Vorremmo ringraziare il Sig. Julio Maia per la partecipazione a questo video e il signor Joel S. Torres per la revisione del manoscritto. Bruno Gualano è supportata dal Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Tecnologia.

1. Determinazione della massima pressione di occlusione vascolare <ol><li> Al fine di determinare la pressione sanguigna di occlusione vascolare, in mmHg, un doppler vascolare è usato </li><li> Il paziente si trova in una posizione supina, mentre un bracciale personalizzato della pressione sanguigna (180mm larghezza x lunghezza 80 mm) è fissato sulla coscia. </li><li> Dopo il rilevamento della posizione arteria tibiale, la sonda Doppler viene quindi posta sopra il luogo determinato in gamba del paziente. </li><li> Un segnale sonoro è generato dalla macchina Doppler come si cattura l&#39;impulso arteria. </li><li> Il bracciale personalizzato pressione sanguigna viene gonfiato fino a che non interrompe il polso ascultatory dell&#39;arteria tibiale. </li><li> La pressione necessaria per la piena occlusione vascolare è registrato per un uso futuro durante l&#39;allenamento. </li><li> Per ragioni di sicurezza, la pressione arteriosa deve essere monitorata. </li></ol> 2. Allenamento di resistenza con occlusione vascolare <ol><li> Una breve warm-up su un tapis roulant (5 minuti a piedi ad un passo comodo) è raccomandata prima di esercitare </li><li> Il paziente viene quindi posizionato le apparecchiature su allenamento della forza. Una macchina convenzionale leg press è utilizzato </li><li> Due polsini di pressione sono ormai in prossimità della regione inguinale piega su ogni coscia e gonfiato alla pressione di formazione corrispondente (50% del totale della pressione di occlusione vascolare). </li><li> In questo momento, è importante mantenere la manometri rivolto in avanti, per la messa a punto della pressione appropriata. </li><li> Il paziente esegue 3 serie di 15 ripetizioni con 30 secondi di riposo tra le serie. </li><li> Si noti che la pressione di formazione viene mantenuta durante la sessione di allenamento insieme, compresi gli intervalli di riposo. </li><li> Una macchina convenzionale estensione della gamba è anche parte del nostro programma di esercizi. Lo stesso protocollo è utilizzato su questo apparecchio, e di nuovo, pressione di occlusione è mantenuta costante in ogni momento. </li><li> L&#39;ultimo esercizio è lo squat metà. Una sedia può essere utilizzata per ragioni di sicurezza, dato che la compromissione della capacità di resistenza del paziente IBM. Procedura di occlusione del flusso sanguigno segue lo stesso schema degli esercizi precedenti </li><li> Intensità di allenamento è regolata in base al progressivo aumento della forza in modo che il paziente sarebbe in grado di eseguire non più di 15 ripetizioni. Si consiglia di sessioni di formazione sono monitorati da almeno due ricercatori, ognuno dei quali il controllo della pressione di occlusione su ogni gamba. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Needha, M., Mastaglia, F. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inclusion+body+myositis:+current+pathogenetic+concepts+and+diagnostic+and+therapeutic+approaches.">Inclusion body myositis: current pathogenetic concepts and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.</a> Lancet Neurol. 6, 620-631 (2007).</li><li>de Salles Painelli, V., Gualano, B., Artioli, G. G., de Sa Pinto, A. L., Bonfa, E., Lancha Junior, A. H., Lima, F. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+possible+role+of+physical+exercise+on+the+treatment+of+idiopathic+inflammatory+myopathies.">The possible role of physical exercise on the treatment of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.</a> Autoimmun. Rev. 8, 355-359 (2009).</li><li>Spector, S. A., Lemmer, J. T., Koffman, B. M., Fleisher, T. A., Feuerstein, I. M., Hurley, B. F., Dalakas, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Safety+and+efficacy+of+strength+training+in+patients+with+sporadic+inclusion+body+myositis.">Safety and efficacy of strength training in patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis.</a> Muscle Nerve. 20, 1242-1248 (1997).</li><li>Gualano, B., Neves, M., Lima, F. R., de S&#225; Pinto, A. L., Laurentino, G., Borges, C., Baptista, L., Artioli, G. G., Aoki, M. S., Moriscot, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Training+with+Vascular+Occlusion+in+Inclusion+BodyMyositis:+A+Case+Study.">Training with Vascular Occlusion in Inclusion BodyMyositis: A Case Study.</a> Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , .</li><li>Takarada, Y., Takazawa, H., Sato, Y., Takebayashi, S., Tanaka, Y., Ishii, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+resistance+exercise+combined+with+moderate+vascular+occlusion+on+muscular+function+in+humans.">Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate vascular occlusion on muscular function in humans.</a> J. Appl. Physiol. 88, 2097-2106 (2000).</li></ol>

Abbiamo presentato un romanzo, e probabilmente il primo, non strumento terapeutico farmacologico in grado di contrastare l&#39;atrofia muscolare e il declino di forza che di solito si verifica nei pazienti con IBM in trattamento convenzionale. Allenamento di resistenza con occlusione vascolare è un metodo di formazione relativamente nuova, ma i risultati sono molto incoraggianti. Abbiamo scoperto che dopo un 12-settimana programma di formazione, un paziente di IBM leg press massimale per una ripetizione, l&#39;equilibrio e la funzione della mobilità, e sulla coscia sezione trasversale aumentato del 15,9%, 60%, e del 4,7%, rispettivamente. Salute sottoscale questionario dimostrato miglioramenti che vanno dal 18% al 600% e l&#39;espressione di mRNA del fattore mechanogrowth aumentato 3,97 volte, mentre quella di atrogin-1 è diminuito 0,62 volte 4,5. Questo video descrive in dettaglio il protocollo di un programma di resistenza di formazione con occlusione vascolare per questa popolazione. La determinazione appropriato della piena pressione di occlusione vascolare è essenziale per la corretta applicazione di questa modalità di formazione e può essere applicato a tutti i pazienti sottoposti a regolare programma di esercizio di resistenza. Attrezzature necessarie consistono in un doppler vascolare, due polsini personalizzati lacci emostatici con manometri di pressione e una struttura di formazione regolare. Inoltre, si consiglia di ogni sessione di allenamento è supervisionato da almeno un preparatore atletico al fine di garantire la sicurezza e l&#39;efficacia del metodo proposto.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Vascular Doppler</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Treadmill (optional)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Two customized tourniquets cuffs with pressure manometers</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Conventional blood pressure cuff</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leg extension machine</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Leg press machine</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ankle weights</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

vascular occlusion training for inclusion body myositis: a novel therapeutic approach

Miosite da corpi inclusi (IBM) è una rara miopatia infiammatoria idiopatica. E &#39;noto che produce debolezza muscolare notevole e di compromettere fortemente la funzione e la qualità della vita. Inoltre, la pratica clinica suggerisce che, a differenza di altre miopatie infiammatorie, la maggior parte dei pazienti IBM non rispondono al trattamento con farmaci immunosoppressori o immunomodulatori per contrastare la progressione della malattia<sup&gt; 1</sup&gt;. Inoltre, convenzionali programmi di allenamento di resistenza si sono dimostrati inefficaci nel ripristino della funzionalità muscolare e la massa muscolare in questi pazienti<sup&gt; 2,3</sup&gt;. Tuttavia, abbiamo recentemente osservato che limitare il flusso sanguigno muscolare laccio emostatico con polsini in associazione con l&#39;allenamento di intensità moderata resistenza in un paziente IBM ha prodotto un aumento significativo della massa muscolare e la funzione, insieme con benefici sostanziali in termini di qualità della vita<sup&gt; 4</sup&gt;. Così, un nuovo approccio non farmacologico per i pazienti di IBM è stato proposto. Qui, descriviamo i dettagli di una proposta di protocollo per occlusione vascolare associata a un programma di resistenza di formazione per questa popolazione.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vascular Occlusion Training for Inclusion Body Myositis: A Novel Therapeutic Approach at JoVE.com

Vascular Occlusion Training for Inclusion Body Myositis: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

Il presente articolo presenta i dati relativi alla domanda di allenamento di resistenza associati a occlusione vascolare nei pazienti con IBM.

Formazione occlusione vascolare per Miosite inclusione del corpo: un nuovo approccio terapeutico

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. It is known to produces remarkable muscle weakness and to greatly compromise ...

vascular-occlusion-training-for-inclusion-body-myositis-novel

Nanyang Technological University

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

14.1K Views.  University of São Paulo. Il presente articolo presenta i dati relativi alla domanda di allenamento di resistenza associati a occlusione vascolare nei pazienti con IBM.

Video: Vascular Occlusion Training for Inclusion Body Myositis: A Novel Therapeutic Approach

A Murine Model of Muscle Training by Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a common clinical modality that is widely used to restore1, maintain2 or enhance3-5 muscle functional capacity. Transcutaneous surface stimulation of skeletal muscle involves a current flow between a cathode and an anode, thereby inducing excitement of the motor unit and the surrounding muscle fibers. 
NMES is an attractive modality to evaluate skeletal muscle adaptive responses for several reasons. First, it provides a reproducible experimental model in which physiological adaptations, such as myofiber hypertophy and muscle strengthening6, angiogenesis7-9, growth factor secretion9-11, and muscle precursor cell activation12 are well documented. Such physiological responses may be carefully titrated using different parameters of stimulation (for Cochrane review, see 13). In addition, NMES recruits motor units non-selectively, and in a spatially fixed and temporally synchronous manner14, offering the advantage of exerting a treatment effect on all fibers, regardless of fiber type. Although there are specified contraindications to NMES in clinical populations, including peripheral venous disorders or malignancy, for example, NMES is safe and feasible, even for those who are ill and/or bedridden and for populations in which rigorous exercise may be challenging. 
Here, we demonstrate the protocol for adapting commercially available electrodes and performing a NMES protocol using a murine model. This animal model has the advantage of utilizing a clinically available device and providing instant feedback regarding positioning of the electrode to elicit the desired muscle contractile effect. For the purpose of this manuscript, we will describe the protocol for muscle stimulation of the anterior compartment muscles of a mouse hindlimb.

A murine model of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), a safe and inexpensive clinical modality, to the anterior compartment muscles is described. This model has the advantage of modifying a readily available clinical device for the purpose of eliciting targeted and specific muscle contractions in mice.

Un modello murino della formazione muscolare da stimolazione elettrica neuromuscolare

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a common clinical modality that is widely used to restore1, maintain2 or enhance3-5 muscle functional ...

Ricerca

Medicina

Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation

Stroke rehabilitation requires repetitive, intensive, goal-oriented therapy. Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to satisfy these requirements. Game-based therapy can promote patients&#39; engagement in rehabilitation therapy as a more interesting and a motivating tool. Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs can provide personalized home-based therapy with interactive communication between patients and clinicians. In this study, a mobile VR upper extremity rehabilitation program using game applications was developed. The findings from the study show that the mobile game-based VR program effectively promotes upper extremity recovery in patients with stroke. In addition, patients completed two weeks of treatment using the program without adverse effects and were generally satisfied with the program. This mobile game-based VR upper extremity rehabilitation program can substitute for some parts of the conventional therapy that are delivered one-on-one by an occupational therapist. This time-efficient, easy to implement, and clinically effective program would be a good candidate tool for tele-rehabilitation for upper extremity recovery in patients with stroke. Patients and therapists can collaborate remotely through these e-health rehabilitation programs while reducing economic and social costs.

Here, we present a protocol to develop and apply a mobile game-based virtual reality program for the recovery of upper limb dysfunction in patients with stroke. The present study shows that the mobile program is feasible and effectively promotes upper limb recovery in stroke patients.

Programma di realtà virtuale basato su gioco mobile per riabilitazione del colpo dell'arto superiore

Stroke rehabilitation requires repetitive, intensive, goal-oriented therapy. Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to satisfy these requirements. ...

Comportamento

Supramaximal Intensity Hypoxic Exercise and Vascular Function Assessment in Mice

Exercise training is an important strategy for maintaining health and preventing many chronic diseases. It is the first line of treatment recommended by international guidelines for patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases, more specifically, lower extremity artery diseases, where the patients' walking capacity is considerably altered, affecting their quality of life. 
Traditionally, both low continuous exercise and interval training have been used. Recently, supramaximal training has also been shown to improve athletes' performances via vascular adaptations, amongst other mechanisms. The combination of this type of training with hypoxia could bring an additional and/or synergic effect, which could be of interest for certain pathologies. Here, we describe how to perform supramaximal intensity training sessions in hypoxia on healthy mice at 150% of their maximal speed, using a motorized treadmill and a hypoxic box. We also show how to dissect the mouse in order to retrieve organs of interest, particularly the pulmonary artery, the abdominal aorta, and the iliac artery. Finally, we show how to perform ex vivo vascular function assessment on the retrieved vessels, using isometric tension studies.

High-intensity training in hypoxia is a protocol that has been proven to induce vascular adaptations potentially beneficial in some patients and to improve athletes&#39; repeated sprint ability. Here, we test the feasibility of training mice using that protocol and identify those vascular adaptations using ex vivo vascular function assessment.

Sopramassimale intensità di esercizio Hypoxic e valutazione di funzione vascolare in topi

Exercise training is an important strategy for maintaining health and preventing many chronic diseases. It is the first line of treatment recommended by ...

Combined Intravital Microscopy and Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography of the Mouse Hindlimb to Study Insulin-induced Vasodilation and Muscle Perfusion

It has been demonstrated that insulin's vascular actions contribute to regulation of insulin sensitivity. Insulin's effects on muscle perfusion regulate postprandial delivery of nutrients and hormones to insulin-sensitive tissues. We here describe a technique for combining intravital microscopy (IVM) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of the adductor compartment of the mouse hindlimb to simultaneously visualize muscle resistance arteries and perfusion of the microcirculation in vivo. Simultaneously assessing insulin's effect at multiple levels of the vascular tree is important to study relationships between insulin's multiple vasoactive effects and muscle perfusion. Experiments in this study were performed in mice. First, the tail vein cannula is inserted for the infusion of anesthesia, vasoactive compounds and ultrasound contrast agent (lipid-encapsulated microbubbles). Second, a small incision is made in the groin area to expose the arterial tree of the adductor muscle compartment. The ultrasound probe is then positioned at the contralateral upper hindlimb to view the muscles in cross-section. To assess baseline parameters, the arterial diameter is assessed and microbubbles are subsequently infused at a constant rate to estimate muscle blood flow and microvascular blood volume (MBV). When applied before and during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, combined IVM and CEUS allow assessment of insulin-induced changes of arterial diameter, microvascular muscle perfusion and whole-body insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the temporal relationship between responses of the microcirculation and the resistance arteries to insulin can be quantified. It is also possible to follow-up the mice longitudinally in time, making it a valuable tool to study changes in vascular and whole-body insulin sensitivity.

Insulin-induced vasodilation regulates muscle perfusion and increases the microvascular surface area (microvascular recruitment) available for solute exchange between blood and tissue interstitium. Combined intravital microscopy and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is presented to simultaneously assess insulin&#39;s action at the larger vessels and the microcirculation in vivo.

Combinato di microscopia Intravital e l'ecografia contrapporre-aumentata del Hindlimb Mouse per studiare la perfusione del muscolo e la vasodilatazione indotta da insulina

It has been demonstrated that insulin's vascular actions contribute to regulation of insulin sensitivity. Insulin's effects on muscle perfusion regulate ...

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery

Simulation-based training has become common practice across medical specialties, especially for learning complex skills performed in high-risk environments. In the field of endovascular neurosurgery, the demand for consequence- and risk-free learning environments led to the development of simulation devices valuable for medical trainees. The goal of this protocol is to provide instructive guidelines for the use of an endovascular neurosurgery simulator in an academic setting. The simulator provides trainees with the opportunity to receive realistic feedback on their knowledge of anatomy, as well as haptic feedback indicative of their success in handling the catheter-based systems without negative consequences. The utility of this specific protocol in relation to other neuroendovascular training modalities is also discussed.

Simulation of complex, high-risk procedures is critical to the education of medical trainees. A protocol for simulator-based endovascular neurosurgery training in a controlled academic environment is described. The protocol includes stepwise guidelines for trainees of varying levels, with a discussion of the advantages and limitations of this model.

Simulator Training per neurochirurgia endovascolare

Simulation-based training has become common practice across medical specialties, especially for learning complex skills performed in high-risk ...

Neuroscienze

Immagini motorie che utilizzano avatar digitali VR nel sistema di interfaccia cervello-computer

Motor Imagery Performance Through Embodied Digital Twins in a Virtual Reality-Enabled Brain-Computer Interface Environment

This study introduces an innovative framework for neurological rehabilitation by integrating brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and virtual reality (VR) technologies with the customization of three-dimensional (3D) avatars. Traditional approaches to rehabilitation often fail to fully engage patients, primarily due to their inability to provide a deeply immersive and interactive experience. This research endeavors to fill this gap by utilizing motor imagery (MI) techniques, where participants visualize physical movements without actual execution. This method capitalizes on the brain's neural mechanisms, activating areas involved in movement execution when imagining movements, thereby facilitating the recovery process. The integration of VR's immersive capabilities with the precision of electroencephalography (EEG) to capture and interpret brain activity associated with imagined movements forms the core of this system. Digital Twins in the form of personalized 3D avatars are employed to significantly enhance the sense of immersion within the virtual environment. This heightened sense of embodiment is crucial for effective rehabilitation, aiming to bolster the connection between the patient and their virtual counterpart. By doing so, the system not only aims to improve motor imagery performance but also seeks to provide a more engaging and efficacious rehabilitation experience. Through the real-time application of BCI, the system allows for the direct translation of imagined movements into virtual actions performed by the 3D avatar, offering immediate feedback to the user. This feedback loop is essential for reinforcing the neural pathways involved in motor control and recovery. The ultimate goal of the developed system is to significantly enhance the effectiveness of motor imagery exercises by making them more interactive and responsive to the user's cognitive processes, thereby paving a new path in the field of neurological rehabilitation.

Autore in primo piano: Migliorare la neuroriabilitazione attraverso l'EEG, le immagini motorie e la realtà virtuale

Motor imagery in a virtual reality environment has wide applications in brain-computer interface systems. This manuscript outlines the use of personalized digital avatars that resemble the participants performing movements imagined by the participant in a virtual reality environment to enhance immersion and a sense of body ownership.

Prestazioni delle immagini motorie attraverso gemelli digitali incorporati in un ambiente di interfaccia cervello-computer abilitato alla realtà virtuale

This study introduces an innovative framework for neurological rehabilitation by integrating brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and virtual reality (VR) ...

Bioingegneria

A Training and Testing System for Performing Vascular Reconstruction In Vitro

Manual vascular reconstruction training is essential for a beginner surgeon. However, an optimal training system for vascular reconstruction in vitro has yet to be developed. In this study, we introduce an in vitro training and testing system using a magnetic anchoring technique with which a trainee can practice manual vascular reconstruction individually. Additionally, this system can also be used to test the quality of the reconstruction. The described system includes a vascular reconstruction training machine, magnetic tractors, and a magnetic suture puller. In this manuscript, we detail an end-to-end vein anastomosis using porcine right and left iliac veins. To identify the potential damage caused by a magnetic suture puller on the suture, we created three groups with six segments of 4-0 polypropylene sutures each: a control group with no intervention on the polypropylene suture, a group in which the polypropylene suture is manually pulled with sterile gloves 20x, and a magnetic puller group in which the magnetic puller pulled the polypropylene suture 20x. These groups were tested by light microscopy and breaking strength tests, and the effect of reconstruction was assessed. In the light microscopy test, the control group was less likely to be damaged (p &#60; 0.05) and the number of damaged points of the manual group and magnetic puller group were similar (p &#62; 0.05). The results of the breaking strength test were compared across groups and no significant difference was observed (p &#62; 0.05). The end-to-end anastomosis of the porcine iliac veins was successfully performed using this training system, and the reconstructed veins could undergo 2.0 kPa perfusion pressure. Using this training and testing system the trainee can practice manual vascular reconstruction in vitro individually with the aid of magnetic tractors and a magnetic suture puller, and the quality of the reconstruction can be tested.

Here we present a training and testing system where a trainee can complete manual vascular reconstruction in vitro individually using a magnetic anchoring technique. The system can also be used to test the quality of reconstruction.

Un sistema di formazione e test per l'esecuzione della ricostruzione vascolare in vitro

Manual vascular reconstruction training is essential for a beginner surgeon. However, an optimal training system for vascular reconstruction in vitro has ...

Force Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle After VML Injury

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury

Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) is prevalent in civilian and military populations and represents a debilitating skeletal muscle injury surpassing the body&#39;s natural regenerative capacity. These injuries disrupt not only muscle fibers but also nerves, blood vessels, and the extracellular matrix, overwhelming the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle and leading to severe fibrosis and permanent deficiencies in muscle structure and function. Current clinical management has many limitations, and thus, research is ongoing to develop more effective therapeutic approaches. Notably, however, much of the preclinical emphasis on VML injuries has focused on limb and trunk muscles, with limited investigation into craniofacial muscles. Differences in developmental biology and regenerative capacity between craniofacial and limb/trunk muscles may provide crucial insights that drive more injury-specific VML treatment options. Moreover, evaluation of functional recovery is critical to establishing therapeutic efficacy. In this regard, in vivo testing of muscle contraction with percutaneous nerve stimulation is a minimally invasive method that allows for repeated functional assessment over the course of a study - in the same animal. In light of these considerations, this paper describes a method for the in vivo assessment of muscle function in the rat masseter muscle before and after a VML injury. This protocol is the first published instance to detail the creation and functional evaluation of a biologically relevant craniofacial VML injury in the rat.

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries exceed endogenous regenerative ability, resulting in permanent functional deficits. Current VML research primarily focuses on limb and trunk muscles. To extend mechanistic studies of VML to craniofacial muscles, this article describes an in vivo method for longitudinal assessment of masseter muscle function pre- and post-VML injury.

Formazione occlusione vascolare per Miosite inclusione del corpo: un nuovo approccio terapeutico

Riepilogo

Esplora Altri Video

Capitoli in questo video

Un modello murino della formazione muscolare da stimolazione elettrica neuromuscolare

Programma di realtà virtuale basato su gioco mobile per riabilitazione del colpo dell'arto superiore

Sopramassimale intensità di esercizio Hypoxic e valutazione di funzione vascolare in topi

Combinato di microscopia Intravital e l'ecografia contrapporre-aumentata del Hindlimb Mouse per studiare la perfusione del muscolo e la vasodilatazione indotta da insulina

Simulator Training per neurochirurgia endovascolare

Prestazioni delle immagini motorie attraverso gemelli digitali incorporati in un ambiente di interfaccia cervello-computer abilitato alla realtà virtuale

Prestazioni delle immagini motorie attraverso gemelli digitali incorporati in un ambiente di interfaccia cervello-computer abilitato alla realtà virtuale

Prestazioni delle immagini motorie attraverso gemelli digitali incorporati in un ambiente di interfaccia cervello-computer abilitato alla realtà virtuale

Un sistema di formazione e test per l'esecuzione della ricostruzione vascolare in vitro

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury