Supportato da NIH premi RO1 HL073087, GM 077185, 069589 e GM a CKS. Il lavoro è supportato anche da una sovvenzione del programma di Medicina Rigenerativa della DHLRI. Gli autori sono grati al supporto tecnico e gli ingressi clinica dal seguente personale presso la Ohio State University: il dottor Sabyasachi.Biswas (Centro completo delle ferite), il Dr. Allison Spiwak (Technology Division Circulation), Joseph Agoston (Divisione Circolazione), Thoma capecchio (Divisione Circolazione), Joseph Ewing (Ingegneria Meccanica), Scott Killinger (ingegneria meccanica), e Xiaoyin Ge (Ingegneria Elettrica).

<ol>
	<li>Myers, D. E., Anderson, L. D., Seifert, R. P., Ortner, J. P., Cooper, C. E., Beilman, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+method+for+measuring+local+hemoglobin+oxygen+saturation+in+tissue+using+wide+gap+second+derivative+near-infrared+spectroscopy.">Noninvasive method for measuring local hemoglobin oxygen saturation in tissue using wide gap second derivative near-infrared spectroscopy.</a> J Biomed Opt. 10 (3), 034017-034017 (2005).</li><li>Jarm, T., Kragelj, R., Liebert, A., Lukasiewitz, P., Erjavec, T., Preseren-Strukelj, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postocclusive+reactive+hyperemia+in+healthy+volunteers+and+patients+with+peripheral+vascular+disease+measured+by+three+noninvasive+methods.">Postocclusive reactive hyperemia in healthy volunteers and patients with peripheral vascular disease measured by three noninvasive methods.</a> Adv Exp Med Biol. 530, 661-669 (2003).</li><li>Treacher, D. F., Leach, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxygen+transport-1.+Basic+principles.">Oxygen transport-1. Basic principles.</a> Bmj. 317 (7168), 1302-1306 (1998).</li><li>Leach, R. M., Treacher, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oxygen+transport-2.+Tissue+hypoxia.">Oxygen transport-2. Tissue hypoxia.</a> BMJ. 317 (7169), 1370-1373 (1998).</li><li>Sen, C. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wound+healing+essentials:+let+there+be+oxygen.">Wound healing essentials: let there be oxygen.</a> Wound Repair Regen. 17 (1), 1-18 (2009).</li><li>RL, G. r. e. e. n. m. a. n., Panasyuk, S., Wang, X., TE, L. y. o. n. s., Dinh, T., Longoria, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+changes+in+the+skin+microcirculation+and+muscle+metabolism+of+the+diabetic+foot.">Early changes in the skin microcirculation and muscle metabolism of the diabetic foot.</a> Lancet. 366 (9498), 1711-1717 (2005).</li><li>Valvano, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The use of thermal diffusivity to quantify tissue perfusion [dissertation]. , (1981).</li><li>Hassan, M., Togawa, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Observation+of+skin+thermal+inertia+distribution+during+reactive+hyperaemia+using+a+single-hood+measurement+system.">Observation of skin thermal inertia distribution during reactive hyperaemia using a single-hood measurement system.</a> Physiol Meas. 22 (1), 187-200 (2001).</li><li>Ley, O., Deshpande, C., Prapamcham, B., Naghavi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lumped+parameter+thermal+model+for+the+study+of+vascular+reactivity+in+the+fingertip.">Lumped parameter thermal model for the study of vascular reactivity in the fingertip.</a> J Biomech Eng. 130 (3), 031012-031012 (2008).</li><li>Wilson, S. B., Spence, V. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+thermographic+imaging+method+for+quantifying+dermal+perfusion:+potential+and+limitations.">Dynamic thermographic imaging method for quantifying dermal perfusion: potential and limitations.</a> Med Biol Eng Comput. 27 (5), 496-501 (1989).</li></ol>

Nessun conflitto di interessi dichiarati.

L&#39;ossigeno presente nei tessuti biologici in molteplici forme come l&#39;ossigeno di emoglobina o mioglobina legato, ossigeno disciolto, e le specie reattive dell&#39;ossigeno. Trasporto di ossigeno gioca un ruolo fondamentale nel mantenere la vitalità dei tessuti e dei processi metabolici normali 3. Mite acuta all&#39;ipossia moderata avvierà adattamento metabolico, regolazione vascolare, e le risposte angiogenici 4. Anossia e ipossia estrema porterà ad angiogenesi insufficiente e la morte delle cellule. Lo squilibrio tra apporto di ossigeno limitata e una maggiore richiesta di ossigeno è uno dei principali fattori causali per molti disturbi, come ferite croniche 5. Nel caso di ferite ischemiche, rifornimento di ossigeno è limitata dalla mancanza di perfusione e non può soddisfare le necessità metaboliche del processo di guarigione e di compromettere la funzione burst respiratorio volto a combattere le infezioni. Valutazione simultanea di ossigenazione dei tessuti cutanei e la funzione vascolare ha significato clinico nella gestione delle ferite croniche. La tecnica di imaging iperspettrale stime ossigenazione dei tessuti cutanei da tessuto illuminante e rilevare riflettanza tessuto a lunghezze d&#39;onda differenti 6. Uno dei principali vantaggi di imaging iperspettrale è non invasiva e senza contatto di rilevamento delle proprietà funzionali del tessuto. Tuttavia, la sicurezza di misura di ossigeno per molti sistemi di imaging iperspettrale è influenzato dal colore della pelle e di altre variazioni di assorbimento di fondo. Spettroscopia gamma derivato secondo gap è stato sviluppato in precedenza per la misura ossigenazione dei tessuti con effetti minimi di dispersione e di pigmentazione della pelle 1. Abbiamo applicato il principio della spettroscopia derivata seconda di immagini multispettrali e dimostrato la misura coerente di ossigenazione dei tessuti cutanei indipendente con i cambiamenti simulati colore della pelle. Perfusione tessutale è stato precedentemente studiato da misura 7 diffusività termica dei tessuti. Un metodo cappuccio singolo è stato sviluppato per introdurre stimoli termici e le risposte del tessuto un&#39;immagine dinamica per valutare il tessuto cutaneo distribuzione inerzia termica 8. Esperimenti sulla pelle dell&#39;avambraccio umano sottoposto ad occlusione arteriosa bracciale dimostrato relazione lineare tra inerzia termica e perfusione sanguigna misurata da un laser Doppler imager prima e durante il flusso di sangue occlusione 8. Un modello bioheat concentrati è stato utilizzato anche per stimare la reattività vascolare punta delle dita durante occlusione venosa pletismografia 9. Nonostante gli sforzi di cui sopra, la quantificazione della perfusione sanguigna della pelle dalle misure della temperatura della pelle è impegnativo a causa della mancanza di sensibilità, la dipendenza dallo spessore grasso sottocutaneo, e di altri fattori come la vasocostrizione, vasodilatazione, e artefatti da movimento 10. In questo protocollo, abbiamo usato una telecamera a infrarossi per catturare la dinamica della temperatura dei tessuti in risposta ad una stimolazione termica a temperatura ambiente. La stimolazione termica è stata scelta in modo che l&#39;effetto di vasocostrizione e vasodilatazione è stato ridotto al minimo. Ulteriori sforzi di modellazione e misurazione sono necessari al fine di delineare una correlazione quantitativa affidabile tra l&#39;indice di funzione vascolare e la perfusione del tessuto cutaneo. In # 3, abbiamo usato la trasformazione affine per la co-registrazione compiti. Tuttavia, dato che le due telecamere sono posizionate con diverse angolazioni nello spazio 3D, è potenzialmente più corretto applicare una trasformazione relative alla trasformazione 3D tra le due fotocamere. Attualmente stiamo esplorando in questa direzione che coinvolgono calibrazione estrinseci delle telecamere nello spazio 3D usando geometria epipolare.

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<td>Higgins Calligraphy waterproof black ink</td>
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<td>Hamamatsu ORCA ER deep cooling CCD camera</td>
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<td>Thorlabs OSL1 high intensity fiber light source</td>
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dual-mode imaging of cutaneous tissue oxygenation and vascular function

Valutazione accurata di ossigenazione dei tessuti cutanei e la funzione vascolare è importante per la rilevazione del caso, messa in scena, e il trattamento di molti disturbi di salute, come le lesioni croniche. Riportiamo lo sviluppo di un dual-mode sistema di imaging per l&#39;imaging non invasiva e senza contatto di ossigenazione dei tessuti cutanei e la funzione vascolare. Il sistema di imaging integrato una telecamera a infrarossi, una camera CCD, un filtro sintonizzabile a cristalli liquidi e una fonte di fibra ad alta intensità luminosa. Una interfaccia Labview è stato programmato per il controllo di apparecchiature, la sincronizzazione, acquisizione delle immagini, elaborazione e visualizzazione. Immagini multispettrali acquisite dalla fotocamera CCD sono stati utilizzati per ricostruire la mappa ossigenazione dei tessuti. Dinamica immagini termografiche catturato dalla telecamera a infrarossi sono stati utilizzati per ricostruire la mappa vascolare funzione. Ossigenazione dei tessuti cutanei e le immagini la funzione vascolare sono stati co-registrati attraverso marcatori fiduciari. Le caratteristiche di prestazione del sistema dual-mode immagine sono stati testati sugli esseri umani.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function at JoVE.com

Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function

Un dual-mode sistema di imaging è stato sviluppato per i non-contatto valutazione di ossigenazione dei tessuti cutanei e la funzione vascolare.

Dual-mode Imaging di ossigenazione dei tessuti cutanei e di funzione vascolare

Accurate assessment of cutaneous tissue oxygenation and vascular function is important for appropriate detection, staging, and treatment of many health ...

dual-mode-imaging-cutaneous-tissue-oxygenation-vascular

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

16.4K Views.  The Ohio State University. Un dual-mode sistema di imaging è stato sviluppato per i non-contatto valutazione di ossigenazione dei tessuti cutanei e la funzione vascolare.

Video: Dual-mode Imaging of Cutaneous Tissue Oxygenation and Vascular Function

Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging of Mouse Diaphragm Function

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive surgical procedures. Although this is an effective method of assessing in vitro diaphragm activity, it involves non-survival surgery. The application of non-invasive ultrasound imaging as an in vivo procedure is beneficial since it not only reduces the number of animals sacrificed, but is also suitable for monitoring disease progression in live mice. Thus, our ultrasound imaging method may likely assist in the development of novel therapies that alleviate muscle injury induced by various respiratory diseases. Particularly, in clinical diagnoses of obstructive lung diseases, ultrasound imaging has the potential to be used in conjunction with other standard tests to detect the early onset of diaphragm muscle fatigue. In the current protocol, we describe how to accurately evaluate diaphragm contractility in a mouse model using a diagnostic ultrasound imaging technique.

Diagnostic ultrasound imaging has proven to be effective in diagnosing various respiratory diseases in human and animal subjects. We demonstrate a comprehensive ultrasound protocol utilized by Dr. Zuo's lab to analyze diaphragm kinetics specifically in mouse models. This is also a non-invasive research technique which can provide quantitative information on mouse respiratory muscle function.

Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging di funzione mouse Diaframma

Function analysis of rodent respiratory skeletal muscles, particularly the diaphragm, is commonly performed by isolating muscle strips using invasive ...

Ricerca

Medicina

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this is only partially explained by traditional CVD risk factors. Vascular dysfunction is an important non-traditional risk factor, characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction (most commonly assessed as impaired endothelium-dependent dilation [EDD]) and stiffening of the large elastic arteries. While various techniques exist to assess EDD and large elastic artery stiffness, the most commonly used are brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMDBA) and aortic pulse-wave velocity (aPWV), respectively. Both of these noninvasive measures of vascular dysfunction are independent predictors of future cardiovascular events in patients with and without kidney disease. Patients with CKD demonstrate both impaired FMDBA, and increased aPWV. While the exact mechanisms by which vascular dysfunction develops in CKD are incompletely understood, increased oxidative stress and a subsequent reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability are important contributors. Cellular changes in oxidative stress can be assessed by collecting vascular endothelial cells from the antecubital vein and measuring protein expression of markers of oxidative stress using immunofluorescence. We provide here a discussion of these methods to measure FMDBA, aPWV, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.

The degree of vascular dysfunction and contributing physiological mechanisms can be assessed in patients with chronic kidney disease by measuring brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, aortic pulse-wave velocity, and vascular endothelial cell protein expression.

Valutazione della funzione vascolare nei pazienti con malattia renale cronica

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, and this ...

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Certain classes of chemotherapies may exert acute vascular changes that may progress into long-term conditions that may predispose the patient to an increased risk of vascular morbidity.&#160;Yet, albeit&#160;the mounting clinical evidence, there is a paucity of clear studies of vascular toxicity and therefore the etiology of a heterogeneous group of vascular/cardiovascular disorders remains to be elucidated. Moreover, the mechanism that may underlie vascular toxicity can completely differ from the principles of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, which is related to direct myocyte injury. We have established a real-time, in vivo molecular imaging platform&#160;to evaluate&#160;the potential&#160;acute&#160;vascular toxicity of anti-cancer therapies.
We have set up a platform of in vivo, high-resolution molecular imaging&#160;in mice,&#160;suitable for visualizing vasculature within confined organs and reference blood vessels within the same individuals whereas each individual serve as its own control. Blood vessel walls were impaired after doxorubicin administration, representing a unique mechanism of vascular toxicity that may be the early event in end-organ injury. Herein, the method of fibered confocal fluorescent microscopy (FCFM) based imaging is described, which provides an innovative mode to understand physiological phenomena at the cellular and sub-cellular levels in animal subjects.

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

We herein describe the method of fibered confocal fluorescent microscopy (FCFM) based imaging, which provides an innovative mode to understand physiological phenomena at the cellular and sub-cellular levels in animal subjects.

Chemioterapia-indotta vascolare Tossicità - in tempo reale<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Imaging di Vessel Impairment

Certain classes of chemotherapies may exert acute vascular changes that may progress into long-term conditions that may predispose the patient to an ...

A Methodological Approach to Non-invasive Assessments of Vascular Function and Morphology

The endothelium is the innermost lining of the vasculature and is involved in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Damage to the endothelium may predispose the vessel to atherosclerosis and increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Assessments of peripheral endothelial function are good indicators of early abnormalities in the vascular wall and correlate well with assessments of coronary endothelial function. The present manuscript details the important methodological steps necessary for the assessment of microvascular endothelial function using laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis, large vessel endothelial function using flow-mediated dilatation, and carotid atherosclerosis using carotid artery ultrasound. A discussion on the methodological considerations for each of the techniques is also presented, and recommendations are made for future research.

The present article describes the methodological considerations for several non-invasive assessments of vascular function and morphology that are commonly used in medical research to assess different stages of atherosclerosis.

Un approccio metodologico alle valutazioni non invasive di funzione vascolare e morfologia

The endothelium is the innermost lining of the vasculature and is involved in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis.  Damage to the endothelium may ...

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

An original piglet model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) associated with chronic Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction is described. Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) was induced in 3-week-old piglets by a progressive obstruction of the pulmonary vascular bed. A ligation of the left Pulmonary Artery (PA) was performed first through a mini-thoracotomy. Second, weekly embolizations of the right lower pulmonary lobe were done under fluoroscopic guidance with n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate during 5 weeks. Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (mPAP) measured by ritght heart catheterism, increased progressively, as well as Right Atrial pressure and Pulmonary Vascular Resistances (PVR) after 5 weeks compared to sham animals. Right Ventricular (RV) structural and functional remodeling were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (RV diameters, RV wall thickness, RV systolic function). RV elastance and RV-pulmonary coupling were assessed by Pressure-Volume Loops (PVL) analysis with conductance method. Histologic study of the lung and the right ventricle were also performed. Molecular analyses on RV fresh tissues could be performed through repeated transcutaneous endomyocardial biopsies. Pulmonary microvascular disease in obstructed and unobstructed territories was studied from lung biopsies using molecular analyses and pathology. Furthermore, the reliability and the reproducibility was associated with a range of PH severity in animals. Most aspects of the human CTEPH disease were reproduced in this model, which allows new perspectives for the understanding of the underlying mechanisms (mitochondria, inflammation) and new therapeutic approaches (targeted, cellular or gene therapies) of the overloaded right ventricle but also pulmonary microvascular disease.

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) and Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction were induced in piglets by progressive obstruction of the pulmonary arteries. Consequences were remarkably similar to those observed in CTEPH patients. This animal model would be a very useful tool for pathophysiology and therapeutic experiments on CTEPH and RV failure.

Tromboembolica cronica Ipertensione polmonare e valutazione dei ventricolare destra Funzione nel Maialino

An original piglet model of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) associated with chronic Right Ventricular (RV) dysfunction is described. ...

Visualization of Vascular and Parenchymal Regeneration after 70% Partial Hepatectomy in Normal Mice

A modified silicone injection procedure was used for visualization of the hepatic vascular tree. This procedure consisted of in-vivo injection of the silicone compound, via a 26 G catheter, into the portal or hepatic vein. After silicone injection, organs were explanted and prepared for ex-vivo micro-CT (&#181;CT) scanning. The silicone injection procedure is technically challenging. Achieving a successful outcome requires extensive microsurgical experience from the surgeon. One of the challenges of this procedure involves determining the adequate perfusion rate for the silicone compound. The perfusion rate for the silicone compound needs to be defined based on the hemodynamic of the vascular system of interest. Inappropriate perfusion rate can lead to an incomplete perfusion, artificial dilation and rupturing of vascular trees.
The 3D reconstruction of the vascular system was based on CT scans and was achieved using preclinical software such as HepaVision. The quality of the reconstructed vascular tree was directly related to the quality of silicone perfusion. Subsequently computed vascular parameters indicative of vascular growth, such as total vascular volume, were calculated based on the vascular reconstructions. Contrasting the vascular tree with silicone allowed for subsequent histological work-up of the specimen after &#181;CT scanning. The specimen can be subjected to serial sectioning, histological analysis and whole slide scanning, and thereafter to 3D reconstruction of the vascular trees based on histological images. This is the prerequisite for the detection of molecular events and their distribution with respect to the vascular tree. This modified silicone injection procedure can also be used to visualize and reconstruct the vascular systems of other organs. This technique has the potential to be extensively applied to studies concerning vascular anatomy and growth in various animal and disease models.

Tools used for visualizing vascular regeneration require methods for contrasting the vascular trees. This film demonstrated a delicate injection technique used to achieve optimal contrasting of the vascular trees and illustrate the potential benefits resulting from a detailed analysis of the resulting specimen using &#181;CT and histological serial sections.

Visualizzazione dei Vascolare e parenchimale rigenerazione dopo il 70% epatectomia parziale in topi normali

A modified silicone injection procedure was used for visualization of the hepatic vascular tree. This procedure consisted of in-vivo injection of the ...

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Atherosclerotic plaques, consisting of lipid-laden macrophages and calcification, develop in the coronary arteries, aortic valve, aorta, and peripheral conduit arteries and are the hallmark of cardiovascular disease. In humans, imaging with computed tomography allows for the quantification of vascular calcification; the presence of vascular calcification is a strong predictor of future cardiovascular events. Development of novel therapies in cardiovascular disease relies critically on improving our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Advancing our knowledge of atherosclerotic mechanisms relies on murine and cell-based models. Here, a method for imaging aortic calcification and macrophage infiltration using two spectrally distinct near-infrared fluorescent imaging probes is detailed. Near-infrared fluorescent imaging allows for the ex vivo quantification of calcification and macrophage accumulation in the entire aorta and can be used to further our understanding of the mechanistic relationship between inflammation and calcification in atherosclerosis. Additionally, a method for isolating and culturing animal aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and a protocol for inducing calcification in cultured smooth muscle cells from either murine aortas or from human coronary arteries is described. This in vitro method of modeling vascular calcification can be used to identify and characterize the signaling pathways likely important for the development of vascular disease, in the hopes of discovering novel targets for therapy.

Vascular calcification is an important predictor of and contributor to human cardiovascular disease. This protocol describes methods for inducing calcification of cultured primary vascular smooth muscle cells and for quantifying calcification and macrophage burden in animal aortas using near-infrared fluorescence imaging.

Calcificazione vascolare cellule muscolari lisce e imaging di aortica calcificazioni e infiammazione

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world.  Atherosclerotic plaques, consisting of lipid-laden macrophages and ...

Assessment of Human Adipose Tissue Microvascular Function Using Videomicroscopy

While obesity is closely linked to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, little is known about mechanisms that govern these processes. It is hypothesized that pro-atherogenic mediators released from fat tissues particularly in association with central/visceral adiposity may promote pathogenic vascular changes locally and systemically, and the notion that cardiovascular disease may be the consequence of adipose tissue dysfunction continues to evolve. Here, we describe a unique method of videomicroscopy that involves analysis of vasodilator and vasoconstrictor responses of intact small human arterioles removed from the adipose depot of living human subjects. Videomicroscopy is used to examine functional properties of isolated microvessels in response to pharmacological or physiological stimuli using a pressured system that mimics in vivo conditions. The technique is a useful approach to gain understanding of the pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms that contribute to vascular dysfunction locally within the adipose tissue milieu. Moreover, abnormalities in the adipose tissue microvasculature have also been linked with systemic diseases. We applied this technique to examine depot-specific vascular responses in obese subjects. We assessed endothelium-dependent vasodilation to both increased flow and acetylcholine in adipose arterioles (50 - 350 &#181;m internal diameter, 2 - 3 mm in length) isolated from two different adipose depots during bariatric surgery from the same individual. We demonstrated that arterioles from visceral fat exhibit impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation compared to vessels isolated from the subcutaneous depot. The findings suggest that the visceral microenvironment is associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction which may be relevant to clinical observation linking increased visceral adiposity to systemic disease mechanisms. The videomicroscopy technique can be used to examine vascular phenotypes from different fat depots as well as compare findings across individuals with different degrees of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. The method can also be used to examine vascular responses longitudinally in response to clinical interventions.

Videomicroscopy systems are used to examine functional properties of isolated adipose tissue arterioles in response to physiological and pharmacological stimuli. This technique can be used to examine microvascular phenotypes in different adipose tissue domains in obese humans.

Valutazione della funzione microvascolare di tessuto adiposo umano mediante videomicroscopia

While obesity is closely linked to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, little is known about mechanisms that govern these processes. ...

Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Mouse

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased substantially in recent years. ECMO has become a reliable and effective therapy for acute as well as end-stage lung diseases. With the increase in clinical demand and prolonged use of ECMO, procedural optimization and prevention of multi-organ damage are of critical importance. The aim of this protocol is to present a detailed technique of veno-venous ECMO in a non-intubated, spontaneously breathing mouse. This protocol demonstrates the technical design of the ECMO and surgical steps. This murine ECMO model will facilitate the study of pathophysiology related to ECMO (e.g., inflammation,bleeding and thromboembolic events). Due to the abundance of genetically modified mice, the molecular mechanisms involved in ECMO-related complications can also be dissected.

Here we present a protocol describing the technique of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in a non-intubated, spontaneously breathing mouse. This murine model of ECMO can be effectively implemented in experimental studies of acute and end-stage lung diseases.

Ossigenazione extracorporea veno-venoso in un Mouse

The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has increased substantially in recent years. ECMO has become a reliable and effective therapy for ...

Measurement of Tissue Oxygenation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has recently been applied as a tool to measure regional oxygen saturation (rSO2), a marker of tissue oxygenation, in clinical settings including cardiovascular and brain surgery, neonatal monitoring and prehospital medicine. The NIRS monitoring devices are real-time and noninvasive, and have mainly been used for evaluating cerebral oxygenation in critically ill patients during an operation or intensive care. Thus far, the use of NIRS monitoring in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) including hemodialysis (HD) has been limited; therefore, we investigated rSO2 values in some organs during HD. We monitored rSO2 values using a NIRS device transmitting near-infrared light at 2 wavelengths of attachment. The HD patients were placed in a supine position, with rSO2 measurement sensors attached to the foreheads, the right hypochondrium and the lower legs to evaluate rSO2 in the brain, liver and lower leg muscles, respectively. NIRS monitoring could be a new approach to clarify changes in organ oxygenation during HD or factors affecting tissue oxygenation in CKD patients. This article describes a protocol to measure tissue oxygenation represented by rSO2 as applied in HD patients.

We present a protocol to measure regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) in hemodialysis (HD) patients by using a near-infrared spectroscopy monitor. The rSO2 value is an index of tissue oxygenation. This noninvasive and real-time monitoring could be useful for confirming changes in organ oxygenation during HD.

Misura dell'ossigenazione tissutale mediante spettroscopia nel vicino infrarosso in pazienti sottoposti a emodialisi

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has recently been applied as a tool to measure regional oxygen saturation (rSO2), a marker of tissue oxygenation, in ...