를 위해 293T 세포를 사용합니다. 플라스미드 도우미가 도입되지 않는 한 이러한 세포가 바이러스를 포장에 부족한 수 있습니다. </li><li> 첫 번째 아침 부드럽게 매체를 제거하고 4 ML 293T 세포 의대 25 MM의 Chloroquine을 포함로 바꿉니다. 1 시간을위한 인큐베이터에 넣어. 참고 : 접시 약 80 % 합류해야합니다. </li><li> 한편, 5 ML 튜브에서 한 번에 두 접시를위한 바이러스 제작 혼합 준비 : <ol><li> 2 X 10 MG retroviral 플라스미드 구축 </li><li> 2 X 5 MG 포장 건설 (EcoPak) </li><li> 2 X 62 ML CaCl </li><li> 무균 ddH 2 O 1 ML 완료 참고 : retroviral 플라스미드 관심과 마커의 oncogene을 인코딩하는 동안 EcoPak는 개그 - POL - 환경을 인코딩합니다. 함께 293T 세포로, 그들은 ecotropic 마우스 세포에 대한 구체적인 레트로 바이러스 (RV),하지만 인간의 세포에 대한 infective를 생산합니다. Chloroquine과 CaCl 2 모두는 transfection 효율을 높이는 표시되었습니다. </li></ol></li><li> 2X sterileHBS의 1ml 부드럽게 튜브를 vortexing하면서 혼합물 드롭 현명한을 추가합니다. </li><li> 즉시 부드럽게 두 접시, 1 ML 각에이 솔루션을 추가 드롭하여 놓습니다. </li><li> 7-11 시간을위한 인큐베이터에 넣어. </li><li> 저녁 (7-11 시간. 이상)에서 부드럽게 매체를 제거하고 매우 부드럽게 5 ML 신선한 293T 매체로 바꿉니다. 정오, 다음날까지 인큐베이터에 넣어. 참고 :이 단계는 당신이 세포에서 chloroquine를 벗을 필요로 중요합니다. 오랜 기간 동안 보관하는 경우, chloroquine은 독성이다. 접시에있는 해결 방법은 transfection 혼합물의 아주 좋은, 먼지와 같은 강수로 인해 희미 보인다. 참고 : 세포 chloroquine에 의해 sensitized되어 있고, 쉽게 플레이트에서 분리 수있는, 극도의 온유와 모든 매체 변경을 수행하는 것이 중요합니다. </li><li> 그 다음날은 18 세 24 시간. 바이러스 (정오 정도) 검색하기 전에, 부드럽게 중간 제거하고 매우 부드럽게 3 ML 신선한 293T 매체로 바꿉니다. 보육 O / N.으로 바꾸기 </li><li> 세번째 아침 (18-24 시간. 나중에)는 부드럽게 18 G 바늘 장착되어 10 ML의 주사기와 매체 양식 접시를 빨아. 이 뜨는은 레트로 바이러스가 포함되어 있습니다. </li><li> , 45mm의 필터 주사기에 바늘을 변경 잘 솔루션을 혼합하기 위해 주사기를 여러 번 반전, 필터를 통해 뜨는 통과하고, cryotubes에서 나누어지는 참고 : 또는, 당신이 5 0 ML 원뿔 관에 바이러스, 수영장 같은 바이러스의 모든 supernatants을 3 + 번호판을 만드하는 경우. 필터링하여 cryotubes에 레트로 바이러스를 포함하는 나누어지는의 supernatants 다음 잘 섞는다. </li><li> 바이러스 전체 supernatants을 포함하고있는 튜브가 사용하기 전까지 -80 ° C에 보관됩니다. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>DuBridge, R. B., Tang, P., Hsia, H. C., Leong, P. M., Miller, J. H., Calos, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+mutation+in+human+cells+by+using+an+Epstein-Barr+virus+shuttle+system.">Analysis of mutation in human cells by using an Epstein-Barr virus shuttle system.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 7, 379-387 (1987).</li><li>Cherry, S. R., Biniszkiewicz, D., van Parijs, L., Baltimore, D., Jaenisch, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retroviral+expression+in+embryonic+stem+cells+and+hematopoietic+stem+cells.">Retroviral expression in embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 20, 7419-7426 (2000).</li><li>Finer, M. H., Dull, T. J., Qin, L., Farson, D., Roberts, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=kat:+A+high-efficiency+retroviral+transduction+system+for+primary+human+T+lymphocytes.">kat: A high-efficiency retroviral transduction system for primary human T lymphocytes.</a> Blood. 83, 43-50 (1994).</li><li>Naviaux, R. K., Costanzi, E., Haas, M., Verma, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pCL+vector+system:+rapid+production+of+helper-free,+high-titer,+recombinant+retroviruses.">The pCL vector system: rapid production of helper-free, high-titer, recombinant retroviruses.</a> J Virol. 70, 5701-5705 (1996).</li><li>Pear, W. S., Miller, J. P., Xu, L., Pui, J. C., Soffer, B., Quackenbush, R. C., Pendergast, A. M., Bronson, R., Aster, J. C., Scott, M. L., Baltimore, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+and+rapid+induction+of+a+chronic+myelogenous+leukemia-like+myeloproliferative+disease+in+mice+receiving+P210+bcr/abl-transduced+bone+marrow.">Efficient and rapid induction of a chronic myelogenous leukemia-like myeloproliferative disease in mice receiving P210 bcr/abl-transduced bone marrow.</a> Blood. 92, 3780-3792 (1998).</li><li>Pear, W. S., Nolan, G. P., Scott, M. L., Baltimore, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+high-titer+helper-free+retroviruses+by+transient+transfection.">Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90, 8392-8396 (1993).</li><li>Stocking, C., Kollek, R., Bergholz, U., Ostertag, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long+terminal+repeat+sequences+impart+hematopoietic+transformation+properties+to+the+myeloproliferative+sarcoma+virus.">Long terminal repeat sequences impart hematopoietic transformation properties to the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 82, 5746-5750 (1985).</li><li>Van Etten, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Models+of+chronic+myeloid+leukemia.">Models of chronic myeloid leukemia.</a> Curr Oncol Rep. 3, 228-237 (2001).</li><li>Van Etten, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studying+the+pathogenesis+of+BCR-ABL++leukemia+in+mice.">Studying the pathogenesis of BCR-ABL+ leukemia in mice.</a> Oncogene. 21, 8643-8651 (2002).</li></ol>

네 중요한 포인트는 좋은 바이러스 주식의 성공을 보장합니다 <ol><li> 293T 생산 세포들은 밀도에 도달 있도록, 그들은 매우 정기적인 일정에 따라 분할되었습니다 의미 매우 건강해야 자란 없었다면, 그리고 6cm 조직 문화 플레이트 당 3.5-5000000의 최적화된 밀도에 비쳐지게 만들려합니다 transfection의 아침에 접시의 80 %. </li><li> 셀 lysozomes을 안정화하고 핵에 도달 DNA의 분율을 증가하여 5 배 이상에 - chloroquine의 또한 약 3 transfection 효율 이후 바이러스 titer를 향상시킵니다. 나트륨 butyrate는 (다른 lysosome 안정제)도이 목적에 사용되고 있습니다. Chloroquine은 매체 7-11 시간을 변경하는 경우에는 생략할 수 있습니다. 이 시점에서 이후의 transfection이 필요하지 않습니다. </li><li> DNA의 품질은 매우 중요합니다. 벡터 및 포장 플라스미드 DNAs 모두의 정화의 선호하는 방법은 두 번 CsCl - ethidium의 브로마이드 부력 밀도 원심 분리에 의해 정화됩니다. 우리는 최소한 1 MG / ML하는 DNA의 농도를 같이하고, OD 280분의 260 비율은 1.75-1.90 사이 여야합니다. 저자의 손에, 결과가 좋다되지 않은,하지만 Qiagen - 정화의 DNA는 또한 작동합니다. 그것은 DNA 솔루션의 결합 볼륨이 인산 칼슘의 침전에 트리스와 EDTA (에틸렌 다이아 민 테트라 초산) (TE)의 악영향을 피하기 위해 (최종 ML 당 &lt;50 UL 합계) 작은 것이 중요합니다. </li><li> 포장 구조의 retroviral 벡터와 호스트 범위의 선택은 중요합니다. murine 조혈 줄기 세포에 안정적인 표현, myeloproliferative 육종 바이러스를 기반으로 벡터 좋습니다. 일반적인 벡터 백본은 MPSV 긴 터미널 반복 시퀀스, oncogene의 도입에 대한 여러 복제 사이트 및 향상된 녹색 형광 단백질 (eGFP)의 유전자에 연결된 스트림 내부 ribosome 항목 사이트를 포함, MIG RI입니다. 와 마우스 HSC, 바이러스의 전달을위한 ecotropic 호스트 범위는 최적이지만, 이러한 주식 physiologic 온도에서 불안정하고 원심 분리하여 농축 수 없습니다. </li></ol> 일부 체크 포인트 : 원하는 경우, 한 번 수확, 293 세포가 retroviral 벡터 (예를 들어, TK)에 의해 인코딩 단백질의 표현을 확인하는 immunoblotting을위한 단백질 lysates를 만들기 위해 사용할 수 있습니다. 우리는 또한 우리가 다른 접시의 표면에 뜨는를 수집할 경우 베타 여자 분석하여 transfection의 efficinecy를 확인 transfection의 시간 (아무 포장 벡터가 필요 없습니다)에서 별도의 플레이트에 플라스미드 LacZ 인코딩 제어를 사용합니다. 참고 :이 바이러스 제작에 사용되는 plasmids의 품질 전지 및 시약을 테스트하지만,하지 않습니다. 바이러스를 사용하기 전에, titer가 결정되어야합니다. 이것은 동일한 실험에서 서로 다른 바이러스 주식 titers 일치하고, 조혈 줄기 세포의 효율적 전달을 보장하기 위해 중요합니다.

transfection에 사용된 모든 시약은 멸균 - 필터링 (CaCl 2, 2X HBS, miliQ H 2 O)와 멸균 보관해야합니다.

production of replication-defective retrovirus by transient transfection of 293t cells

BCR - ABL 또는 성장 인자 수용체 - 파생 oncogenes (ZNF198 - FGFR1, BCR - PDGFRα 등) 같은 oncogenes에 의해 유도된 우리 연구실 연구 인간 myeloproliferative 질병. 우리는 이전에 관심 oncogene을 표현하는 레트로 바이러스에 감염된 골수 세포를 이식함으로써, 우리의 마우스 모델에서 인간과 같은 질병을 모델 공부하실 수 있습니다. 복제 - 결함이있는 레트로 바이러스 인간 oncogene을 인코딩 및 마커 (GFP, RFP, 항생제 저항 유전자 등) 293T 세포, 아데노 바이러스 E1A 유전자 제품에 의해 변형 인간 신장 상피 세포주를 사용하여 과도 transfection 프로토콜에 의해 만들어진 것입니다. 최대 쉽게 달성 50-80%의 transfection 효율을 가진 293 세포는 인산 칼슘 (카포 4)에 의해 높은 transfectable되는 독특한 속성을 가집니다. 여기, 우리는 관심의 oncogene과 같은 포장이 경우 켓 또는 PCL을 구성 단일 게놈 EcoPak 플라스미드로 재갈 - POL - 환경을 포장 기능을 표현하는 플라스미드을 표현 retroviral 벡터와 함께 293 세포를 transfect에게 공동. 초기 transfection은 더욱 chloroquine의 사용에 의해 향상됩니다. ecotropic 바이러스의 주식, 문화 뜨는 48 시간으로 수집. 포스트 transfection은, C는 ° -80에 저장된 그런 다음 마우스 모델에서 이식에 사용할 수있는 변화의보기에 체외 연구에서 세포 - 선, 또는 마우스 골수 세포와 같은 기본 세포의 감염 사용할 수 있습니다 .

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells at JoVE.com

Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells

이 기술은 인간의 oncogene을 인코딩 복제 - 결함 retroviral 주식을 준비하는 효율적인 방법을 보여줍니다, 그리고 이후 마우스 모델에 myeloproliferative 질병의 유도에 사용.

293T 세포의 과도 Transfection하여 복제 - 결함이 레트로 바이러스의 생산

Our lab studies human myeloproliferative diseases induced by such oncogenes as Bcr-Abl or growth factor receptor-derived oncogenes (ZNF198-FGFR1, ...

production-replication-defective-retrovirus-transient-transfection

Nanyang Technological University

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Biology

19.5K 조회수.  Tufts University. 이 기술은 인간의 oncogene을 인코딩 복제 - 결함 retroviral 주식을 준비하는 효율적인 방법을 보여줍니다, 그리고 이후 마우스 모델에 myeloproliferative 질병의 유도에 사용.

비디오: Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells

Gene-gun Transfection of Hippocampal Neurons

Hi, I'm Kma. I work in Case Lab at Brown University Clean Slicer stage with 70%ethanol. Place plate insert into six.Well plate with medium and incubate at 37 degree whole brain with tweezers between midbrain and four brainin. Isolate hippocampus on one side, isolate hippocampus from the second side. Place hippocampi onto A PBS drop.Aspirate out the PBS make sagittal sections using the tissue slicer. Repeat transfer slicers onto a perish by squatting with PBS wash sections by adding and aspirating PBS and medium gently. Separate sections with tweezers.Wash sections with PBS and media. Again, transfer sections onto the plate and insert. Aspirate out the media in sections using tweezers.Attach gene gun hose to the helium cylinder. Attach barrel to gene gun. Fill the magazine with bullets.Insert magazine into the Jing gun. Adjust the pressure on the helium tank shoot. EGFP coated beads onto the sections.And now.

Hippocampal 뉴런의 유전자 총을 Transfection

연구

생물학

A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells.

CD1 proteins constitute a third class of antigen-presenting molecules. They are cell surface glycoproteins, expressed as approximately 50-kDa glycosylated heavy chains that are noncovalently associated with beta2-microglobulin. They bind lipids rather than peptides. Although their structure confirms the similarity of CD1 proteins to MHC class I and class II antigen presenting molecules, the mCD1d groove is relatively narrow, deep, and highly hydrophobic and it has two binding pockets instead of the several shallow pockets described for the classical MHC-encoded antigen-presenting molecules. Based upon their amino acid sequences, such a hydrobphobic groove provides an ideal environment for the binding of lipid antigens. The Natural Killer T (NKT) cells use their TCR to recognize glycolipids bound to or presented by CD1d. T cells reactive to lipids presented by CD1 have been involved in the protection against autoimmune and infectious diseases and in tumor rejection. Thus, the ability to identify, purify , and track the response of CD1-reactive NKT cell is of great importance . The generation of tetramers of alpha Galactosyl ceramide (a-Galcer) with CD1d has significant insight into the biology of NKT cells. Tetramers constructed from other CD1 molecules have also been generated and these new reagents have greatly expanded the knowledge of the functions of lipid-reactive T cells, with potential use in monitoring the response to lipid-based vaccines and in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases and other treatments.

A Method to prepare Insect cells and infect them with baculovirus for the the purpose of production of recombinant mCD1d proteinand generating mCD1d tetramers.

곤충 세포에서 재조합 단백질의 생산 mCD1d하는 방법.

CD1 proteins constitute a third class of antigen-presenting molecules. They are cell surface glycoproteins, expressed as approximately 50-kDa glycosylated ...

Production of Transgenic Xenopus laevis by Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration and Nuclear Transplantation

Stable integration of cloned gene products into the Xenopus genome is necessary to control the time and place of expression, to express genes at later stages of embryonic development, and to define how enhancers and promoters regulate gene expression within the embryo. The protocol demonstrated here can be used to efficiently produce transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos. This transgenesis approach involves three parts: 1. Sperm nuclei are isolated from adult X. laevis testis by treatment with lysolecithin, which permeabilizes the sperm plasma membrane. 2. Egg extract is prepared by low speed centrifugation, addition of calcium to cause the extract to progress to interphase of the cell cycle, and a high-speed centrifugation to isolate interphase cytosol. 3. Nuclear transplantation: the nuclei and extract are combined with the linearized plasmid DNA to be introduced as the transgene and a small amount of restriction enzyme. During a short reaction, egg extract partially decondenses the sperm chromatin and the restriction enzyme generates chromosomal breaks that promote recombination of the transgene into the genome. The treated sperm nuclei are then transplanted into unfertilized eggs. Integration of the transgene usually occurs prior to the first embryonic cleavage such that the resulting embryos are not chimeric. These embryos can be analyzed without any need to breed to the next generation, allowing for efficient and rapid generation of transgenic embryos for analyses of promoter and gene function. Adult X. laevis resulting from this procedure also propagate the transgene through the germline and can be used to generate lines of transgenic animals for multiple purposes.

Production of Transgenic Xenopus laevis by Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration and Nuclear Transplantation

This video protocol demonstrates a method for generating transgenic Xenopus laevis by introduction of transgenes into sperm nuclei followed by nuclear transplantation into unfertilized eggs.

트렌스 제닉 생산 Xenopus laevis 제한 효소 중재 통합 및 핵 이식에 의해

Stable integration of cloned gene products into the Xenopus genome is necessary to control the time and place of expression, to express genes at later ...

Optimized Transfection Strategy for Expression and Electrophysiological Recording of Recombinant Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in HEK-293T Cells

The in vitro expression and electrophysiological recording of recombinant voltage-gated ion channels in cultured human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T) is a ubiquitous research strategy. HEK-293T cells must be plated onto glass coverslips at low enough density so that they are not in contact with each other in order to allow for electrophysiological recording without confounding effects due to contact with adjacent cells. Transfected channels must also express with high efficiency at the plasma membrane for whole-cell patch clamp recording of detectable currents above noise levels. Heterologous ion channels often require long incubation periods at 28&deg;C after transfection in order to achieve adequate membrane expression, but there are increasing losses of cell-coverslip adhesion and membrane stability at this temperature. To circumvent this problem, we developed an optimized strategy to transfect and plate HEK-293T cells. This method requires that cells be transfected at a relatively high confluency, and incubated at 28&deg;C for varying incubation periods post-transfection to allow for adequate ion channel protein expression. Transfected cells are then plated onto glass coverslips and incubated at 37&deg;C for several hours, which allows for rigid cell attachment to the coverslips and membrane restabilization. Cells can be recorded shortly after plating, or can be transferred to 28&deg;C for further incubation. We find that the initial incubation at 28&deg;C, after transfection but before plating, is key for the efficient expression of heterologous ion channels that normally do not express well at the plasma membrane. Positively transfected, cultured cells are identified by co-expressed eGFP or eGFP expressed from a bicistronic vector (e.g. pIRES2-EGFP) containing the recombinant ion channel cDNA just upstream of an internal ribosome entry site and an eGFP coding sequence. Whole-cell patch clamp recording requires specialized equipment, plus the crafting of polished recording electrodes and L-shaped ground electrodes from borosilicate glass. Drug delivery to study the pharmacology of ion channels can be achieved by directly micropipetting drugs into the recording dish, or by using microperfusion or gravity flow systems that produce uninterrupted streams of drug solution over recorded cells.

Reliable method for highly efficient in vitro expression and subsequent electrophysiological recording of recombinant voltage-gated ion channels in cultured human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T).

표현과 HEK - 293T 세포의 재조합 전압 - 게이 티드 이온 채널 Electrophysiological 녹음에 최적화된 Transfection 전략

The in vitro expression and electrophysiological recording of recombinant voltage-gated ion channels in cultured human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T) ...

In vitro Transcription and Capping of Gaussia Luciferase mRNA Followed by HeLa Cell Transfection

In vitro transcription is the synthesis of RNA transcripts by RNA polymerase from a linear DNA template containing the corresponding promoter sequence (T7, T3, SP6) and the gene to be transcribed (Figure 1A). A typical transcription reaction consists of the template DNA, RNA polymerase, ribonucleotide triphosphates, RNase inhibitor and buffer containing Mg2+ ions.
Large amounts of high quality RNA are often required for a variety of applications. Use of in vitro transcription has been reported for RNA structure and function studies such as splicing1, RNAi experiments in mammalian cells2, antisense RNA amplification by the "Eberwine method"3, microarray analysis4 and for RNA vaccine studies5. The technique can also be used for producing radiolabeled and dye labeled probes6. Warren, et al. recently reported reprogramming of human cells by transfection with in vitro transcribed capped RNA7. The T7 High Yield RNA Synthesis Kit from New England Biolabs has been designed to synthesize up to 180 &mu;g RNA per 20 &mu;l reaction. RNA of length up to 10kb has been successfully transcribed using this kit. Linearized plasmid DNA, PCR products and synthetic DNA oligonucleotides can be used as templates for transcription as long as they have the T7 promoter sequence upstream of the gene to be transcribed.
Addition of a 5' end cap structure to the RNA is an important process in eukaryotes. It is essential for RNA stability8, efficient translation9, nuclear transport10 and splicing11. The process involves addition of a 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5' triphosphate end of the RNA. RNA capping can be carried out post-transcriptionally using capping enzymes or co-transcriptionally using cap analogs. In the enzymatic method, the mRNA is capped using the Vaccinia virus capping enzyme12,13. The enzyme adds on a 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5' end of the RNA using GTP and S-adenosyl methionine as donors (cap 0 structure). Both methods yield functionally active capped RNA suitable for transfection or other applications14 such as generating viral genomic RNA for reverse-genetic systems15 and crystallographic studies of cap binding proteins such as eIF4E16.
In the method described below, the T7 High Yield RNA Synthesis Kit from NEB is used to synthesize capped and uncapped RNA transcripts of Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) and Cypridina luciferase (CLuc). A portion of the uncapped GLuc RNA is capped using the Vaccinia Capping System (NEB). A linearized plasmid containing the GLuc or CLuc gene and T7 promoter is used as the template DNA. The transcribed RNA is transfected into HeLa cells and cell culture supernatants are assayed for luciferase activity. Capped CLuc RNA is used as the internal control to normalize GLuc expression.

In vitro Transcription and Capping of Gaussia Luciferase mRNA Followed by HeLa Cell Transfection

This method describes high yield in vitro synthesis of both capped and uncapped mRNA from a linearized plasmid containing the Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) gene. The RNA is purified and a fraction of the uncapped RNA is enzymatically capped using the Vaccinia virus capping enzyme. In the final step, the mRNA is transfected into HeLa cells and cell culture supernatants are assayed for luciferase activity.

HELA 세포 Transfection 얹는 Gaussia의 루시페라제의 mRNA의 시험 관내 스크립트 작성 및 상한에

In vitro transcription is the synthesis of RNA transcripts by RNA polymerase from a linear DNA template containing the corresponding promoter sequence ...

Protein Transfection of Mouse Lung

Increasing protein expression enables researchers to better understand the functional role of that protein in regulating key biological processes1. In the lung, this has been achieved typically through genetic approaches that utilize transgenic mice2,3 or viral or non-viral vectors that elevate protein levels via increased gene expression4. Transgenic mice are costly and time-consuming to generate and the random insertion of a transgene or chronic gene expression can alter normal lung development and thus limit the utility of the model5. While conditional transgenics avert problems associated with chronic gene expression6, the reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator (rtTA) mice, which are used to generate conditional expression, develop spontaneous air space enlargement7. As with transgenics, the use of viral and non-viral vectors is expensive8 and can provoke dose-dependent inflammatory responses that confound results9 and hinder expression10. Moreover, the efficacy of repeated doses are limited by enhanced immune responses to the vector11,12. Researchers are developing adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors that provoke less inflammation and have longer expression within the lung13.
Using &beta;-galactosidase, we present a method for rapidly and effectively increasing protein expression within the lung using a direct protein transfection technique. This protocol mixes a fixed amount of purified protein with 20 &mu;l of a lipid-based transfection reagent (Pro-Ject, Pierce Bio) to allow penetration into the lung tissue itself. The liposomal protein mixture is then injected into the lungs of the mice via the trachea using a microsprayer (Penn Century, Philadelphia, PA). The microsprayer generates a fine plume of liquid aerosol throughout the lungs. Using the technique we have demonstrated uniform deposition of the injected protein throughout the airways and the alveoli of mice14. The lipid transfection technique allows the use of a small amount of protein to achieve effect. This limits the inflammatory response that otherwise would be provoked by high protein administration. Indeed, using this technique we published that we were able to significantly increase PP2A activity in the lung without affecting lung lavage cellularity15. Lung lavage cellularity taken 24 hr after challenge was comparable to controls (27&plusmn;4 control vs. 31&plusmn;5 albumin transfected; N=6 per group). Moreover, it increases protein levels without inducing lung developmental changes or architectural changes that can occur in transgenic models. However, the need for repeated administrations may make this technique less favorable for studies examining the effects of long-term increases in protein expression. This would be particularly true for proteins with short half-lives.

Transgenic mice or viral vectors have been used to increase protein expression within the lung. However, these techniques are time-consuming, technically challenging and have off-target effects that can confound results. Our protein transfection protocol uses a lipid based transfection reagent and an ultrafine microsprayer to uniformly deliver active protein to lung cells.

마우스 폐의 단백질 형질

Increasing protein expression enables researchers to  better understand the functional role of that protein in regulating key  biological processes1. In ...

Optimization and Utilization of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Protein Production in Nicotiana

Agrobacterium-mediated transient protein production in plants is a promising approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins within a short period of time. However, this technology is only just beginning to be applied to large-scale production as many technological obstacles to scale up are now being overcome. Here, we demonstrate a simple and reproducible method for industrial-scale transient protein production based on vacuum infiltration of Nicotiana plants with Agrobacteria carrying launch vectors. Optimization of Agrobacterium cultivation in AB medium allows direct dilution of the bacterial culture in Milli-Q water, simplifying the infiltration process. Among three tested species of Nicotiana, N. excelsiana (N. benthamiana &#215; N. excelsior) was selected as the most promising host due to the ease of infiltration, high level of reporter protein production, and about two-fold higher biomass production under controlled environmental conditions. Induction of Agrobacterium harboring pBID4-GFP (Tobacco mosaic virus-based) using chemicals such as acetosyringone and monosaccharide had no effect on the protein production level. Infiltrating plant under 50 to 100 mbar for 30 or 60 sec resulted in about 95% infiltration of plant leaf tissues. Infiltration with Agrobacterium laboratory strain GV3101 showed the highest protein production compared to Agrobacteria laboratory strains LBA4404 and C58C1 and wild-type Agrobacteria strains at6, at10, at77 and A4. Co-expression of a viral RNA silencing suppressor, p23 or p19, in N. benthamiana resulted in earlier accumulation and increased production (15-25%) of target protein (influenza virus hemagglutinin).

Optimization and Utilization of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Protein Production in Nicotiana

Transient protein production in Nicotiana plants based on vacuum infiltration with Agrobacteria carrying launch vectors (Tobacco mosaic virus-based) is a rapid and economic approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins. We simplified the procedure and improved target accumulation by optimizing conditions of bacteria cultivation, selecting host species, and co-introducing RNA silencing suppressors.

최적화 및 활용<em&gt; 아그로 박테 리움</em에서&gt; 매개 과도 단백질 생산<em&gt;는 담배</em

Agrobacterium-mediated transient protein production in plants is a promising approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins within a short ...

Transient Expression of Proteins by Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery in Mice

Efficient expression of transgenes in vivo is of critical importance in studying gene function and developing treatments for diseases. Over the past years, hydrodynamic gene delivery (HGD) has emerged as a simple, fast, safe and effective method for delivering transgenes into rodents. This technique relies on the force generated by the rapid injection of a large volume of physiological solution to increase the permeability of cell membranes of perfused organs and thus deliver DNA into cells. One of the main advantages of HGD is the ability to introduce transgenes into mammalian cells using naked plasmid DNA (pDNA). Introducing an exogenous gene using a plasmid is minimally laborious, highly efficient and, contrary to viral carriers, remarkably safe. HGD was initially used to deliver genes into mice, it is now used to deliver a wide range of substances, including oligonucleotides, artificial chromosomes, RNA, proteins and small molecules into mice, rats and, to a limited degree, other animals. This protocol describes HGD in mice and focuses on three key aspects of the method that are critical to performing the procedure successfully: correct insertion of the needle into the vein, the volume of injection and the speed of delivery. Examples are given to show the application of this method to the transient expression of two genes that encode secreted, primate-specific proteins, apolipoprotein L-I (APOL-I) and haptoglobin-related protein (HPR).

In vivo transfection of naked DNA by hydrodynamic gene delivery introduces genes into the tissue of an animal with minimal inflammatory response. Sufficient amounts of gene product are generated such that gene function and regulation as well as protein structure and function can be analyzed.

마우스의 수력 학적 유전자 전달에 의한 단백질의 일시적 발현

Efficient expression of transgenes in vivo is of critical importance in studying gene function and developing treatments for diseases. Over the past ...

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the turnover of all mature blood cell lineages. The coordination of the complex signals leading to specific HSC fates relies upon the interaction between HSCs and the intricate bone marrow microenvironment, which is still poorly understood[1-2].
We describe how by combining a newly developed specimen holder for stable animal positioning with multi-step confocal and two-photon in vivo imaging techniques, it is possible to obtain high-resolution 3D stacks containing HSPCs and their surrounding niches and to monitor them over time through multi-point time-lapse imaging. High definition imaging allows detecting ex vivo labeled hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) residing within the bone marrow. Moreover, multi-point time-lapse 3D imaging, obtained with faster acquisition settings, provides accurate information about HSPC movement and the reciprocal interactions between HSPCs and stroma cells.
Tracking of HSPCs in relation to GFP positive osteoblastic cells is shown as an exemplary application of this method. This technique can be utilized to track any appropriately labeled hematopoietic or stromal cell of interest within the mouse calvarium bone marrow space.

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

The nature of the interactions between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and bone marrow niches is poorly understood. Custom hardware modifications and a multi-step acquisition protocol allow the use of two-photon and confocal microscopy to image ex vivo labeled HSPCs homed within bone marrow areas, tracking interactions and movement.

성인 마우스 두개골 골수에서 조혈 줄기 및 전구 세포의 생체 내 4 차원 추적에서

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...

Production of Haploid Zebrafish Embryos by In Vitro Fertilization

The zebrafish has become a mainstream vertebrate model that is relevant for many disciplines of scientific study. Zebrafish are especially well suited for forward genetic analysis of developmental processes due to their external fertilization, embryonic size, rapid ontogeny, and optical clarity &#8211; a constellation of traits that enable the direct observation of events ranging from gastrulation to organogenesis with a basic stereomicroscope. Further, zebrafish embryos can survive for several days in the haploid state. The production of haploid embryos in vitro is a powerful tool for mutational analysis, as it enables the identification of recessive mutant alleles present in first generation (F1) female carriers following mutagenesis in the parental (P) generation. This approach eliminates the necessity to raise multiple generations (F2, F3, etc.) which involves breeding of mutant families, thus saving the researcher time along with reducing the needs for zebrafish colony space, labor, and the husbandry costs. Although zebrafish have been used to conduct forward screens for the past several decades, there has been a steady expansion of transgenic and genome editing tools. These tools now offer a plethora of ways to create nuanced assays for next generation screens that can be used to further dissect the gene regulatory networks that drive vertebrate ontogeny. Here, we describe how to prepare haploid zebrafish embryos. This protocol can be implemented for novel future haploid screens, such as in enhancer and suppressor screens, to address the mechanisms of development for a broad number of processes and tissues that form during early embryonic stages.

Production of Haploid Zebrafish Embryos by In Vitro Fertilization

The zebrafish is a powerful model system for developmental biology and human disease research due to their genetic similarity with higher vertebrates. This protocol describes a methodology to create haploid zebrafish embryos that can be utilized for forward screen strategies to identify recessive mutations in genes essential for early embryogenesis.

반수체 제브라 피쉬 배아의 생산에 의해<em&gt; 체외</em&gt; 시비

The zebrafish has become a mainstream vertebrate model that is relevant for many disciplines of scientific study. Zebrafish are especially well suited for ...

293T 세포의 과도 Transfection하여 복제 - 결함이 레트로 바이러스의 생산

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