この作品は、NIH/ネイ (R01EY023962)、NIH/NICHD (R01HD082098)、RPB スタイン ・ イノベーション ・ アワードのメリーランド州の幹細胞研究基金 (2014-MSCRFE-0742 2018-MSCRFV-4048)、ノボ ノルディスク科学フォーラム賞、モーズリー財団からの助成金によって支えられました。

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生命技術とジョンズ ・ ホプキンス大学 (JHU) との間のライセンス契約の下で博士・ ザンビディス幹細胞のライセンスのための大学によって受信料の共有する権利があります。この整理の用語は、その利益相反ポリシーに従ってビジネスキャリーによって管理されます。これは、共有データと材料にジャーナル ポリシーへの著者の付着は変わりません。

LIF 3 i システムは、ひと多能性幹細胞に古典的なマウス 2i 素朴な復帰カクテル1の修正版を適用されます。(これは 2 i だけで展開できない) hPSC の自己更新タンキラーゼ阻害剤 XAV939 とこのカクテルを補うことで LIF 2i で安定させます。LIF 3i 文化では、バルクと人間着床前胚盤葉上層3のような多能性の状態に従来の hPSC の効率的な帰属をことができます。HPSC の XAV939 の作用機序が可能性があります複雑な彼らは可能性が最低でも、重要な安定化と WNT シグナル伝達経路3を介して hPSC の自己更新の増強に含める 2i 相乗効果。
従来の hPSC 文化は通常高い変数系列プライミング遺伝子発現と矛盾または減少された機能性多能性2 可能性があります着床後胚盤葉上層のエピゲノム多能性の状態のスペクトルを採用します。.従来 hPSC 文化のこの固有の系統のプライミングは、いくつかの hPSC ライン2の成功の LIF 3i 復帰を妨げる可能性も。ただし、LIF 3i メソッドで最初の LIF 5i 適応ステップ (表 1) の包含は普遍的に hPSC 線の多数の間で LIF 3i 復帰の効率を広げるし、方法で従来の hPSC ラインの一括素朴な返還を促進します。退屈なピッキングと珍しい素朴な復帰コロニーまたは彼らの生存率を安定させるためにルーチンの抗アポトーシス分子の使用の必要性の subcloning を回避できます。
LIF-5i-3 i の LIF 素朴な復帰方法は、幅広い hESC とによる線で再現できます。基本の細胞培養技術で最小限のトレーニングを必要とします。Zimmerlinらは正常に戻りますこの逐次方式を採用 > 30 の独立した hESC とドナー 3の広い配列から遺伝子無料によるライン。LIF-5i (図 1) の単一通路は一括 hPSC 文化で効率的な素朴な復帰を経るし、その後の安定した保守と LIF-3 i だけの拡大の進展するほとんどの hPSC ラインに十分です。
さらに、LIF-3 i/MEF システムは完成した世間知らずのような hPSC の復帰までリネージュ プライミング従来 hPSC 文化の間の階段すべて全体の堅牢な一括クローン性増殖効率をサポート (すなわち、適応、。変遷と LIF-3 i/MEF だけで 7-10 通路の拡張)。この文化システムの現行の処方には、フィーダーのサポートが必要ですが、プレめっきによる LIF 3i 文化の分析のための送り装置を破壊するシンプルかつ手頃な手法を提案する (図 2)。
システムは、同じような世間知らずのような多能性を従来の hPSC を促進するために報告されている他の複数の文化の状態2。これらの hPSC 文化システムも、古典的なマウスの素朴な 2i 条件の使用率に依存している、ほとんどの場合これらの単一セルの passaging メソッドも必要追加化学変調本質的に不安定を安定させるため/準安定の人間の素朴な状態。重要なは、これらのメソッドのほとんどを示した次の分化障害の機能的な多能性および/または得られた異常なエピゲノム出版社または染色体2。従来のプライム hPSC 文化の中で染色体異常の出現はすでによく記載19、延長、酵素的単一細胞継方法最も素朴な復帰方法で日常的に採用されています。これはまた、異常染色体構成20,21の世代を増強する示されています。敏感な技術 (例えばコピー数変異、一塩基多型) は、追加変更22,23を明らかにするかもしれない。
対照的に、LIF 3i 戻す hPSC ラインの幅広いレパートリーは、正常核型低中通路 (例えばp5-p15) で、高い通路番号を所有する確認された (e.g。、> p30) 次の LIF 3i 文化3。さらに、LIF 3i 戻った hPSC のエピゲノムの出版社では、5-10 の通路ポスト LIF 3i 復帰2で再現性をもって通常とそのままを発見されました。機密性の高い対立遺伝子特定商業メチル化アレイ プラットフォームを使用して、それ以前を示した LIF 3i 戻す hPSC ライン (LIF 3 i で 4-7 節) の幅広いレパートリーの捺印された遺伝子の CpG メチル化マークが肉眼的に発見されました。構造1の通常。前提条件となるガイドライン hPSC 文化を検証する前に、これを使用して、単純な復帰後に研究者を奨励するこのプロトコルで輪郭を描かれたゲノム異常の印影と染色体は最終的に hPSC の機能を損なう可能性があります、ので方法他と同様。
LIF 3i メソッドは、悪名高くと非組み換えによる線 (図 3) の大規模なレパートリーで胚芽層にわたって機能多能性を改善しました。LIF 3i メソッドは、素朴な復帰の他のプロトコルとは異なりないN hPSC の後続の差別化のため再プライミングの手順を必要とする (すなわち、 N hPSC で、使用前に従来のプライミング条件に変換する監督分化の試金)。LIF 3i 戻った N hPSC 両方奇形試金 (図 3D) に同質の従来の hPSC よりはるかに効率的分化能力を表示し、すべての系統の分化プロトコルを指示3 つの胚葉2。試金依存のため、インター ラインの従来の hPSC の機能テストの変化、独立した分化プロトコルと複数の遺伝的背景から派生した hPSC を使用して特定の系統分化を評価すべき。慎重な実験的なデザインを使用して、LIF 3i 条件 4-10 通路、次の同質従来の同等と比較される、多能の分化効率を大幅に向上させる hPSC ラインの広い配列が期待できます。
要約すると、このメソッド急速とクローン拡大人間数 PSC、向上の下流の分化効率増加次の分化系譜コミット前駆細胞数とインター ライン変動の減少従来、リネージュ先読み hPSC 系統。改良された機能を持つこれらの N hPSC さらにその潜在的な胚に機能的な組織に貢献する全体への影響があります。たとえば、安定した N hESC は移植臓器および動物のキメラの開発に成体幹細胞の開発にまたは病気のヒトの遺伝子をターゲットとした動物モデルを生成するために使用されるかもしれない。タンキラーゼ阻害剤活用 LIF 3 i でこのメソッドのさらなる最適化定義フィーダー無料 GMP 準拠の機能および engraftable 細胞型の広い配列の効率的な臨床的に有用な生成を容易にする、培養条件治療上の使用。

2i (MEK/ERK と GSK3β 阻害剤) 文化システムはマウス着床前胚盤葉上層1と同類の多能性の基底状態の制服に異種血清を用いたマウス胚性幹細胞 (mESC) 文化を絞り込むに元々 開発されました。ただし、2 i は、ひと多能性幹細胞 (hPSC) 線2の維持安定をサポートしません。様々 な成長因子の添加、複合体の小さい分子や形質推定をキャプチャする報告されている最近似たような人間のような素朴な多能性分子状態2。ただしもこれらのメソッドで作成された「世間知らずのような」状態の多くは核型不安定性、エピゲノム欠陥 (親ゲノムインプリンティングの例えば、グローバル損失) を展示や分化の障害。
コントラスト、トリプルの化学的阻害剤 GSK3β、ERK およびタンキラーゼ シグナリングのカクテルと白血病抑制因子 (LIF 3 i) は従来の hPSC ライン3の幅広いレパートリーの安定した世間知らずのような復帰のため十分でした。LIF 3i 戻す素朴な hPSC (N hPSC) 正常核型を維持し、素朴な固有人間着床前胚盤葉上層の遺伝子の表現を増加した (e.g.,NANOG、 KLF2 NR5A2、DNMT3L、HERVH、ステラ (DPPA3)、 KLF17、 TFCP2L1)。MESC のような素朴な多能性リン酸化 STAT3 シグナリング増加含まれて、ERK のリン酸化、グローバル 5-メチルシトシン CpG を減少するユニークな分子および生化学的な特性の配列と LIF 3i 復帰も授与 hPSC低いメチル化、胚性幹細胞 (ESC) のゲノム広い CpG メチル-特定の遺伝子の促進者と支配的な遠位 OCT4 エンハンサー使用。また、他の世間知らずと比較して異常 hypomethylated の結果返還方法刻印ゲノム遺伝子座, LIF 3i 戻った N hPSC 刻印 CpG パターンの体系や DNA メチルトランスフェラーゼ式の損失を欠いている (などDNMT3A、DNMT1 DNMT3B)3。
従来ヒト胚性幹細胞 (hESC)、ひと誘導多能性幹細胞 (こと) の送り装置か E8 フィーダー無料条件で栽培の広範な配列の直接 LIF 3i 文化は、素朴な鱗のような状態に迅速かつ一括返還を実現しました。ただし、直接 LIF 3 i 素朴な返還が遺伝的多様なドナーの背景から生じる固有のゲノムとリネージュ プライミングの変動のためのいくつかの不安定な従来の hPSC ラインで効率的にあります。
したがって、LIF 3i 手法の有用性を広げるため開発された段階的最適化と記載はほぼ従来 hESC や無料の遺伝子によるラインと普遍的な素朴な復帰をフィーダーに培養可能します。このじっさい素朴な復帰メソッドが 2 つ追加小さな分子 (LIF-5i) プロテインキナーゼ (フォルスコリン) とソニック ・ ザ ・ ヘッジホッグ (sHH) (増強と LIF 3i カクテルを補足する従来の hPSC の一時的な初期文化ステップを採用していますpurmorphamine) 信号。LIF-5i で従来の hPSC の 1 つの初期の通路はバルク量でその後の安定した LIF 3i 復帰にそれらを適応させます。初期の LIF 5i 適応は、E8 または送り装置 (LIF-3 i だけでその後安定的、連続的な通路) の前に上に成長した従来の hPSC の初期の単一細胞のクローン増殖を大幅強化します。適応従来の hPSC ライン最初 LIF 5i で 1 つの通路に耐える以降一括クローン継 LIF 3i 条件で素朴な戻す細胞のまれな安定したコロニーのルーチンの使用の subcloning を選択しする必要がなくなります、抗アポトーシス分子または Rho 関連タンパク質キナーゼ (ロック) 阻害剤。
LIF 3i メソッドを正常に安定して拡大し、幅広いレパートリーを維持に雇われている > の 30 の独立した、遺伝的に多様な従来の hPSC ライン > 非酵素または酵素の解離のいずれを使用して 10-30 通路と染色体の誘導の証拠なしやエピゲノム異常、インプリント遺伝子の遺伝子異常を含みます。さらに、シーケンシャルの LIF 5i/LIF 3i 文化はリネージュ プライミング遺伝子発現を減少させることによって従来の hPSC ラインの幅広いレパートリーの機能的な多能性を向上させるだけの素朴な復帰方法これまで報告されているとその多能性分化能が大幅に向上。素朴な復帰メソッドの LIF 3i 消去固有インター ラインの血統で、プライミング、従来の hPSC ラインの分化の変動と再生医療と細胞療法のアプリケーションの偉大なユーティリティ。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1024px;" width="1023">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti- SSEA-1/CD15 antibody, APC conjugated</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">561716</td>
			<td style="width:371px;">use 5&#181;L per assay (FACS)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti- TFCP2L1 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HPA029708</td>
			<td>use at a 1:100 dilution (immunostainings)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-beta-Actin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ab6276</td>
			<td>use at 1:5000 (Western blot)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-CD146 antibody,&#160; PE conjugated&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">550315</td>
			<td>use 5&#181;L per assay (FACS)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-CD31 antibody, APC conjugated</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17-0319-42</td>
			<td>use 2&#181;L per assay (FACS)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-CD31 microbead kit</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">130-091-935</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-NANOG antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ab109250</td>
			<td>use at a 1:100 dilution (immunostainings)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-NR5A2 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HPA005455</td>
			<td>use at a 1:100 dilution (immunostainings)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Cell Signaling</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4695</td>
			<td>use at 1:1000 (Western blot), for detection of total protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">anti-phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Cell Signaling</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4370</td>
			<td>use at 1:1000 (Western blot)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705) antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Cell Signaling</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9145</td>
			<td>use at 1:1000 (Western blot)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-rabbit immunoglobulin antibody, biotinylated</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E0432</td>
			<td>use at a 1:500-1:1000 dilution (immunostainings)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-SSEA-4 antibody, APC conjugated&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">R&#38;D System</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FAB1435A</td>
			<td>use 5&#181;L per assay (FACS)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-SSEA-4 GloLIVE antibody, NL493 conjugated</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">R&#38;D System</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NLLC1435G</td>
			<td>use at 1:50 dilution (live and fixed immunostainings)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-STAT3 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Cell Signaling</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9139</td>
			<td>use at 1:1000 (Western blot), for detection of total protein</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-STELLA/DPPA3 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MAB4388</td>
			<td>use at a 1:50 dilution (immunostainings)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-TRA-1-60 GloLIVE antibody, NL557 conjugated&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">R&#38;D System</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NLLC4770R</td>
			<td>use at&#160; a 1:50 dilution (live and fixed immunostainings)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">anti-TRA-1-60 StainAlive Antibody, DyLight 488 conjugated</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Stemgent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">09-0068</td>
			<td>use at a 1:100 dilution (live and fixed immunostainings)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">anti-TRA-1-81 StainAlive Antibody, DyLight 488 conjugated</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Stemgent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">09-0069</td>
			<td>use at a 1:100 dilution (live and fixed immunostainings)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-TRA1-60 antibody, PE conjugated</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">560193</td>
			<td>use 10&#181;L per assay (FACS)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">anti-TRA1-81 antibody, PE conjugated</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">560161</td>
			<td>use 10&#181;L per assay (FACS)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">APEL2-Li</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">StemCell Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5271</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A3311</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">CellAdhere dilution buffer</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">StemCell Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7183</td>
			<td>dilutent for Vitronectin XF&#8482; matrix</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">CF1 mouse</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Charles river</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">CHIR99021</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">R&#38;D System</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">L5283</td>
			<td>reconstitute at 100mM in DMSO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">confocal microscope system</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">LSM 510</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">cord blood CD34+ derived iPSC line</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A18945</td>
			<td>also referred as 6.2 line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Corning Costar tissue culture-treated 6-well plates</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">Countess&#160; cell counting chamber slide</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C10228</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Countess automated cell counter</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AMQAX1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">DMEM (Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11995-065</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">DMEM-F12</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11330-032</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D2650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">DR4 mouse</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">3208</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Essential 8 (E8) medium</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">StemCell Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5940</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">Fetal bovin serum (FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SH30071.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Forskolin</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Stemgent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">04-0025</td>
			<td>reconstitute at 100mM in DMSO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Gelatin (porcine)</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G1890-100G</td>
			<td>resuspend in water and sterilize with an autoclave</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">KnockOut Serum Replacement</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10828-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">L-Glutamine (100X)</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25030-081</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">MEM Non-essential amino acid (MEM NEAA) (100X)</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11140-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">mTeSR1 medium</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">StemCell Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">85850</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">Nalgene cryogenic vials</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5000-0020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Nunc Lab-Tek II Chamber Slide System</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">154534</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Paraformaldehyde (PFA) solution , 4% in PBS</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">USB Corporation&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">19943</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">PD0325901</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PZ0162</td>
			<td>reconstitute at 100mM in DMSO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">Penicillin/streptomycin (10,000 U/mL)</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Biological Industries</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">02-023-1A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Purmorphamine</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Stemgent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">04-0009</td>
			<td>reconstitute at 10mM in DMSO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">recombinant human Activin A</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Peprotech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AF-120-14E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">recombinant human Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Peprotech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">120-05ET</td>
			<td>resupend at 100ug/mL in 0.1% bovine serum albumin in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">recombinant human FGF-basic (bFGF)</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Peprotech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100-18B</td>
			<td>resupend at 100ug/mL in 0.1% bovine serum albumin in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">recombinant human LIF</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Peprotech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">300-05</td>
			<td>resupend at 100ug/mL in 0.1% bovine serum albumin in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">SB431542&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Stemgent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">04-0010-05</td>
			<td>reconstitute at 100mM in DMSO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Stemolecule Y27632 in Solution</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Stemgent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">04-0012-02</td>
			<td>ROCK inhibitor in solution (10mM)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">StemPro Accutase Cell Dissociation Reagent</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A11105-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Streptavidin-Cy3 conjugate</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S6402</td>
			<td>use at 1:500-1:1000 dilution (immunostainings)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">Thermo Scientific Mr. Frosty Freezing Container</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5100-0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-165</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Peprotech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100-21</td>
			<td>resupend at 100ug/mL in 0.1% bovine serum albumin in PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">Vitronectin XF matrix</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">StemCell Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7180</td>
			<td>dilute at 40&#181;L/mL in CellAdhere&#8482; dilution buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:373px;">XAV939</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">X3004</td>
			<td>reconstitute at 100mM in DMSO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:373px;">&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21985-023</td>
			<td>light sensitive</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

chemical reversion of conventional human pluripotent stem cells to a na&#239;ve-like state with improved multilineage differentiation potency

素朴なひと多能性幹細胞 (N hPSC) 機能改善された再生医療全体への影響があります。このプロトコルの目的は、効率的にリネージュ プライミング、従来人間多能性幹細胞 (hPSC) を機能改善された世間知らずのような多能性フィーダー無料またはフィーダーに依存した条件で保持される元に戻すです。復帰するこの化学世間知らずの手法では古典的な白血病抑制因子 (LIF)、GSK3β、MEK/ERK 抑制がカクテル (LIF 2 i) の時にタンキラーゼ阻害剤 XAV939 のみと補われる (LIF 3 i)。LIF 3i 生化学的解析、転写を採用し安定した多能性状態と人間着床前胚盤葉上層のエピジェネティックな機能を従来の hPSC を元に戻します。この LIF 3i メソッドは、ヒト胚性幹細胞 (hESC) と transgene 無料ひと誘導多能性幹細胞 (による) 線の広いレパートリーの中で再現性の高い最小限細胞培養操作が必要です。LIF 3i 方法では分化; 前に再プライミングの手順は必要ありません。N hPSC は非常に高い効率を直接区別できる保守核型とエピゲノム安定性 (捺印された遺伝子を含む)。、法の普遍性を向上させるため、従来の hPSC は蛋白質キナーゼ (フォルスコリン) とソニック ・ ザ ・ ヘッジホッグ (sHH) (purmorphamine) (LIF-5i) のシグナルを増強する 2 つの追加小分子添加 LIF 3i カクテルで培養最初。この簡単な LIF 5i 適応ステップ大幅に従来の hPSC の初期のクローン性増殖を強化し、LIF-3i バルク量で一人でこうしてピッキング/subcloning 珍しい N-hPSC のための必要があるとその後素朴な復帰することができるようにその後の植民地。LIF 5i 安定 hPSCs その後に保持されます LIF 3i 抗アポトーシス分子を必要とせず単独で。最も重要なは、LIF 3i 復帰は著しくリネージュ プライミング遺伝子発現を減少させると分化のインター ライン変動をよく消去によって向上従来 hPSC の幅広いレパートリーの機能的な多能性独立した hPSC ラインの中で観察。LIF 3i 戻った N hPSC の代表的な特徴は、リネージュ プライミング対同質遺伝子 hPSC の機能比較のため、そして実験的戦略です。素朴なような状態のとおりです。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a NaÃƒÂ¯ve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency at JoVE.com

Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Na&#239;ve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

効率的な一括、および急速な化学復帰従来系列プライミングひと多能性幹細胞 (hPSC) の epigenomically 安定した素朴な着床前胚盤葉上層のような多能性状態にするためのプロトコルを提案します。このメソッド結果減少系統プライミング遺伝子発現と分化多能でマーク付きの改善で従来の hPSC ラインの幅広いレパートリー。

従来のひと多能性幹細胞の向上多能分化と素朴なような状態の復帰化学

Na&#239;ve human pluripotent stem cells (N-hPSC) with improved functionality may have a wide impact in regenerative medicine. The goal of this protocol is ...

chemical-reversion-conventional-human-pluripotent-stem-cells-to-nave

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

9.8K ビュー.  Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. 効率的な一括、および急速な化学復帰従来系列プライミングひと多能性幹細胞 (hPSC) の epigenomically 安定した素朴な着床前胚盤葉上層のような多能性状態にするためのプロトコルを提案します。このメソッド結果減少系統プライミング遺伝子発現と分化多能でマーク付きの改善で従来の hPSC ラインの幅広いレパートリー。

ビデオ: Chemical Reversion of Conventional Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to a Naïve-like State with Improved Multilineage Differentiation Potency

Stencil Micropatterning of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Probing Spatial Organization of Differentiation Fates

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have the intrinsic ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. This makes them an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine and experimental modeling of normal and diseased organogenesis. However, the differentiation of hPSCs in vitro is heterogeneous and spatially disordered. Cell micropatterning technologies potentially offer the means to spatially control stem cell microenvironments and organize the resultant differentiation fates. Micropatterning hPSCs needs to take into account the stringent requirements for hPSC survival and maintenance. Here, we describe stencil micropatterning as a method that is highly compatible with hPSCs. hPSC micropatterns are specified by the geometries of the cell stencil through-holes, which physically confine the locations where hPSCs can access and attach to the underlying extracellular matrix-coated substrate. Due to this mode of operation, there is greater flexibility to use substrates that can adequately support hPSCs as compared to other cell micropatterning methods. We also highlight critical steps for the successful generation of hPSC micropatterns. As an example, we demonstrate that stencil micropatterning of hPSCs can be used to modulate spatial polarization of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, which in turn determines mesoendoderm differentiation patterns. This simple and robust method to micropattern hPSCs widens the prospects of establishing experimental models to investigate tissue organization and patterning during early embryonic development.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have the intrinsic ability to differentiate and self-organize into distinct tissue patterns; although this requires the presentation of spatial environmental gradients. We present stencil micropatterning as a simple and robust method to generate biochemical and mechanical gradients for controlling hPSC differentiation patterns.

分化運命の空間組織を探るためのヒト多能性幹細胞のステンシルマイクロパターニング

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, have the intrinsic ability to differentiate into ...

発生生物学

Large-Scale Production of Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Highly Reproducible Small Molecule-Based Differentiation Protocol

Maximizing the benefit of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for research, disease modeling, pharmaceutical and clinical applications requires robust methods for the large-scale production of functional cell types, including cardiomyocytes. Here we demonstrate that the temporal manipulation of WNT, TGF-&#946;, and SHH signaling pathways leads to highly efficient cardiomyocyte differentiation of single-cell passaged hPSC lines in both static suspension and stirred suspension bioreactor systems. Employing this strategy resulted in ~ 100% beating spheroids, consistently containing &#62; 80% cardiac troponin T-positive cells after 15 days of culture, validated in multiple hPSC lines. We also report on a variation of this protocol for use with cell lines not currently adapted to single-cell passaging, the success of which has been verified in 42 hPSC lines. Cardiomyocytes generated using these protocols express lineage-specific markers and show expected electrophysiological functionalities. Our protocol presents a simple, efficient and robust platform for the large-scale production of human cardiomyocytes.

Here, we present a robust, fast and scalable cardiomyocyte differentiation protocol for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Cardiomyocytes derived using this large-scale method can provide sufficient cell numbers for their effective use in human cardiovascular disease modeling, high-throughput drug screening, and potentially clinical applications.

再現性の高い小分子ベースの分化プロトコルを使用したヒト多能性幹細胞から心筋細胞の大規模生産

Maximizing the benefit of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for research, disease modeling, pharmaceutical and clinical applications requires robust ...

Rapid Neuronal Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Measuring Network Activity on Micro-electrode Arrays

Neurons derived from human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) provide a promising new tool for studying neurological disorders. In the past decade, many protocols for differentiating hiPSCs into neurons have been developed. However, these protocols are often slow with high variability, low reproducibility, and low efficiency. In addition, the neurons obtained with these protocols are often immature and lack adequate functional activity both at the single-cell and network levels unless the neurons are cultured for several months. Partially due to these limitations, the functional properties of hiPSC-derived neuronal networks are still not well characterized. Here, we adapt a recently published protocol that describes production of human neurons from hiPSCs by forced expression of the transcription factor neurogenin-212. This protocol is rapid (yielding mature neurons within 3 weeks) and efficient, with nearly 100% conversion efficiency of transduced cells (&#62;95% of DAPI-positive cells are MAP2 positive). Furthermore, the protocol yields a homogeneous population of excitatory neurons that would allow the investigation of cell-type specific contributions to neurological disorders. We modified the original protocol by generating stably transduced hiPSC cells, giving us explicit control over the total number of neurons. These cells are then used to generate hiPSC-derived neuronal networks on micro-electrode arrays. In this way, the spontaneous electrophysiological activity of hiPSC-derived neuronal networks can be measured and characterized, while retaining interexperimental consistency in terms of cell density. The presented protocol is broadly applicable, especially for mechanistic and pharmacological studies on human neuronal networks.

We modify and implement a previously published protocol describing the rapid, reproducible, and efficient differentiation of human&#160;induced&#160;Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) into excitatory cortical neurons12. Specifically, our modification allows for control of neuronal cell density and use on micro-electrode arrays to measure electrophysiological properties at the network level.

マイクロ電極アレイ上のネットワーク・アクティビティを測定するための人工多能性幹細胞の急速な神経分化

Neurons derived from human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs) provide a promising new tool for studying neurological disorders. In the past decade, ...

Directed Differentiation of Primitive and Definitive Hematopoietic Progenitors from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

One of the major goals for regenerative medicine is the generation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Until recently, efforts to differentiate hPSCs into HSCs have predominantly generated hematopoietic progenitors that lack HSC potential, and instead resemble yolk sac hematopoiesis.&#160;These resulting hematopoietic progenitors may have limited utility for in vitro disease modeling of various adult hematopoietic disorders, particularly those of the lymphoid lineages. However, we have recently described methods to generate erythro-myelo-lymphoid multilineage definitive hematopoietic progenitors from hPSCs using a stage-specific directed differentiation protocol, which we outline here. Through enzymatic dissociation of hPSCs on basement membrane matrix-coated plasticware, embryoid bodies (EBs) are formed. EBs are differentiated to mesoderm by recombinant BMP4, which is subsequently specified to the definitive hematopoietic program by the GSK3&#946; inhibitor, CHIR99021. Alternatively, primitive hematopoiesis is specified by the PORCN inhibitor, IWP2. Hematopoiesis is further driven through the addition of recombinant VEGF and supportive hematopoietic cytokines. The resulting hematopoietic progenitors generated using this method have the potential to be used for disease and developmental modeling, in vitro.

Here, we present human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) culture protocols, used to differentiate hPSCs into CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors. This method uses stage-specific manipulation of canonical WNT signaling to specify cells exclusively to either the definitive or primitive hematopoietic program.

ひと多能性幹細胞からプリミティブかつ決定的な造血前駆細胞の分化を監督

One of the major goals for regenerative medicine is the generation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem ...

Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors

Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to self renew and differentiate to multiple lineages, making them an attractive source for the generation of pancreatic progenitor cells that can be used for the study of and future treatment of diabetes. This article outlines a four-stage differentiation protocol designed to generate pancreatic progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). This protocol can be applied to a number of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines. The approach taken to generate pancreatic progenitor cells is to differentiate hESCs to accurately model key stages of pancreatic development. This begins with the induction of the definitive endoderm, which is achieved by culturing the cells in the presence of Activin A, basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) and CHIR990210. Further differentiation and patterning with Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10) and Dorsomorphin generates cells resembling the posterior foregut. The addition of Retinoic Acid, NOGGIN, SANT-1 and FGF10 differentiates posterior foregut cells into cells characteristic of pancreatic endoderm. Finally, the combination of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Nicotinamide and NOGGIN leads to the efficient generation of PDX1+/NKX6-1+ cells. Flow cytometry is performed to confirm the expression of specific markers at key stages of pancreatic development. The PDX1+/NKX6-1+ pancreatic progenitors at the end of stage 4 are capable of generating mature &#946; cells upon transplantation into immunodeficient mice and can be further differentiated to generate insulin-producing cells in vitro. Thus, the efficient generation of PDX1+/NKX6-1+ pancreatic progenitors, as demonstrated in this protocol, is of great importance as it provides a platform to study human pancreatic development in vitro and provides a source of cells with the potential of differentiating to &#946; cells that could eventually be used for the treatment of diabetes.

Efficient Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells to NKX6-1+ Pancreatic Progenitors

Here we describe a 4-stage protocol to differentiate human embryonic stem cells to NKX6-1+ pancreatic progenitors in vitro. This protocol can be applied to a variety of human pluripotent stem cell lines.

NKX6-1への多能性幹細胞の効率的分化<sup&gt; +</sup&gt;膵臓前駆細胞

Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to self renew and differentiate to multiple lineages, making them an attractive source for the generation of ...

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

The placenta is the first organ to develop during embryogenesis and is required for the survival of the developing embryo. The placenta is comprised of various trophoblastic cells that differentiate from the extra-embryonic trophectoderm cells of the preimplantation blastocyst. As such, our understanding of the early differentiation events of the human placenta is limited because of ethical and legal restrictions on the isolation and manipulation of human embryogenesis. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a robust model system for investigating human development and can also be differentiated in vitro into trophoblastic cells that express markers of the various trophoblast cell types. Here, we present a detailed protocol for differentiating hPSCs into trophoblastic cells using bone morphogenic protein 4 and inhibitors of the Activin/Nodal signaling pathways. This protocol generates various trophoblast cell types that can be transfected with siRNAs for investigating loss-of-function phenotypes or can be infected with pathogens. Additionally, hPSCs can be genetically modified and then differentiated into trophoblast progenitors for gain-of-function analyses. This in vitro differentiation method for generating human trophoblasts starting from hPSCs overcomes the ethical and legal restrictions of working with early human embryos, and this system can be used for a variety of applications, including drug discovery and stem cell research.

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells

Here, we present a protocol to efficiently generate human trophoblastic cells from human pluripotent stem cells using bone morphogenic protein 4 and inhibitors of the Activin/Nodal pathways. This method is suitable for the efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and can generate large quantities of cells for genetic manipulation.

ヒト多能性幹細胞のin vitro分化における絨毛細胞へ

The placenta is the first organ to develop during embryogenesis and is required for the survival of the developing embryo. The placenta is comprised of ...

Rapid, Directed Differentiation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Human Embryonic or Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

We describe a robust method to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). The purpose of providing a detailed and thorough protocol is to clearly demonstrate each step and to make this readily available to researchers in the field. This protocol results in a homogenous layer of RPE with minimal or no manual dissection needed. The method presented here has been shown to be effective for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and human embryonic stem cells. Additionally, we describe methods for cryopreservation of intermediate cell banks that allow long-term storage. RPE generated using this protocol might be useful for iPSC disease-in-a-dish modeling or clinical application.

This protocol describes how to produce retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) from pluripotent stem cells. The method uses a combination of growth factors and small molecules to direct the differentiation of stem cells into immature RPE in fourteen days and mature, functional RPE after three months.

人間の胚または誘導多能性幹細胞からの網膜色素上皮細胞の急速な監督の分化

We describe a robust method to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). The purpose of providing ...

Efficient and Scalable Directed Differentiation of Clinically Compatible Corneal Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Corneal limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are responsible for continuously renewing the corneal epithelium, and thus maintaining corneal homeostasis and visual clarity. Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived LESCs provide a promising cell source for corneal cell replacement therapy. Undefined, xenogeneic culture and differentiation conditions cause variation in research results and impede the clinical translation of hPSC-derived therapeutics. This protocol provides a reproducible and efficient method for hPSC-LESC differentiation under xeno- and feeder cell-free conditions. Firstly, monolayer culture of undifferentiated hPSC on recombinant laminin-521 (LN-521) and defined hPSC medium serves as a foundation for robust production of high-quality starting material for differentiations. Secondly, a rapid and simple hPSC-LESC differentiation method yields LESC populations in only 24 days. This method includes a four-day surface ectodermal induction in suspension with small molecules, followed by adherent culture phase on LN-521/collagen IV combination matrix in defined corneal epithelial differentiation medium. Cryostoring and extended differentiation further purifies the cell population and enables banking of the cells in large quantities for cell therapy products. The resulting high-quality hPSC-LESCs provide a potential novel treatment strategy for corneal surface reconstruction to treat limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD).

This protocol introduces a simple two-step method for differentiating corneal limbal epithelial stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells under xeno- and feeder cell-free culture conditions. The cell culture methods presented here enable cost-efficient, large-scale production of clinical quality cells applicable to corneal cell therapy use.

効率的かつスケーラブルな臨床的に互換性のある角膜輪部上皮幹細胞ひと多能性幹細胞からの分化

Corneal limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are responsible for continuously renewing the corneal epithelium, and thus maintaining corneal homeostasis ...

Efficient Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Liver Cells

The liver detoxifies harmful substances, secretes vital proteins, and executes key metabolic activities, thus sustaining life. Consequently, liver failure&#8212;which can be caused by chronic alcohol intake, hepatitis, acute poisoning, or other insults&#8212;is a severe condition that can culminate in bleeding, jaundice, coma, and eventually death. However, approaches to treat liver failure, as well as studies of liver function and disease, have been stymied in part by the lack of a plentiful supply of human liver cells. To this end, this protocol details the efficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells, guided by a developmental roadmap that describes how liver fate is specified across six consecutive differentiation steps. By manipulating developmental signaling pathways to promote liver differentiation and to explicitly suppress the formation of unwanted cell fates, this method efficiently generates populations of human liver bud progenitors and hepatocyte-like cells by days 6 and 18 of PSC differentiation, respectively. This is achieved through the temporally-precise control of developmental signaling pathways, exerted by small molecules and growth factors in a serum-free culture medium. Differentiation in this system occurs in monolayers and yields hepatocyte-like cells that express characteristic hepatocyte enzymes and have the ability to engraft a mouse model of chronic liver failure. The ability to efficiently generate large numbers of human liver cells in vitro has ramifications for treatment of liver failure, for drug screening, and for mechanistic studies of liver disease.

This protocol details a monolayer, serum-free method to efficiently generate hepatocyte-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in 18 days. This entails six steps as hPSCs sequentially differentiate into intermediate cell-types such as the primitive streak, definitive endoderm, posterior foregut and liver bud progenitors before forming hepatocyte-like cells.

ヒト多能性幹細胞の肝細胞への効率的な分化

The liver detoxifies harmful substances, secretes vital proteins, and executes key metabolic activities, thus sustaining life. Consequently, liver ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give rise to multiple cell types, including the myotome (MYO), sclerotome (SCL), dermatome (D), and syndetome (SYN), which in turn develop into skeletal muscle, axial skeleton, dorsal dermis, and axial tendon/ligament, respectively. Therefore, the generation of SMs and their derivatives from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is critical to obtain pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) for application in regenerative medicine and for disease research in the field of orthopedic surgery. Although the induction protocols for MYO and SCL from PSCs have been previously reported by several researchers, no study has yet demonstrated the induction of SYN and D from iPSCs. Therefore, efficient induction of fully competent SMs remains a major challenge. Here, we recapitulate human SM patterning with human iPSCs in vitro by mimicking the signaling environment during chick/mouse SM development, and report on methods of systematic induction of SM derivatives (MYO, SCL, D, and SYN) from human iPSCs under chemically defined conditions through the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and SM states. Knowledge regarding chick/mouse&#160;SM development was successfully applied to the induction of SMs with human iPSCs. This method could be a novel tool for studying human somitogenesis and patterning without the use of embryos and for cell-based therapy and disease modeling.

We present here a protocol for the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into each somite derivative (myotome, sclerotome, dermatome, and syndetome) in chemically defined conditions, which has applications in future disease modeling and cell-based therapies in orthopedic surgery.

体節誘導体誘導される人間からの体外世代多能性幹細胞します。

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...